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• Year 2000: Biggest Problems and Purposed Solutions, Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Government Management, Information, and Technology of the Committee on Government Reform and Oversight, House of Representatives, One Hundred Fifth Congress, Second Session, June 22, 1998

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  This is the June 22, 1998 hearing on "Year 2000: Biggest Problems and Purposed Solutions," held before the House Subcommittee on Government Management, Information, and Technology. From the Opening Statement of Stephen Horn: "So today we have gathered together expert witnesses from different perspectives, from the public and private sectors, policymakers, project managers, legal and financial experts, and domestic and international perspectives. We will discuss the same question across all these perspectives: What are the highest priority problems for the nest stage of the year 2000 problem?" Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Edward DeSeve, Rona Stillman, Dennis Grabow, Dan Steinberg, Alan Simpson, Bruce F. Webster, and Tom McCabe.

  United States. Government Printing Office

  1999
• Changing Boundaries of Law Enforcement: State and Local Law Enforcement, Illegal Immigration and Transnational Crime Control, Final Report

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  "This study began as an examination of the role of state and local law enforcement in transnational law enforcement with special attention to the matter of illegal immigration. It grew to include the larger historical and comparative framework needed to understand the complexity of the problem. Illegal immigration is intricately linked to legal immigration. The police can not respond to the one independently of how they respond to the other. Moreover, the problems of ;law and order that illegal immigration represent for the local police today are not simply a matter of catching people who are in the country illegally. Indeed. in the United States that part of the problem has been largely removed from the direct responsibility of the local police and defined as the responsibility of the federal immigration police, the Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) and its special unit, the Border Patrol. This division of labor, however, is of comparatively recent origin; is the reverse of what it once was: is legally open to change at the option of the local police; and is a point of contention in the larger national debate over immigration policy."

  National Criminal Justice Reference Service (U.S.)

  McDonald, William F. (William Frank), 1943-

  1999
• Investigation Report: Catastrophic Vessel Overpressurization, Pitkin, Louisiana, March 4, 1998

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  "This report examines the catastrophic vessel failure and fire that occurred on March 4, 1998, near Pitkin, Louisiana, at an oil and gas production facility owned by Sonat Exploration Company. Four workers were killed in the incident. The root causes of the incident are identified, and recommendations are made concerning engineering and design management systems and the development of good-practice guidelines." Key issues discussed include: design & hazard reviews, pressure-relief devices, and operating procedures.

  United States. Chemical Safety and Hazard Investigation Board

  1999
• Investigation Report: Explosives Manufacturing Incident, Mustang, Nevada, January 7, 1998

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  "This report explains two explosions that took place on January 7, 1998, at an explosives manufacturing facility owned by Sierra Chemical Company, located in Mustang, Nevada. Four workers were killed and six were injured. Safety issues covered in the report include process safety management, process hazard analysis, training, language barriers, operating procedures, building siting, and employee participation. Recommendations concerning these issues were made to Sierra Chemical Company and other companies manufacturing explosives, the Institute of Makers of Explosives, the Nevada Occupational Safety and Health Enforcement Section, and the Department of Defense." Key issues discussed include: process safety management, worker training, process hazard analysis, and language barriers.

  United States. Chemical Safety and Hazard Investigation Board

  1999
• Investigation Report: Propane Tank Explosion, Albert City, Iowa, April 9, 1998

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  This report explains the explosion/BLEVE that took place on April 9, 1998, at the Herrig Brothers Feather Creek Farm, located in Albert City, Iowa. Two volunteer fire fighters were killed and seven other emergency response personnel were injured. Safety issues covered in the report include protection of propane storage tanks and piping, state regulatory oversight of such installations, and fire fighter response to propane storage tank fires. Recommendations concerning these issues were made to the Herrig Brothers Feather Creek Farm, the Iowa State Fire Marshal, the Fire Service Institute of Iowa State University, and the National Propane Gas Association." Key issues discussed include: design & installation deficiencies, regulatory oversight, and bleve hazard & emergency response.

  United States. Chemical Safety and Hazard Investigation Board

  1999
• Summary Report: Nitrogen Asphyxiation, Hahnville, Louisiana, March 27, 1998

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  "This summary report explains an incident that occurred March 27, 1998, at Union Carbide Corporation's Taft/Star Manufacturing Plant in Hahnville, Louisiana. One Union Carbide worker was killed and an independent contractor was seriously injured due to nitrogen asphyxiation. Safety issues discussed in this report include the hazards of temporary enclosures and the use of nitrogen when working in confined spaces. Recommendations concerning these issues were made to Union Carbide Corporation, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration, and others. This summary report also contains a recommendation to the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health that it conduct a study concerning the feasibility of odorizing nitrogen when it is used in confined spaces." Key issues discussed include: use of nitrogen in confined spaces, and safety of temporary enclosures.

  United States. Chemical Safety and Hazard Investigation Board

  1999
• Preliminary Volcano-Hazard Assessment for Iliamna Volcano, Alaska

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  "Iliamna Volcano is a 3,053-meter-high, ice- and snow-covered stratovolcano in the southwestern Cook Inlet region about 225 kilometers southwest of Anchorage and about 100 kilometers northwest of Homer. Historical eruptions of Iliamna Volcano have not been positively documented; however, the volcano regularly emits steam and gas, and small, shallow earthquakes are often detected beneath the summit area. The most recent eruptions of the volcano occurred about 300 years ago, and possibly as recently as 90-140 years ago. Prehistoric eruptions have generated plumes of volcanic ash, pyroclastic flows, and lahars that extended to the volcano flanks and beyond. Rock avalanches from the summit area have occurred numerous times in the past. These avalanches flowed several kilometers down the flanks and at least two large avalanches transformed to cohesive lahars. The number and distribution of known volcanic ash deposits from Iliamna Volcano indicate that volcanic ash clouds from prehistoric eruptions were significantly less voluminous and probably less common relative to ash clouds generated by eruptions of other Cook Inlet volcanoes. Plumes of volcanic ash from Iliamna Volcano would be a major hazard to jet aircraft using Anchorage International Airport and other local airports, and depending on wind direction, could drift at least as far as the Kenai Peninsula and beyond. Ashfall from future eruptions could disrupt oil and gas operations and shipping activities in Cook Inlet. Because Iliamna Volcano has not erupted for several hundred years, a future eruption could involve significant amounts of ice and snow that could lead to the formation of large lahars and downstream flooding."

  United States. Department of the Interior; Geological Survey (U.S.)

  Waythomas, Christopher F.; Miller, Thomas P.

  1999
• 1997 Volcanic Activity in Alaska and Kamchatka: Summary of Events and Response of the Alaska Volcano Observatory

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  "The Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO) monitors over 40 historically active volcanoes along the Aleutian Arc (fig. 1). Twenty are seismically monitored and for the rest, the AVO monitoring program relies mainly on pilot reports, observations of local residents and ship crews, and daily analysis of satellite images. In 1997, AVO responded to eruptive activity or suspect volcanic activity at 11 volcanic centers (fig. 2; tables 1, 2): Wrangell, Sanford, Shrub mud volcano, Iliamna, the Katmai group (Martin, Mageik, Snowy, and Kukak volcanoes), Chiginagak, Pavlof, Shishaldin, Okmok, Cleveland, and Amukta. Of these, AVO has real-time, continuously recording seismic networks at Iliamna, the Katmai group, and Pavlof (fig. 3). The phrase 'suspect volcanic activity' (SVA), used to characterize several responses, is an eruption report or report of unusual activity that is subsequently determined to be normal or enhanced fumarolic activity, weather-related phenomena, or a non-volcanic event. In addition to responding to eruptive activity at Alaska volcanoes, AVO also disseminated information for the Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT) about the 1997 activity of 5 Russian volcanoes--Sheveluch, Klyuchevskoy, Bezymianny, Karymsky, and Alaid (SVA)(fig. 16; table 3). This report summarizes volcanic activity and SVA in Alaska during 1997 and the AVO response, as well as information on the reported activity at the Russian volcanoes."

  United States. Department of the Interior; Geological Survey (U.S.)

  McGimsey, Robert G.; Wallace, Kristi L.

  1999
• Concept for Advanced Expeditionary Fire Support C the System After Next

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  The purpose of this paper is to describe a concept for an advanced expeditionary fire support system that will provide flexible and responsive support for maritime maneuver warfare. Designed to meet the demands of Operational Maneuver from the Sea (OMFTS) and its supporting concepts of Ship- to-Objective Maneuver (STOM) and Future Military Operations on Urbanized Terrain (MOUT), this concept addresses fire support requirements across the spectrum of conflict from devastating, lethal fires in Sustained Operations Ashore (SOA) to tailored, non-lethal fires in support of Other Expeditionary Operations (OEO) forward-deployed naval expeditionary forces provide the means for the National Command Authorities to respond rapidly to crises across the full spectrum of military operations. They must be capable of operating effectively in any environment against a wide range of potential adversaries. Many such adversaries, even those who are relatively unsophisticated, will be capable of employing modem weapons systems that are more capable in terms of range, accuracy, and lethality than those available today. Our adversaries may have little concern for such protocols as the Hague Convention, which seek to limit collateral damage and noncombatant casualties. Such considerations will always be a factor in the planning and execution of US military operations. Finally, we can never discount the possibility that an adversary will resort to the use of weapons of mass destruction. The Navy and Marine Corps are preparing to meet these challenges through implementation of our warfighting concepts. These concepts take full advantage of the maneuver space provided by the littoral environment by exploiting advances in operational and tactical mobility. The concept for expeditionary fire support addresses the system that will provide flexible and responsive fires in support of Marine forces.

  United States. Department of the Navy

  1999
• TOPOFF Planning FORUM (Chantilly, VA)

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  "In early 1999, the United States Congress ordered the Department of Justice to conduct an exercise 'with the participation of all key personnel who would participate in the consequence management of [an actual chemical, biological, or cyber] terrorist event.' The exercise, to be call TOPOFF (for 'Top Officials') is intended to realistically test the Federal, State and local response and management systems. To achieve that end, the Attorney General directed the Office of Justice Programs, Office for State and Local Domestic Preparedness Support (OSLDPS) to convene a meeting of emergency response planners and practitioners from across the nation to develop objectives for use in designing such an exercise. The participants in the meeting, held May 20-21, 1999 in Chantilly, Virginia, were invited from jurisdictions large and small representing a broad range of responder disciplines. This links to the index page for the TOPOFF Planning FORUM. The index page links to the entire document,(668 Kb zip). The individual sections are: Table of Contents; Executive Summary/Approach/Findings; Exercise Planning Conference Agenda; Introduction; Functional Groups; Functional Groups Proposed Objectives; Multidisciplinary Groups; Functional Group Matrix (Power Point); and Consensus Objectives/Guidance."

  United States. Office of Justice Programs. Office for State and Local Domestic Preparedness Support

  1999
• Nuclear Crisis Management and Information Warfare

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  "Military analysts and academic experts in security studies have envisioned a post-Cold War world dominated by a 'Revolution in Military Affairs' based on high-tech conventional weapons and dominant knowledge of the wartime environment. The same people often have assumed that the evolutionary development of nuclear weapons and their delivery systems is on an entirely different trajectory than that projected for information-based, 'Third Wave' warfare and weapons. Nuclear and other weapons of mass destruction are the past; information-based, non-nuclear weapons, in this vision, are the future of war. This assumption of entirely separate gene pools for nuclear weapons of mass destruction and for information warfare may be incorrect for some kinds of situations, however, including crises between nuclear-armed states. The two apparently antithetical kinds of weapons may come together to create a new and potentially terrifying synthesis under the 'right' political conditions."

  Army War College (U.S.)

  Cimbala, Stephen J.

  1999
• Delivery of Services for PTSD

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  This article on Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) examines treatment of PTSD in terms of access to care, and efficacy of various treatments offered. From the article: "Conventional research on the roots of psychopathology and on the efficacy of treatment in controlled trials are only the first steps toward the ultimate goal of health care systems: improving the health of the public at large. Health services research picks up the baton from basic and clinical research to examine how services are delivered, their costs, and above all, their effectiveness in 'real world' settings. Research on the delivery of health care services can be thought of as addressing three goals. First, service use, along with epidemiological data on disease prevalence, is an indicator of the burden of disease on the general population and its economic consequences. Second, studies of service use provide information on the accessibility of services, i.e., the success or failure of the health care system to address the needs of its target population. Finally, studies of service use are important in simultaneously evaluating the effectiveness and cost of services, i.e., their ultimate value to the public."

  National Center for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (U.S.)

  Rosenheck, Robert; Fontana, Alan

  1999
• Exposure Therapy for PTSD

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  This article on Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) examines "exposure therapy" as an effective treatment for PTSD. From the article: "A variety of terms have been used to label therapy that consists of prolonged exposure to anxiety-provoking stimuli. These include flooding, imaginal exposure, in vivo exposure, prolonged exposure, and directed exposure. In this paper we will refer to all these therapy programs collectively as exposure. Exposure methods share the common feature of helping anxious patients confront their fear-evoking stimuli with the aim of reducing the irrational fear or anxiety. Most exposure therapy programs do not consist solely of exposure but include other components such as psychoeducation or relaxation training. The exposure components, however, are typically more central and occupy much more time than these other components; the latter are often presented as preliminary ways of building up to the exposure. Details on the implementation of exposure for PTSD have been provided in Foa and Rothbaum (1998). [...] The results from the studies discussed [in this article] consistently support the efficacy of imaginal and in vivo exposure for the treatment of PTSD resulting from a variety of traumas. In general, these studies are well-controlled, leading to strong conclusions. Exposure therapy tends to be relatively short-term and well-tolerated, even by very impaired individuals, and thus should be considered a treatment option in many cases of PTSD."

  National Center for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (U.S.)

  Rothbaum, Barbara Olasov; Foa, Edna B.

  1999
• National Center for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: PTSD Research Quarterly [Winter 1999]

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  This issue of "PTSD [Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder] Research Quarterly" contains two articles and a PILOTS (Published International Literature on Traumatic Stress) update. The first article, "Research on Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) as a Treatment for PTSD", written by Richard J. McNally, examines the efficacy of EMDR studies and treatment. From the article: "Although the marketing of EMDR has provoked many lively debates, the purpose of the present article is merely to provide a 'road map' to the literature on randomized, controlled trials. Discussion of the sociological, historical, and economic dimensions of EMDR is available elsewhere (e.g., DeBell & Jones, 1997; Greenwald, in press; McNally, in press-b; Rosen et al., 1998). In summary, there are two sharply divergent views regarding what clinical scientists should do next regarding EMDR. On the one hand, some people believe that further research on EMDR is needed (e.g., Shapiro, 1995). According to this view, more controlled trials comparing EMDR to other effective treatments are warranted. Indeed, EMDR has been compared to an established PTSD treatment in only one trial (Devilly & Spence, in press). On the other hand, others believe that further research on EMDR qua EMDR is unnecessary (e.g., Rosen et al., 1998). According to this view, EMDR is distinguished from traditional desensitization treatments by its addition of induced eye movements to imaginal exposure, and if the defining element of EMDR is therapeutically inert, then there is little reason to investigate EMDR qua EMDR." The second article, "Control Groups in Psychotherapy Research" by Paula P. Schnurr, discusses the necessity for "understanding the role of control groups in psychotherapy research." The focus of the article is on the use of control groups in EMDR research in terms of what types of groups are used, and questions raised by EMDR studies. The author supports the view that "additional comparative research, with strict quality and fidelity controls, is needed in order [to] generate information about the efficacy of EMDR relative to other active treatments for PTSD."

  National Center for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (U.S.)

  Schnurr, Paula P.; McNally, Richard J.

  1999
• Psychology of Intelligence Analysis

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  This volume pulls together and republishes, with some editing, updating, and additions, articles written during 1978-86 for internal use within the CIA Directorate of Intelligence. Four of the articles also appeared in the Intelligence Community journal "Studies in Intelligence" during that time frame. The information is relatively timeless and still relevant to the never-ending quest for better analysis. The message that comes through in the author's presentation is that information and expertise are a necessary but not sufficient means of making intelligence analysis the special product that it needs to be. A comparable effort has to be devoted to the science of analysis. This effort has to start with a clear understanding of the inherent strengths and weaknesses of the primary analytic mechanism--the human mind--and the way it processes information. Given the centrality of analytic science for the intelligence mission, a key question that this book poses is: Compared with other areas of our business, have we committed a commensurate effort to the study of analytic science as a professional requirement? How do the effort and resource commitments in this area compare to, for example, the effort and commitment to the development of analysts' writing skills?

  United States. Central Intelligence Agency

  Heuer, Richards J.

  1999
• Law Enforcement Officers Killed & Assaulted 1998

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  "Everyday, thousands of men and women of the badge put their lives on the line to serve as our Nation's front line of defense against crime. Many of these individuals complete their shifts escaping injury or death; some unfortunately become statistics in this publication. In 1998, 61 law enforcement officers were feloniously killed in the line of duty. Another 78 died as the result of duty-related accidents, and at least 59,545 more were victims of some type of assault. Statistically, these numbers represent an average of one officer dying every two-and-one half days and a minimum of 163 being assaulted every day. From a humanitarian standpoint, however, each number represents a story of selfless service and sacrifice. This publication serves as a statistical tool to train and assist our Nation's crime fighters. For the living, it provides invaluable information so that strategies can be developed to safeguard against history repeating itself. For those who lost their lives protecting our society, this publication chronicles their service documenting the dangers faced by those in the law enforcement profession."

  United States. Federal Bureau of Investigation

  1999
• TOPOFF Exercise Planning Conference Final Report

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  This is the final report of the TOPOFF [Top Officials] Exercise Planning Conference. From the document: "The threat of terrorism involving the use of weapons of mass destruction (WMD) has increasingly attracted the attention of planners and emergency managers in this nation and around the world. The tragic litany -- World Trade Center, Tokyo Subway, Oklahoma City -- is far too familiar, and the potential consequences far too grave, not to command the most urgent efforts of government at all levels. While tremendous progress has been made through initiatives such as the Domestic Preparedness Program, the Federal Bureau of Investigation's WMD Coordinators, and the Public Health Service Metropolitan Medical Response System, more remains to be done. In early 1999, the United States Congress ordered the Department of Justice to conduct an exercise 'with the participation of all key personnel who would participate in the consequence management of [an actual chemical, biological, or cyber] terrorist event.'1 The exercise, to be call TOPOFF (for 'Top Officials') is intended to realistically test the Federal, State and local response and management systems. To achieve that end, the Attorney General directed the Office of Justice Programs, Office for State and Local Domestic Preparedness Support (OSLDPS) to convene a meeting of emergency response planners and practitioners from across the nation to develop objectives for use in designing such an exercise. The participants in the meeting, held May 20-21, 1999 in Chantilly, Virginia, were invited from jurisdictions large and small representing a broad range of responder disciplines."

  United States. Office of Justice Programs. Office for State and Local Domestic Preparedness Support

  1999
• EA for the Proposed Construction and Operation of a Biosafety Level 3 Facility at LLNL: Appendix A: CDC Guidance and Information on Microorganisms

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  "The information in this appendix is taken from a Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) document which establishes the criteria for each Biosafety Level (BSL) of operation. This document, 'Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories' (CDC 1999), also known as the BMBL, presents the CDC and NIH recommendations and describes the combinations of standard and special microbiological practices, safety equipment, and facilities for Biosafety Level 1-4 laboratories. The BMBL 'guidelines are now accepted as the international 'gold standard' for safely conducting microbiological research.' (BMBL Dedication, CDC 1999)"

  United States. National Nuclear Security Administration

  1999
• Scenario Technology for Planning C2 Exercises

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  "Over the years, military exercises have proven to increase our country's effectiveness in actual missions. However, the exercise planning process is a time consuming activity that can span anywhere from months to years. Scenarios are often used during C2 exercise planning and execution to portray training tasks in the context of real-world situations. Exercise scenarios typically originate as a few high level paragraphs or pages of textual and/or graphical information and evolve into very detailed events as the exercise planning process progresses. The development of a detailed scenario to support an exercise is a time consuming process that often accounts for a large portion of the exercise planning cycle. Thus, there is a need for technology that enhances the exercise planning process by shortening the amount of time it takes to create and validate detailed exercise scenarios against training tasks and available resources. This paper discusses the capabilities of the Air Defense Exercise Planning Tool (ADEPT). The goal of the ADEPT technology is to shorten the exercise planning cycle by providing automated scenario development, analysis and generation capabilities. In addition, the paper addresses current limitations of existing scenario technology, the results of small pilot project and future capabilities for ADEPT."

  Air Force Research Laboratory (Hanscom Air Force Base, Mass.). Information Directorate

  Burns, Carla

  1999
• Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry: FY 1999 Profile and Annual Report

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  "ATSDR [Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry] is the lead public health agency responsible for implementing the health-related provisions of the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA), also known as Superfund. ATSDR's primary goals are to identify people at health risk because of their exposure to hazardous substances in the environment; to evaluate relationships between hazardous substances in the environment and adverse human health outcomes; and to intervene to eliminate exposure of health concern and prevent or mitigate adverse health outcomes related to hazardous substances in the environment. ATSDR accomplishes these goals through its work in four major program areas: (1) health assessment and consultation, (2) toxicological research, (3) health studies, and (4) health education and promotion. This report highlights ATSDR's accomplishments and activities conducted in fiscal year (FY) 1999, with a chapter devoted to each of ATSDR's program areas. These program areas, some key findings, and examples of activities from FY 1999 are summarized below."

  United States. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry

  1999
• Formal Framework and Evaluation Method for Network Denial of Service

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  "Denial of service is becoming a growing concern. As our systems communicate more and more with others that we know less and less, they become increasingly vulnerable to hostile intruders who may take advantage of the very protocols intended for the establishment and authentication of communication to tie up our resources and disable our servers. Since these attacks occur before parties are authenticated to each other, we cannot rely upon enforcement of the appropriate access control policy to protect us (as is recommended in the classic work of Gligor and Millen in [5, 18, 19]). Instead we must build our defenses, as much as possible, into the protocols themselves. This paper shows how some principles that have already been used to make protocols more resistant to denial of service can be formalized, and indicates the ways in which existing cryptographic protocol analysis tools could be modified to operate within this formal framework."

  Naval Research Laboratory (U.S.). Center for High Assurance Computing Systems

  Meadows, Catherine

  1999
• Bi-National Drug Control Strategy 1999: Performance Measures of Effectiveness: Implementation and Findings

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  "The U.S./Mexico Bi-National Drug Threat Assessment issued in May 1997 was the first published joint assessment of the common drug threats facing the United States and Mexico. Responding to the assessment, both countries emphasized their commitment to a coordinated counterdrug effort in a Declaration of Alliance Against Drugs announced by President Clinton and Zedillo in May 1997, in Mexico City. In February 1998, Mexico and the United States published a coordinated strategy for reducing the drug threat in both nations, the US/Mexico Bi-National Drug Strategy. The Strategy identifies actions both countries agree to take to achieve the objectives of the Declaration of Alliance Against Drugs. The current document, the US/Mexico Performance Measures of Effectiveness (PME), is designed as a tool to determine if Mexico and the United States have taken the actions they agreed to take, and if those actions have been effective in achieving the counterdrug objectives of the Strategy. Both Mexico and the United States envision the Strategy and the Threat Assessment as living documents, which must be modified as conditions warrant. The PME will tell us first if we have completed our actions, and second, how the actions contribute to achieving the Strategy objectives. The Action Items that appear in the Strategy sometimes call for unilateral domestic action by the US and/or Mexico. Sometimes they call for coordinated actions, or multilateral action by the US and/or Mexico."

  United States. Office of National Drug Control Policy

  1999
• Disaster Mental Health: Crisis Counseling Programs for the Rural Community

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  "The Crisis Counseling Program, as it has been supported in the past twenty-five years by the Federal government, provides for short-term interventions with individuals and groups experiencing psychological sequelae from Presidentially-declared disasters. This type of intervention involves classic counseling goals of helping people to understand their current situation and reactions, assisting in the review of their options, providing emotional support, and encouraging linkage with other resources and agencies who may assist the individual. The assistance is focused upon helping the person deal with the current situation in which they may find themselves. It draws upon the assumption, until there are contradictory indications, that the individual can resume a productive and fulfilling life following the disaster experience if given support, assistance, and information at a time and in a manner appropriate to his or her experience, education, developmental stage, and ethnicity (CMHS, 1994). The Crisis Counseling Program is unique in comparison to the mix of Federal programs made available through a Presidential disaster declaration. It is the one program for which virtually anyone qualifies and where the person affected by disaster does not have to recall numbers, estimate damages, or otherwise justify need. The program provides primary assistance in dealing with the emotional sequelae to disaster."

  Center for Mental Health Services (U.S.)

  Jackson, Glenn; Cook, Charles G.

  1999
• Crime Mapping News, Spring 1999

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  Crime Mapping News is a quarterly newsletter for GIS, Crime Mapping a Policing. This issues includes a number of articles dealing with GIS/GPS mapping and policing.

  United States. Department of Justice. Office of Community Oriented Policing Services

  1999
• Bombing Incidents: United States, 1973-99

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  This document is a table outlining bombing incidents - known to police, by type of incident and device, value of property damage, and outcome of incident - in the United States from 1973-199.

  United States. Federal Bureau of Investigation

  1999
• Tackling Crime and Other Public Safety Problems: Case Studies in Problem Solving

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  "The authors and editors have developed this collection of case studies, a compilation of the results of police efforts to engage in problem-oriented policing, to address this critical unmet need. These case studies will be useful to those new to the practice of problem-oriented policing (POP), and to those more skilled. The case studies will illustrate for newcomers POP methodology and provide veteran problem-solvers with a body of high-quality efforts to draw upon in their work."

  United States. Department of Justice. Office of Community Oriented Policing Services

  Sampson, Rana; Scott, Michael S.

  1999
• Toolbox for Implementing Restorative Justice and Advancing Community Policing: A Guidebook Prepared for the Office of Community Oriented Policing Services, U.S. Department of Justice

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  "This toolkit provides essential guidance for agencies and individuals seeking to implement restorative justice programs and advance community policing. COPS funded the development of this toolkit to complement the Community Policing, Community Justice and Restorative Justice monograph."

  United States. Department of Justice. Office of Community Oriented Policing Services

  Nicholl, Caroline G.

  1999
• Lessons from Bosnia: The IFOR Experience

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  "This book tells the story of the challenges faced and innovative actions taken by NATO and U.S. personnel to ensure that IFOR [Implementation Force] and Operation Joint Endeavor were military successes. A coherent C4ISR lessons learned story has been pieced together from firsthand experiences, interviews of key personnel, focused research, and analysis of lessons learned reports provided to the National Defense University team."

  Command and Control Research Program (U.S.)

  Wentz, Larry K.

  1999
• FY 1999 Budget Highlights: Federal Drug Control Programs

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  "In total, drug control funding recommended for FY 1999 is $17.1 billion, an increase of $1.1 billion (+6.8%) over the FY 1998 enacted level. FY 1999 funding includes an increase of $491 million for treatment and prevention programs and an increase of $602 million for supply reduction efforts. The largest percentage increase in FY 1999 is for Goal 1 activities which target youth. Goal 1 increases by $256 million (+15%). In FY 1999, new resources are included for a School Counselor Initiative, prevention research, and youth tobacco use prevention."

  United States. Office of National Drug Control Policy

  1999
• CHRIS (Chemical Hazard Response Information System) Manual

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  "The Chemical Hazards Response Information System (CHRIS) is designed to provide information needed for decision-making by responsible Coast Guard personnel during emergencies that occur during the water transport of hazardous chemicals. CHRIS also provides much information that can be used by the Coast Guard in its efforts to achieve better safety procedures and so prevent accidents. CHRIS consists of a handbook or manual, a hazard assessment computer system (HACS), and technical support personnel located at Coast Guard headquarters. These components and their relations to one another are described in Section 2 of this manual."

  United States. Coast Guard

  1999