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FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin: July 1999
This issue provides an article about the CPA's role in detecting and preventing fraud. It also includes an article addressing drug labs and endangered children, as well as an article about police training in the 21st century. Other articles discuss the Stockholm Syndrome and motor vehicle exception. Regular departments provide information on crime in the digital age, underage drinking, street gangs, and software for local surveys.
United States. Federal Bureau of Investigation
1999-07
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Addressing Bioterrorist Threats: Where Do We Go From Here?
"In discussing the threat of bioterrorism, planning, coordination, and preparedness are recurrent themes...A fundamental step toward addressing the threat of bioterrorism is comprehensive planning that focuses first and foremost on local preparedness and response capacity - integrating the role of state, regional, and federal governments, as well as state, regional, and national assets." The author discusses this integration with regard to public-health infrastructure, communication, legal issues, and education.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
Hamburg, Margaret A.
1999-07
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1996 National Youth Gang Survey: Summary
"The 1996 National Youth Gang Survey was sent to two groups: a statistically representative sample of 3,024 law enforcement agencies and a sample of 1,956 law enforcement agencies that were surveyed in the 1995 National Youth Gang Survey, but not selected for the 1996 representative sample. Information and analyses included in this report were limited to the survey responses for the statistically representative sample, as the data were more comprehensive and allowed for a more complete nationwide perspective. [...] The results of this survey indicate that the youth gang problem in this country is substantial and affects communities of all sizes. Almost three-fourths of the cities surveyed with populations greater than 25,000 reported youth gangs in 1996. Furthermore, a majority of suburban counties had gangs, as did a significant percentage of small cities and rural counties. Caucasians were found to be more involved in gang activity than previous studies and surveys had indicated, and their predominance in rural counties and small cities was especially high. Gang members were involved in a significant amount of crime, but the degree of involvement and type of crime varied by area type, region, and population. Examination of these data by the National Youth Gang Center will continue, and subsequent surveys will help to gather more information about gangs and gang members."
United States. Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention
Institute for Intergovernmental Research (U.S.); National Youth Gang Center (U.S.)
1999-07
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Serial No. 106-198: Y2K, Customs Flows and Global Trade: Are We Prepared to Meet the Challenges of the New Millennium?: Hearing before the Subcommittee on International Economic Policy and Trade of the Committee on International Relations, House of Representatives One Hundred Sixth Congress, First Session, June 29, 1999
On June 29, 1999, the House of Representatives Subcommittee on International Economic Policy and Trade of the Committee on International Relations convenes to discuss and hear testimony on "Y2K, Customs Flows and Global Trade". Testifying are John McPhee of the Commerce Department, SW Hall, Jr., of the US Customs Service, Jack Brock of the GAO, and Harold Bauner of Bauner International Corporation. Chairwoman Ileana Ros-Lehtinen explains that "the Y2K bug, as it has been referred to, has been more difficult to exterminate than many had once thought. Today's international business and trade transactions are increasingly conducted via computerized and automated systems. That is surely true for the operations of our U.S. Customs Service which is the focus of our hearing today. Our U.S. Customs Service, in fact, relies heavily upon the use of automated systems to collect duties, taxes and fees on imports as well as to assist in the enforcement of our trade laws. The importance of information technology to this agency is evident in their automated commercial system which is used to process all of the commercial goods imported into the United States. Ranking minority member Menendez adds that "this hearing is also intended to look at the implementation of the Customs Modernization Act, particularly Customs modernization of our import and export systems." John McPhee explains the Commerce Departments strategies for dealing with Y2K security, as does SW Hall for the US Customs Service. Jack Brock of the GAO lauds the Customs Service's work, as does Harold Bauner.
United States. Government Printing Office
1999-06-29
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Chemical Stockpile Emergency Preparedness Program Off-Post Monitoring Integrated Process Team Report
The report provides national level guidance, information, and examples to help Depot, State, and County CSEPP staff develop and implement plans and protocols for off-post monitoring in the event of a CSEPP chemical accident/incident (CAI). The report provides a list of issues, equipment, and recommendations that jurisdictions may consider in planning for response and recovery activities associated with a CAI. Please Note: This record has been imported to the HSDL as part of the LLIS Consolidation project and has not yet been reviewed by HSDL staff. Some information may be incomplete, missing, or inaccurate. For more information on the LLIS Consolidation project, please see here: [http://www.hsdl.org/?llis]
United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency
1999-06-27?
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Combating Terrorism: Analysis of Federal Counterterrorist Exercises, Briefing Report to Congressional Committees
Terrorist attacks against U.S. personnel and interests domestically and abroad underscore the need for effective U.S. efforts to combat terrorism. U.S. policy and implementing guidelines call for robust, tailored, and rapidly deployable interagency teams to conduct well-coordinated and highly integrated operations. Federal agencies enhance their ability to respond to terrorist attacks by conducting exercises that train key personnel and test response teams. GAO recently briefed congressional staff on the numbers, the scenarios, and the participants involved in federal counterterrorism exercises done from June 1995 to June 1998. This report summarizes those briefings.
United States. General Accounting Office
1999-06-25
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Executive Order 13128: Implementation of the Chemical Weapons Convention and the Chemical Weapons Convention Implementation Act
Executive Order 13128 outlines in Sections 1 through 11 how the US is to execute the Chemical Weapons Convention, as well as the Chemical Weapons Convention Implementation Act. For example, Section 1 designates the Department of State as the "United States National Authority" (USNA) for the purposes of the Act and Convention, while Section 2 states that the USNA will coordinate with an interagency group consisting of the Secretary of Defense, the Attorney General, the Secretary of Commerce, the Secretary of Energy, and the heads of various other agencies or departments. The remaining sections outlines further details, and authorizes specific functions for each Department in order to facilitate implementation of the Act and Convention.
United States. Office of the Federal Register
Clinton, Bill, 1946-
1999-06-25
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Combating Terrorism: Use of National Guard Response Teams is Unclear, Statement of Mark E. Gebicke, Director, National Security Preparedness Issues, National Security and International Affairs Division, Testimony before the Subcommittee on National Security, Veterans' Affairs, and International Relations, Committee on Government Reform, House of Representatives
The Defense Department (DOD) recently approved the creation of 10 National Guard response teams to help state and local authorities deal with terrorists attacks involving weapons of mass destruction. GAO found differing views on the role and the use of these response teams and how they will fit into state and federal plans to respond to weapons of mass destruction. Army officials believe that the teams can be a valuable asset to federal authorities. They also believe that the teams will be a critical part of the state and local response. However, officials with the FBI and the Federal Emergency Management Agency, which are responsible for managing the federal response to terrorist attacks, do not see a role for the teams in the federal response. Instead, they foresee the National Guard providing its traditional assistance in emergencies. Differing views also exist at the state level. Many state, local, and federal groups can do the work that the teams would perform. For example, more than 600 state and local hazardous materials teams in the United States deal with incidents involving highly toxic industrial chemicals and other hazardous materials. GAO's discussions with state, local, and federal officials and its own analysis found several concerns that could affect the teams' abilities to meet their mission and responsibilities. These concerns centered on recruiting and retention, training, and operational issues. This testimony summarizes GAO's June 1999 report, GAO/NSIAD-99-110.
United States. General Accounting Office
1999-06-23
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"Combating Terrorism: Use of National Guard Response Teams is Unclear," Statement of Mark E. Gebicke, Subcommittee on National Security, Veterans' Affairs, and International Relations, Committee on Government Reform, U.S. House of Representatives, June 23, 1999
"My testimony will address three issues in more detail. First, I will describe the role of the RAID [National Guard Rapid Assessment and Initial Detection ] teams in response plans as understood by local, state, and federal officials. Second, I will discuss other response assets that can perform similar functions to the RAID teams. Finally, I will discuss the RAID teams' responsibilities and how they plan to meet these responsibilities."
United States. General Accounting Office
1999-06-23
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S. Hrg. 106-234: Confronting Threats to Security in the Americas: Hearing before the Subcommittee on Western Hemisphere, Peace Corps, Narcotics and Terrorism of Committee on Foreign Relations United States Senate, One Hundred Sixth Congress, First Session, June 22, 1999
The purpose of this hearing is to examine threats to the security and stability of the Western hemisphere. Senator Coverdell made the following remarks in his opening statement: "The current administration has failed to engage the region on a consistent basis or to articulate and implement a coherent policy for the hemisphere. Most of our attention has been focused recently on the Balkans, the Middle East, China, North Korea, and rightly so. These places certainly demand our immediate attention, but we simply cannot afford to ignore serious developments in this hemisphere, in our own back yard." Statements, witnesses and submissions for the record include those of: Joseph Biden, Charles Wilhelm, Jesse Helms, and Paul Coverdell.
United States. Government Printing Office
1999-06-22
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Military Changes to the Unified Command Plan: Background and Issues for Congress [June 21, 1999]
From the Abstract: "Changing threats to U.S. national security concern Members and committees in Congress; terrorism, weapons of mass destruction, national missile defense, and space issues are new challenges the Department of Defense faces. A key tool to address these concerns has been the Unified Command Plan (UCP), which organizes U.S. military forces geographically and functionally for activities in peace and war. Congress has played a role in shaping this executive document in the past, and may wish to do so again in the future. This report describes the UCP, relevant past legislation, emerging threats, and options and issues for Congress. For discussion of U.S. forces under multinational command arrangements, see CRS [Congressional Research Service] Report 94-887, 'U.S. Forces and Multinational Commands: PDD [Presidential Decision Directive]-25 and Precedents.' This report may be updated as events warrant."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Story, William C., Jr.
1999-06-21
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Nuclear Regulatory Commission Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2000: Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Health and Environment of the Committee on Commerce, House of Representatives, One Hundred Sixth Congress, First Session, July 21, 1999
On July 21, 1999, House of Representatives Subcommittee on Health and Environment of the Committee on Commerce convenes to discuss and hear testimony on the Nuclear Regulatory Commission Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2000. Testifying are David Adelman of the Natural Resources Defense Council, Ralph Beedle of the Nuclear Energy Institute, Greta Joy Dicus of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Timothy Fields of the EPA, Edward McGaffigan of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission, and Jeffrey Merrifield of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission. Chairman Barton submits "questions about changing the foreign ownership of power reactors, the fee structure, and how these reforms are going to improve the efficiency and operation of the Commission in carrying out its licensing and regulatory functions on behalf of the United States nuclear industry." Congressman Burr is "concerned about the NRC walking away from its responsibilities to regulate the disposal of low activity, radioactive waste produced to support our atomic weapons program." Greta Joy Dicus discusses the Nuclear Regulatory Commission's role and leadership in this field, describes the challenges that the Commission faces, and outlines the approaches the Commission is taking in response to the challenges. She, along with her accompanying commissioners, answer questions regarding economy, safety, and legal issues regarding the NRC. Timothy Fields of the EPA discusses opposition to CERCLA and outlines the EPA's involvement in this issue.
United States. Government Printing Office
1999-06-21
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Teaching Intelligence Studies at Colleges and Universities
"The teaching of intelligence at growing numbers of our colleges and universities--the teaching of its place, structure and practice in our democracy--offers the welcome prospect that growing numbers of young Americans will become attracted to the field. It offers the prospect that, increasingly, the very best of the coming generation's talents and capabilities will participate in the contributions of intelligence to the survival, security and well-being of the Nation. Indeed--if you will bear with a parochial aside--that once in the field, we will have occasion to welcome them to their professional, graduate studies at this college. Today's program, and the conference papers available to you as contributions to the program, will give us a look at where the teaching of intelligence is today and where it is tending in the future. The product from today's presentations and discussions, the proceedings flowing from this work, should increase our understanding of how better to nurture this phenomenon so as to bring the very finest young American men and women into the intelligence ranks--national, theater and tactical--in the years ahead."
Joint Military Intelligence College (U.S.)
1999-06-18
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Study Report: Water Consumption Planning Factors
"The last comprehensive water consumption planning factors study was conducted in 1983 and revised in 1988 and 1994. The US Army requires current, accurate planning factors to determine force structure and for combat planning. Force structure developers must determine the number and types of units required to support the total Army in world-wide commitments. Combat planners must determine the number and type units required to support specific operational plans and establish a phased deployment plan to ensure that support is available for deploying forces. This study revisited the factors currently in force, and challenged proponents of water consuming processes to validate or revise those factors."
U.S. Army Combined Arms Center
1999-06-15
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Authority of the United States to Enter Settlements Limiting the Future Exercise of Executive Branch Discretion, Memorandum for Raymond C. Fisher, Associate Attorney General [June 15, 1999]
"Attorney General may enter into settlements that would limit the future exercise of executive branch discretion when that discretion has been conferred upon the executive branch pursuant to statute and there exists no independent statutory limitation on the authority of the executive branch to so limit the future exercise of that discretion. The Attorney General's power to enter into settlements that would limit the future exercise of discretion that has been conferred upon the executive branch directly by the Constitution is constrained by the very constitutional provisions that vest discretionary authority in the President and therefore necessarily preclude the President from subjecting the exercise of that discretion to the control of the other party to a settlement or to judicial enforcement. Article III of the Constitution does not preclude the executive branch from entering into judicially enforceable discretion limiting settlements as a general matter or bar federal courts from entering consent decrees that limit executive branch discretion whenever such decrees purport to provide broader relief than a court could have awarded pursuant to an ordinary injunction. Article III limitations may arise, however, when, for example, the terms of the governmental promise are too amorphous to be susceptible to Article III federal judicial enforcement. Although there may be sound policy reasons to reaffirm Attorney General Meese's 1986 policy regulating the use of discretion limiting settlements, the concerns that led to its adoption do not, in general, amount to legally binding limitations on the scope of the executive branch's power to settle litigation in a manner that may limit the future exercise of executive branch discretion."
United States. Department of Justice. Office of Legal Counsel
1999-06-15
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Note on Mapping User-Oriented Security Policies to Complex Mechanisms and Services
"The quality of service framework in a heterogeneous computer network environment may provide users and applications with a wide range of security mechanisms and services. We propose a simplified user security interface and a method for mapping this interface to complex underlying security mechanisms and services. Additionally, we illustrate a mechanism for mapping multiple security policies to the same user security interface."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Information Systems Security Studies and Research
Irvine, Cynthia E.; Levin, Timothy
1999-06-15
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Combating Terrorism: Observations on Growth in Federal Programs, Statement of Mark E. Gebicke, Director, National Security Preparedness Issues, National Security and International Affairs Division, Testimony before the Subcommittee on Oversight, Investigations, and Emergency Management, Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure, House of Representatives
The President's budget request for fiscal year 2000 includes about $10 billion to combat terrorism. About $1.4 billion of that amount was earmarked for dealing with weapons of mass destruction, according to the Office of Management and Budget. This testimony focuses on three issues. First, GAO briefly describes the foreign- and domestic-origin terrorism threats, as it understands them from intelligence analyses, and discusses issues surrounding the emerging threat of terrorist attacks involving chemical, biological, radiological, or nuclear weapons. Second, GAO discusses the growth in federal programs to train and equip local "first responders"--police, fire, and emergency medical services--and the expansion of federal response teams to deal with terrorist attacks involving weapons of mass destruction. Finally, GAO discusses efforts to better manage the federal response to terrorism and opportunities for additional focus and direction.
United States. General Accounting Office
1999-06-09
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Combating Terrorism: Analysis of Potential Emergency Response Equipment and Sustainment Costs, Report to Congressional Requesters
The Defense Department and others are authorized to provide training, equipment, and advice to civilian emergency response personnel to help them respond to a possible terrorist attack involving chemical, biological, or nuclear weapons. GAO reported last year that some local jurisdictions were buying equipment without the benefit of formal threat and risk assessments based on valid threat data. In the absence of defined requirements, this report determines the potential cost of equipping and maintaining the capability of cities to respond to a terrorist incident involving weapons of mass destruction. GAO (1) provides the views of federal, state, and local officials on equipment that they believed would be needed to respond to such an incident and (2) determines the potential procurement and sustainment costs of these items.
United States. General Accounting Office
1999-06-09
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Serial No. 106-85: Developments in the Middle East: Hearing before the Committee on International Relations, House of Representatives One Hundred Sixth Congress, First Session, June 8, 1999
On June 8, 1999, the House of Representatives Committee on International Relations convenes to discuss and hear testimony regarding Developments in the Middle East. Testifying is Martin Indyk, the Assistant Secretary for Near Eastern Affairs at the US Department of State. Chairman Benjamin Gilman explains that "With the election of Ehud Barak as Israel's Prime Minister-elect, many expect Israeli-Palestinian negotiations to resume fairly quickly", that "Iran's actions on a variety of issues continue to be of grave concern to many of us", that Iraq is implementing new oil policies, and that in Egypt Hosni Mubarak was nominated for a forth 6-year term. Ranking Minority Member Gedjenson pointedly wants to know who is in control of Jezzin, and what Mr. Indyk thinks of Prsident Asad in Syria. Martin Indyk testifies to all these concerns, saying that "If Israel's negotiating partners are ready to respond, we believe it will be possible to resume negotiations on all tracks", that "Saddam Hussein's defiance of the U.N. Security Council threatens to destabilize the Gulf while exacting a heavy price from the Iraqi people", that "President Khatami's election in Iran in the recent local elections there has made it clear that a significant majority of the Iranian people support political liberalization", and that "extremism is now on the defensive in Algeria and Egypt". He answers questions about predictions for stability in the Middle East and American policy and programs in the region.
United States. Government Printing Office
1999-06-08
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Trends in Background Issues of Applicants for Access to Classified Information
"Before an employee of the Department of Defense is allowed access to classified information, a background investigation is conducted by the Defense Investigative Service (DIS). The purpose of the investigation is to determine whether issues related to loyalty, reliability, and trustworthiness are present in the person's background. Two major background areas of concern are general suitability issues and loyalty issues. Suitability issues are alcohol use, drug use, criminal conduct, financial responsibility, emotional/mental issues, sexual misconduct and falsification. Loyalty issues are allegiance to the United States, foreign connection, and foreign preferences. A third area, security incidents, is concerned with responsibility for handling classified information. The DIS conducts investigations on three populations of DOD employees: military, both active and reserve; Federal civilians; and defense contractors. Between 1987 and 1996, DIS performed quality assurance by reviewing a sample of issue cases."
Defense Personnel Security Research Center (U.S.)
Carney, Ralph M.
1999-06-07
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Screening of Personnel Security Investigations
"With the downsizing of the military departments, there is increasing pressure to reduce costs and eliminate non-value added and redundant activities. In the personnel security arena, this has translated into the adoption of a risk management philosophy. The cost of personnel security procedures must be balanced against the degree to which they reduce risk. The focus of this paper is empirically to examine whether the screening of personnel security investigations by the Defense Investigative Service (DIS) makes sense from a risk management perspective...The primary aim of this study was to examine, from a risk management perspective, the feasibility of having DIS screen favorable cases. Of interest was whether the potential cost avoidance derived from a screening program would be outweighed by possible negative impacts on the personnel security determination process. The results were provided for consideration by policy makers in making a decision whether or not to adopt such screening procedures."
Defense Personnel Security Research Center (U.S.)
Crawford, Kent S.; Riedel, James A.
1999-06-07
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Preparing for Battle: Learning Lessons in the U.S. Army During World War I
"This thesis examines how well the United States Army of World War I prepared for battle by learning the lessons of modern combat from other nations engaged in war. Armies prepare for war during peace. However, the true validation of doctrine weapons, organization, and training developed in peacetime is war. Hostilities between the Allied and Central Powers raged for three years before the Unites States declared war. This period provided the U.S. Army a unique opportunity to observe how technologies and techniques were effectively employed by French, British, and German commanders. The question this thesis attempts to answer is: How well did the United States Army apply the experiences of the belligerent nations from 1914 to 1917 in preparing the American Expeditionary Force (AEF) for combat in the European Theater? The thesis starts with a discussion of pre-war Army developments from the Russo- Japanese War of 1904-05 through the last U.S. military action before the declaration of war, the Punitive Expedition to Mexico. The evolution of warfare through French, British, and German experience is described followed by a discussion of the observations of modern warfare by military professionals and how US Army doctrinal publications and operations planning reflected these changes. The thesis then analyzes U.S. battlefield performance and influences upon the formation of U.S. doctrine."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College
Cullen, Glen T.
1999-06-04
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Ancient Chinese Precedents in 'China's National Defense'
From the thesis abstract: "The purpose of this paper is to analyze the strategy embodied in China's 1998 White Paper titled China's National Defense and compare it with the strategic concepts contained in a number of military classics from ancient China. The assumption is that since China's political and military leaders state openly that their strategy is based on traditional Chinese strategic concepts, a study of ancient classics on strategy may provide a deeper understanding of the strategy embodied in China's National Defense. Such an understanding will be of value to United States military strategists as they deal with the China of today and tomorrow. The results of this study did find ancient precedents in the strategy outlined by China's National Defense. The most prevalent strategic precedents include the concepts of: gaining popular support for the national government, pursuing economic development to satisfy the population, developing a strong military to deter/defeat internal and external threats, and preferring the use of peaceful means to solve conflicts rather than using military force."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College. School of Advanced Military Studies
Geddis, Robert B.
1999-06-04
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Chemical and Biological Defense of Ports of Debarkation: What Actions are Being Taken and How Effective are They?
"Operation Desert Shield displayed to the world what the U.S. and allied coalition forces could do given six months to flow combat power into ports unopposed. Recent studies commissioned by the Joint Staff concluded that the U.S. military will not have that luxury in the future. This conclusion compels the U.S. to reevaluate its airport and seaport of debarkation (APOD, SPOD) chemical and biological (CB) defense and consequence management strategy. Military analysts believe that a CB strike on the PODs will not rule out U.S. victory as long as the U.S. is willing to endure a prolonged conflict with significant casualties. This study explains the process needed to avoid paying this unnecessary price. An enemy CB attack on a POD during force projection presents a complex situation that demands significant advance preparation. The CB threat comes in many forms and the threat analysis process must be modified to identify each one. Only then can vulnerabilities be accurately assessed and mitigated. The current battlefield vulnerability analysis process, if applied to PODs, would result in a grossly inaccurate effect analysis. Defending against and recovering from a CB attack in the PODs are paramount for the preservation of U.S. strategy and the lives of U.S. service personnel."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College
Murray, Daniel S.
1999-06-04
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Role of ABRI in the Post-Suharto Era
"This thesis investigates the future role of the ABRI (Angkatan Bersenjata Republik lndonesia or Armed Forces of the Republic of Indonesia) in the post-Suharto era. It examines the factors which influence the sociopolitical role of the ABRI and postulates possible models for this role within the time frame of five to ten years from the end of Suharto's rule in Indonesia. Based on the change in the sociopolitical role, this thesis identifies the effects on other component roles of the ABRI including external defense, internal security, law enforcement, business involvement, and peacekeeping. It also highlights a roadmap linking observed events in lndonesia to the likely model which will be adopted by the ABRI in the future."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College
Lee, Tan Chong
1999-06-04
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Improving the Kansas State Emergency Management System
From the thesis abstract: "Through examination of case studies of past emergency and disaster events occurring in Kansas, Indiana, and North Dakota, recommendations have been derived designed to improve the efficiency of the Kansas Division of Emergency Management. The specific characteristics of emergency management examined within this study are the organization, functions and authority of the three state emergency management agencies. The efficiency of the three emergency management agencies examined in this study are assessed within four aspects of emergency management: preparedness, response, recovery, and mitigation. Emergency management organizations have three different kinds of organizational arrangements: (1) the emergency management director reports directly to the state's governor; (2) the emergency management director reports to the State Adjutant General; and (3) the emergency management director reports to a cabinet level official, such as the public safety director. The Kansas Division of Emergency Management is one of twenty-two states in which the state emergency manager reports directly to the Adjutant General. Indiana and North Dakota were selected for two reasons: (1) both Indiana and North Dakota have experienced significant similar types of natural disasters as has Kansas since 1990; and (2) Indiana's agency is of the type in which the emergency management director reports directly to the governor, providing a different perspective into emergency management. The North Dakota emergency management director reports to the Adjutant General providing insight into a similar emergency management system. The recommendations submitted in this study may increase the efficiency of the Kansas Division of Emergency Management Agency as well as that of other state's emergency management agencies. Recommendations are limited to the scope of this study but may serve to cultivate additional improvements in all facets of emergency management."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College
Webster, James D.
1999-06-04
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Century of Foreign Military Intervention: Security Implications of Foreign Area Competency
From the thesis abstract: "This study assesses the evolution of foreign area expertise in the U.S. armed forces during the twentieth century. It focuses on the development of foreign area officer (FAO) programs as the services adapted to incremental requirements for regional expertise, particularly so in the post-Cold War era. This study describes the background of each service's FAO program and investigates the individual progress made by each service in developing foreign area competency commensurate to current and anticipated missions. It assesses the confluence of FAO program objectives with service and national military objectives. This study concludes that the foreign area expertise capabilities in the services as of April 1999 are not equal to the levels required to support the National Security Strategy and the National Military Strategy objectives effectively. That said, this study shows that the Department of Defense has demonstrated both unprecedented recognition of the deficit in foreign area expertise and the resolve to develop capabilities commensurate to requirements. Furthermore, the study also reveals that the process for developing this expertise is well underway, although the individual services differ significantly in their approaches and levels of commitment."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College
Piontek, Joseph W.
1999-06-04
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Joint Doctrine for Nonlethal Weapons
From the thesis abstract: "This study investigates whether the armed forces of the United States need joint doctrine for nonlethal weapons. The U.S. Department of Defense is gradually increasing its commitment of fiscal and manpower resources to the development of nonlethal technology; however, published information that provides guidance on how and under what conditions to employ the technology is scarce. In particular, joint doctrine for nonlethal weapons has not been developed. Joint doctrine is only one of several methods that can be used to provide operational commanders with guidance on the employment of an emerging technology. This study, therefore, focuses on identifying the optimum method for enhancing the combat effectiveness of U.S. military forces. Using a descriptive and qualitative analysis approach, the study examines the purpose and functions of joint doctrine; the capabilities provided by nonlethal technology in support of national military objectives; and the current status of published information relating to the operational employment of nonlethal weapons. The study concludes that joint doctrine for nonlethal weapons, by addressing a critical warfighting void, will improve the combat effectiveness of U.S. military forces. The study recommends that the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff publish this doctrine by 2003 and proposes specific topics to be included."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College
Perry, Joseph M.
1999-06-04
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U.S. Army and Doctrine for Weapons of Mass Destruction: Consequence Management Operations
From the thesis abstract: "As the nuclear threat between the United States and the Soviet Union has diminished, new threats now face the nation. The end of the Cold War world brought with it the unleashing of rogue states and terrorist organizations that no longer feel constrained by the superpowers. Coupled with the release of technology worldwide, no nation is risk free from attack on its own soil. While the threat of terrorism in of itself is not new, the threat of the use of weapons of mass destruction (WMD) on American soil creates a new risk to national security. Tasked by Congress, the Department of Defense developed programs and capabilities to deal with consequences of a WMD attack on US soil. This study conducts an analysis of the US Army's current WMD consequence management operations doctrine. The analysis is based on a model developed by Colonel Dennis M. Drew, a former Air Force officer who wrote numerous books and articles concerning military doctrine and strategy. The results of the analysis point to many shortcomings in current Army doctrine. Recommendations are provided to better prepare the Army to fulfill its role in consequence management operations."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College
Jenkins, Sean M.
1999-06-04
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Achieving Nuclear, Biological, and Chemical Defense Synergy Through Integrated Land-, Air-, and Space-Based Sensors and Analysis
This thesis presents a concept for a near-future application of an integrated land-, air-, and space-based system of sensors, detectors, and analysis to provide critical immediate warning, reporting, and situational updates of NBC attacks. It shows how much more efficient and effective this concept is as compared to the United States' current system of independent detectors and sensors operating separately at the various levels of command and control. Ultimately, it describes a concept that has a greater potential to achieve the United States' objective of convincing our enemies that NBC weapons will be ineffective against us. The U.S. Counter-Proliferation Initiative is the overarching strategy for countering the WMD threat. It focuses on prevention of the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, deterrence of their use, and defense measures countering use. While these three arms of the Counter- Proliferation Initiative currently exist in separate operational bodies, they have yet to be linked in a way that will combine and, consequently, strengthen their efforts. What they lack is a system that allows all three elements of this initiative to operate simultaneously and synergistically to nullify the risk or loss of personnel and material from weapons of mass destruction usage. This thesis presents a concept to achieve this critically needed synergy.
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College
King, William E.
1999-06-04
