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• Serial No. 106-260: Computer Security Report Card: Hearing before the Subcommittee on National Security, Veterans Affairs, and International Relations of the Committee on Government Reform, House of Representatives, One Hundred Sixth Congress, Second Session, September 11, 2000

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  Serial No. 106-260: Chairman Steven Horn's opening statement: "We're here today to discuss one of the Federal Government's most important and ongoing challenges, the security of government computers. Computers and the Internet are revolutionizing the way we do business, conduct research and communicate with friends and associates. The benefits are enormous as vast amounts of information flow instantly from business to business and individual to individual, but widespread access to computers and the Internet also carries the significant risk that personal, financial or business information can fall into the hands of computer hackers or others with more malicious intent. Today the subcommittee is releasing its first report card on the status of the computer security at executive branch departments and agencies. These grades are based on self-reported evaluation of agency information, in addition to the results of audits conducted by the General Accounting Office and the various agency inspectors general. This is the first time such governmentwide information has ever been compiled." Other statements, letters and items submitted for the record include those of the following: John R. Dyer, III, John Gilligan, Ira L. Hobbs, Solveig Singleton, John T. Spotila, Mark A. Tanner, Daryl W. White, Joel Willemssen, Stephen Horn, Edward Hugler, and Jim Turner.

  United States. Government Printing Office

  2001
• Serial No. 106-262: Biological Weapon Convention: Status and Implications: Hearing before the Subcommittee of National Security, Veterans Affairs, and International Relations of the Committee on Government Reform, House of Representatitves, One Hundred Sixth Congress, Second Session, September 13, 2000

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  Serial No. 106-262: Hon. Christopher Shay's opening statement: "Prohibitions against the use of toxic and biologic weapons have been found in 2000 year old Sanskrit tracts. From the Middle Ages to the 1925 Geneva Protocol, biological warfare has been justly condemned by the general opinion of the civilized world.The 1972 Biological Weapons Convention [BWC], declares germ warfare repugnant to the conscience of mankind.'' But persistent moral and political proscriptions have not prevented intermittent outbreaks of man-made biological horror... To what extent is the BWC verifiable? When the same microbe and the same equipment can be used to make a life saving vaccine 1 day and a deadly weapon the next, will any protocol prove more than a temporary nuisance to a determined violator? Will the uncertain benefits of a traditional arms control verification system outweigh the certain and substantive burdens on governments and private enterprises conducting legitimate medical research and pharmaceutical production activities?" Statements, letters, and statements for the record include: Donald A. Mahley, Susan Koch, R. Roger Majak, and Jack L. Brock, Jr., and Christopher Shays.

  United States. Government Printing Office

  2001
• Serial No. 107-82: Examining Security at Federal Facilities: Are Atlanta's Federal Employees at Risk: Hearing before the Committee on Government Reform, House of Representatives, One Hundred Seventh Congress, Second Session, April 30, 2002

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  Serial No. 107-82: This study investigates security issues at Federal Facilities and examines the security of Atlanta's Federal Employees: National security after September 11th conjured up questions such as "How safe are we in our federal buildings" and "How great is the risk of a terrorist attack on federal facilities?" Government buildings, for example, are among the most visible institutions in our society by design, and selecting them for attack serves a very distinct purpose. When they attack these institutions the terrorists not only kill, maim, and destroy, but also instill fear that our government is unable to protect us. Testimony and Statements of: Ronald Malfi, John Cooney, Patrick F. Sullivan, Wendell C. Shingler, Sabina Sims, and Bob Barr.

  United States. Government Printing Office

  2001
• Serial No. 107-56: How Secure is Sensitive Commerce Department Data and Operations? A Review of the Department's Computer Security Policies and Practices: Hearing before the Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations of the Committee on Energy and Commerce, House of Representatives, One Hundred Seventh Congress, First Session, August 3, 2001

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  From the opening statement of James C. Greenwood: "We are here today to continue the committee's review of computer security, or lack thereof, as the case may be, at Federal agencies under our jurisdiction. Since 1998, this committee has reviewed computer security policies and practices at the Environmental Protection Agency, the Department of Energy, the Health Care Financing Administration, and today we will be focusing our attention on the Department of Commerce. Today we will hear from information security experts at the General Accounting Office, who at this committee's request conducted an in depth evaluation of the department's management and implementation of computer security at seven of its operating divisions, including the Bureau of Export Administration, the International Trade Administration, the Economics and Statistics Administration, and the Office of the Secretary." Statements, letters, and material submitted for the record include those of the following: Samuel W. Bodman, Robert F. Dacey, and Johnnie E. Frazier.

  United States. Government Printing Office

  2001
• S. Hrg. 106-959: Disposal of Low-Level Radioactive Waste: Hearing before the Committee on Environment and Public Works, United States Senate, One Hundred Sixth Congress, Second Session, July 25, 2000

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  From the opening statement of Robert F. Bennett: "Today's hearing of the full committee on Environment and Public Works will explore current regulatory policies for the disposal of low-level radioactive wastes. Specifically, the committee is concerned about the treatment of wastes that were originally generated at industrial sites involved in our nation's nuclear weapons program. Many of these sites are currently being remediated by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) under the Formerly Utilized Sites Remedial Action Program (FUSRAP)." Statements, letters, and material submitted for the record include those of the following: Robert F. Bennett, Barbara Boxer, Michael D. Crapo, James M. Inhofe, David E. Adelman, Carl Paperiello, Max Scott, Scott Slesinger, Anthony J. Thompson, and Joseph W. Westphal.

  United States. Government Printing Office

  2001
• S. Hrg. 107-14: Nomination of Colin L. Powell to be Secretary of State: Hearing before the Committee on Foreign Relations, United States Senate, One Hundred Seventh Congress, First Session, January 17, 2001.

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  This document contains statements regarding and by General Colin Powell, for consideration by the Foreign Relations Committee, concerning Mr. Powell's nomination for Secretary of State. Statements, letters, additional questions and material submitted for the record include those of the following: George Allen, Joseph R. Biden, Jr., Russell D. Feingold, Chuck Hagel, Jesse Helms, Colin L. Powell, John W. Warner, Richard Lugar, Gordon Smith, Paul Wellstone, Barbara Boxer, Robert Torricelli, and Olympia Snowe.

  United States. Government Printing Office

  2001
• Electric Transmission Policy: Regional Transmission Organizations, Open Access, and Federal Jurisdiction: Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Energy and Air Quality of the Committee on Energy and Commerce, House of Representatives One Hundred Seventh Congress, First Session, October 10, 2001

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  "The open access provision and the discussion draft are equal to what was in the Electricity Restructuring legislation in 2944 in the last Congress. There is a way to ensure equal terms and conditions for transmission access while retaining the unique characteristics of public power and coops. Now I want to pursue that, but I also want to make sure that all who depend upon transmission lines to sell power in the wholesale markets or to purchase wholesale power for their consumers can gain the proper access to the bulk power transmission network. Finally, we're going to welcome witness testimony on the jurisdiction issue. Who should have jurisdiction over the transmission component of a bundled retail sale? This issue is wrapped up in the RTO debate and it may be that members solve this issue when we decide about RTOs. The Supreme Court just last week heard arguments on jurisdiction. I believe that the Congress should step in and provide clarity to the law if a consensus is possible. I want an appropriate role for the States, but I do think that we need a less bulkanized system". Testimony of: John Anderson, James Bennett, David Cook, Glenn English, Peter Esposito, Peter Flynn, Roger Fontes, Allen Franklin, Marc Gerken, Phillip Harris, Robert Johnston, Marty Kanner, Robert Nordhaus, Alan Schriber, James Steffes, Stanley Szwed, Charles Trabandt, Michael Travieso, and Andrew Vesey.

  United States. Government Printing Office

  2001
• Renewable Fuels: Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Rural Enterprises, Agriculture, and Technology of the Committee on Small Business, House of Representatives One Hundred Seventh Congress, First Session, Washington, DC, July 24, 2001

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  "Today's hearing has been called to discuss the issue of renewable energy and its importance in solving our Nation's energy crisis. The subcommittee will explore the ways in which Congress can help to create a more productive environment for the use of renewable fuels. Renewable fuels play a productive role in improving our national energy security by providing stable, homegrown renewable energy supplies. Renewable energy can take many forms from ethanol and biodiesel to wind and hydroelectric power, to power generated by the Earth and sun. To promote the increased use and availability of renewable fuels, I have introduced two bills to make it easier for producers to market renewable fuels. The first bill, H.R. 2423, the Renewable Fuels for Energy Security Act of 2001 calls for renewable fuels such as ethanol and biodiesel to play a larger role in America's transportation fuel market. The bill sets a national fuel standard, not a gallon-by-gallon mandate, and will not force a level of compliance in places where compliance may be difficult. It is important to note that this bill does not attempt to alter the Clean Air Act of 1990. The Clean Air Act mandates the use of renewable fuels and requires gasoline to contain cleaner-burning additives, called fuel oxygenates, primarily ethanol or MTBE, a methanol- based additive which has since been found to be harmful to groundwater. With MTBE now prohibited in 11 States and probably more in the near future, ethanol and biodiesel are the most viable options for abiding by the mandates of the Clean Air Act. To enhance national security and improve the quality of our air, H.R. 2423 gradually increases the market share for renewable fuels to 2 percent by 2008, 3 percent by 2011 and 5 percent by 2016. The United States Department of Agriculture estimates that for every gallon of ethanol produced domestically, we displace 7 gallons of imported oil. Today, ethanol is estimated to reduce our demand for foreign imported oil by 98,000 barrels per day. A 3 percent market share for ethanol and biodiesel would displace about 9 billion gallons of gasoline annually or between 500,000 and 600,000 barrels of crude oil a day, the amount we now import from Iraq. To help promote the use of ethanol as a renewable fuel, I have introduced H.R. 1636, which would make ethanol cooperatives eligible for the current small producer ethanol tax credit. Under current law, a small ethanol producer is eligible for an income tax credit of 10 cents per gallon, up to 15 million gallons of production. H.R. 1636 expands eligibility for the credit to producers whose annual ethanol production capacity is below 60 million gallons. Current trends in South Dakota indicate that co-ops are building larger ethanol plants with production capacities of 40 to 60 million gallons. Through this tax credit, a co-op that produces 15 million gallons could pass along $1.5 million to its members". Witnesses include: Bob Dinneen, Guy Donaldson, Ron Heck, Conn Abnee, and Megan Smith.

  United States. Government Printing Office

  2001
• S. Hrg. 107-120: Oversight of the Food Safety and Inspection Service: Hearing before the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry, United States Senate, One Hundred Seventh Congress, First Session, March 22, 2001

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  From the opening statement of Richard J. Lugar: "This hearing is to explore the concerns generated by reports of retaliation against Federal employees who reported or pursued allegations of mismanagement or corruption that may have led to widespread abuse of the meat inspection system. This hearing is not a conclusion on the part of the Senate Agriculture, Nutrition and Forestry Committee, but rather an important component of a continuing, vigorous, ongoing oversight on behalf of consumers." Statements, letters, and material submitted for the record include those of the following: Richard G. Lugar, Tom Harkin, Wayne Allard, Benjamin E. Nelson, Billy Thomas, Roger C. Viadero, and an article from the New York Times: "U.S. Officials Investigate Meat Safety in New York and New Jersey".

  United States. Government Printing Office

  2001
• How to Plan for Workplace Emergencies and Evacuations

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  Nobody expects an emergency or disaster - especially one that affects them, their employees, and their business personally. Yet the truth is that emergencies and disasters can strike anyone, anytime, and anywhere. You and your employees could be forced to evacuate your company when you least expect it. This booklet is designed to help you, the employer, plan for that possibility. The best way to protect yourself, your workers, and your business is to expect the unexpected and develop a well thought-out emergency action plan to guide you when immediate action is necessary.

  United States. Occupational Safety and Health Administration

  Henshaw, John L.

  2001
• Improving Public Safety Communications in the 800 MHz Band: Consolidating the 900 MHz Industrial/Land Transportation and Business Pool Channels

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  In this Notice of Proposed Rule Making (NPRM), we solicit proposals on how best to remedy interference to 800 MHz public safety systems consistent with minimum disruption to our existing licensing structure and assurance of sufficient spectrum for critical public safety communications. We also seek comment on a Petition for Rule Making filed by the Personal Communications Industry Association (PCIA) seeking amendment of Section 90.621 of the Commission's Rules. Finally, incorporating the record in WT Docket No. 99-87, which deals with matters related to the Balanced Budget Act of 1997,4 we request comment on the terms and conditions of licenses in the 900 MHz land mobile band if it is used to relocate displaced licensees.

  United States. Federal Communications Commission

  2001
• First Class Outfit: The 311th Quartermaster Company on Duty at the Pentagon

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  Article on the Army Reserve's 311th Quartermaster Company (Mortuary Affairs) from Aguadilla, Puerto Rico, and their efforts to sift through the rubble from the terrorist attack on the Pentagon, looking for remains of the victims of the attack.

  United States. Army Reserve

  Pullen, Randy

  2001
• Intelligent Transportation Systems Public Safety Program: Opportunities for Technological Advancement in Detecting, Responding, and Recovering from Community Emergencies

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  During the summer and fall of 2000, a group of high level public safety and transportation officials were brought together by the US Department of Transportations (USDOT) Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) Program to consider the interaction between transportation and public safety and discuss opportunities for using new technologies to enhance community safety. This report presents some important ideas that came out of this discussion and describes a new Federal initiative, the ITS Public Safety Program, which is taking shape to put these concepts into action.

  United States. Department of Transportation

  2001
• How to Respond to an Anthrax Threat in a Mail Center

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  The mail center is a major gateway into any business or government agency. Each day, the typical mail center handles hundreds or thousands of packages from routine letters to confidential documents, high value parcels, and even money. Despite this, many managers overlook security and training for this critical nerve center. An effective mail center security program should have two components, a plan for what to do in a common situation and training for all employees. This training module will give you, the Mail Manager, the tools to prepare your staff for how to respond to an anthrax threat in a mail center.

  United States. General Services Administration. Office of Governmentwide Policy

  2001
• Information Edge: Imagery Intelligence and Geospatial Information in an Evolving National Security Environment

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  In 1999 Congress requested that an independent commission be formed to review the National Imagery and Mapping Agency, or NIMA. This report documents the commission's finding and recommendations, some of which need to be addressed by the defense and intelligence leadership, and others by NIMA. NIMA's mission is complex and daunting. Strong leadership support from both Intelligence and Defense as well as timely implementation of the enclosed recommendations is essential if NIMA is to meet the needs of the national security community in the coming years.

  United States. National Imagery and Mapping Agency

  2000-12
• Transportation Security Enhancement Act of 2001

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  This document summarizes the Transportation Security Enhancement Act of 2001, which establishes the Transportation Security Administration (TSA), an inter-modal security administration within the Department of Transportation. It is headed by an Under Secretary of Transportation to be appointed by the President for a five-year term. This document presents terms of the screener workforce and screener fees, as well as the Federal Air Marshal Program and other enhanced security measures.

  United States. Congress. House. Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure

  2001
• Detecting Concealed Weapons: Technology Research at the National Institute of Justice

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  Knowing what is being brought into a facility is critical to keeping that facility secure. Unfortunately, those attempting to bring contraband in are not particularly forthcoming about their efforts. They will hide, sneak and lie to get their packages through; and when the packages contain weapons, finding out may be a matter of life and death. Recognizing the severity of the threat that offenders with concealed weapons pose to corrections and law enforcement officials, as well as the public, President Clinton directed DOJ to develop better technologies and create standards and guidelines for available technologies. In response, DOJ, through the National Institute of Justice (NIJ), initiated the Infrastructure Protection Program to address this need. The program began in 1994 with a look at the problem of concealed weapons and has since expanded to study other types of weapons. This document identifies newly developed research and technologies into improved concealed weapons detections for use by corrections and criminal justice professionals.

  National Institute of Justice (U.S.)

  Nacci, Peter L.; Mockensturm, Lee

  2001
• OSHA Office Evacuates

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  This document describes how the employees at the Occupational Safety and Health Administration's (OSHA) Manhattan Area Office evacuated from their building before the Twin Towers collapsed on September 11. The document concludes that recognizing the importance of emergency evacuation drills is very important in today's world. "I always used to think they were a pain. You'd be sitting there in the middle of a project or typing up something and have to stop and leave the building. It always felt like a major inconvenience," said Mike Mabee. "But now I know differently. Now I know that it can help save your life."

  United States. Occupational Safety and Health Administration

  2001
• Curatorial Health and Safety

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  This chapter has information on occupational health and safety hazards that are unique to the museum work environment. You will find guidance to assist you in ensuring a healthful and safe curatorial environment. Appendix H has additional information on laws, regulations, policies, and guidelines on the NPS health and safety program.

  United States. National Park Service

  2001
• Nuclear Energy Security Issues in the Post-September 11 World: Physical Security, Safety, Reliability of Supply: Remarks of Chairman Richard A. Meserve, United States Regulatory Commission, before th Sociedad Nuclear Espanola (Spanish Nuclear Society), Valencia, Spain, 26 October 2001

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  Just last year, King Juan Carlos I and Queen Sofia visited Washington. The date was February 23 -- the anniversary of the day, now 20 years ago, when the King courageously and selflessly rescued Spanish democracy. As I am sure you know, he won the enduring gratitude and admiration not only of his own countrymen and women, but of people all over the world who cherish liberty. On the eve of the King's arrival in Washington, ETA terrorists ruthlessly murdered a member of the Basque regional parliament in the presence of his own son. They also murdered one of his escorts. Speaking in Washington the next day, the King denounced the crime, and he uttered a profound warning. He said "terrorism is a scourge that affects each and every one of us and, to fight against it, democratic societies must join efforts and necessarily strengthen the indispensable international cooperation." At the time, most people in my country probably did not fully appreciate just how urgent that message was. We surely do today. The King also commented that the terrorists, in murdering an elected parliament member, were really attacking the democratic process that chose him. Again, his remarks were prophetic. The September 11 terrorists, in ruthlessly attacking ordinary men and women, were really waging war on freedom itself, on the whole idea of a democratic, egalitarian, open society.

  U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission

  Meserve, Richard A.

  2001
• Nuclear Security Issues in the Post-September 11 Environment: Dr. Richard A. Meserve, Chairman, United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission, before the Institute of Nuclear Power Operations, Atlanta, Gerogia, November 8, 2001

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  The protection of licensed facilities against sabotage is by no means a new issue for the NRC or its licensees, as you well know. For decades, security against sabotage has been an important part of the NRC's regulatory activities and our licensee's responsibilities, applying defense in depth as the guiding principle. This begins at the design stage, with facilities that are capable of withstanding many of the challenges that either safety events or safeguards events, such as armed assaults, might bring to bear. Nuclear facilities are among the most robustly built structures in existence. Secondly, we require careful background checks to minimize the risk of insider assistance and have access controls, delay barriers, and intrusion detection systems to detect and deter potential attackers. Thirdly, we require that licensees be able to respond with force to a group of armed attackers using protective strategies involving layers of defense. This system of multiple protections has long been in place. But that is not sufficient reason for assuming that "business as usual" is an acceptable response to the events of September 11. What occurred on that date was an attack by suicidal terrorists bent on maximizing damage in the course of their own self-destruction. September 11 has served as a wake-up call to America about the threat of terrorist attacks. I am sure that all of you in the nuclear industry are particularly aware of the heightened public sensitivity to the possible vulnerability of nuclear plants in this changed environment.

  U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission

  Meserve, Richard A.

  2001
• Organizational Design Principles for Countering Terrorism in the United States

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  Recent terrorist activities (the World Trade Center bombing, the Oklahoma Federal Building bombing, the release of Sarin Gas in the Tokyo subway, etc.) have focused the national leadership on the topic of terrorism inside the borders of the United States. In response, two Presidential Decision Directives (PDD-62 and PDD-63) were issued to help define the terrorist threat and recommend a counter- terrorism organization in the federal government. However, the directives do not determine how the Federal government works with state and local authorities. The directives also do not focus on local, state, and federal capabilities to preempt a possible terrorist attack. This thesis builds a organizational framework of the U. S. counter-terrorism environment; explains the current U. S. counter-terrorism structure from a local perspective; develops a set of principles that could be used by any local or federal agency to develop a new or more efficient counter-terrorism organization; assesses two domestic counter-terrorism organizations; and proffers specific recommendations on how U. S. counter-terrorism organizations and programs could be more efficient.

  Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)

  Mingus, Matthew C.; Orman, Richard D.

  2000-12
• National Security Strategy and National Interests: Quantity or Quality?

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  The national security strategy (NSS), National Securitv Stratew for a New Century, published in December 1999, categorizes national interests as vital, important, and humanitarian and other interests. Although all three, as defined within the context of national interests, have relative merit for US national security, the classification of national interests is not necessary. The Bush administration should take this opportunity to formulate a coherent NSS that is based on the realities of the post-Cold War international community and more importantly, conduct a careful assessment of what strategy would be most suitable to defend clearly defined vital interests and subsequently, the nation's security. To accomplish the task of formulating a coherent NSS, the administration should accomplish three separate yet inextricably linked tasks to facilitate an integrated implementation with all agencies of the executive branch. First, eliminate the categorization of national interests and only identify those that are vital to the security of the United States. Second, assess the geo-strategic environment and its potential implications on the successful integrated implementation of the NSS. Third, create an organization, other than the National Security Council (NSC), to function as the executive agent tasked with effectively coordinating the integrated implementation of the NSS.

  Army War College (U.S.)

  Mercado, Leo A.

  2001
• What the National Energy Strategy Means for the Nuclear Power Industry: Remarks of Dr. Richard A. Meserve, Chairman, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, before the Energy Investor Policy & Regulation Conference, New York City, December 4, 2001

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  In the aftermath of the attacks, many immediately asked about the consequences if a large airliner, fully loaded with jet fuel, had crashed into a nuclear power plant. We had to say candidly that we were not sure. We know that reactor containments are extremely robust, that nuclear plants benefit from redundant safety equipment, that operators are trained to respond to unusual events and that carefully designed emergency plans are in place. Nuclear power plants are certainly far more capable to respond to an aircraft attack than other civilian infrastructure. But the NRC had never previously had reasons to perform a detailed engineering analysis of the consequences of a deliberate attack by a large airliner. We are performing those analyses today. Certainly the various steps to improve air security generally should serve to reduce any current risk. Since long before September 11th, the NRC has required the operators of nuclear power plants to have in place a strong defense to other types of possible terrorist attacks. Although the details are understandably classified, this typically involves a fenced perimeter, intrusion detection devices, access barriers, heavily armed and carefully trained guard forces, and a comprehensive defensive strategy. This program is subject to comprehensive NRC regulatory requirements and detailed inspection, including periodic force-on-force exercises. Nuclear power plants have long had defensive capabilities that far exceed those of other civilian infrastructure.

  U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission

  Meserve, Richard A.

  2001
• Letter to The Honorable Harry Reid, United States Senate, from Richard A. Meserve, Chairman, Nuclear Regulatory Commission, November 28, 2001

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  This letter highlights the extensive focus on the security of the nuclear facilities the NRC regulates. The NRC has worked around the clock to ensure security at those facilities, which launched a top-to-bottom review of their security requirements. Enclosed is a list of fundamental difficulties in regards to the enactment of The Nuclear Security Act of 2001.

  U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission

  Meserve, Richard A.

  2001
• Helping the Civilian Community: The Improved Response Program

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  "Attempting to enhance the overall preparedness of civilian emergency responders and managers to respond and mitigate the consequences of a chemical/biological threat is priority one in security measures. As the threat of chemical and biological attack increases, new pressures are pressing security personnel to adapt and find lasting solutions. This document outlines some previous chemical and biological terrorist attacks, as well as profiling concerns that could come with a large scale chemical attack."

  Edgewood Chemical Biological Center

  Fedele, Paul D.; Mughal, Mohamed A.

  2001
• Counterintelligence Reader: Post-World War II to Closing the 20th Century, Volume 3

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  This document is part of a four-volume account of the history and evolution of U.S. Counterintelligence. The volumes were prepared for the now-defunct National Counterintelligence Center (NACIC). Volume three surveys post-WWII atom bomb spies up to the latest espionage cases. Chapter one deals with Cold War counterintelligence. Chapter two discusses counterintelligence in the turbulent 1960s and 1970s. Chapter three examines the 1980s - the decade of the spy. Finally, chapter four examines counterintelligence at the end of the 20th century.

  National Counterintelligence Center (U.S.)

  Rafalko, Frank J.

  2001
• European Security and Defense Policy: A European Trojan Horse

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  "The collective security of Europe has been evolving since World War II. Since then NATO, a U.S.-led coalition of Allied forces has provided for the collective defense of both the U.S. and Europe. During this time, eleven of the NATO member-nations, along with four additional non-NATO nations, have evolved into a separate collective, economic and political, entity -- the European Union (EU). The European Union will enact an international agenda in favor of its member-nations. A capable military force is needed to empower a successful international agenda. To meet that need, the EU has initiated measures via its European Security and Defense Policy (ESDP) to establish a Europe-only military force. The ESDP empowers the European Union and concurrently risks precipitating a break with the 50 year-old link that binds the U.S. and Europe - a break with NATO. NATO could possibly dissolve if NATO's European member-nations depart the alliance in favor of the EU. The dissolution of NATO could have national security consequences for the United States."

  Army War College (U.S.)

  Jung, Richard G., Sr.

  2001
• Adopting the Brigadier General (Retired) Huba Wass de Czege Model of Defeat Mechanisms Based on Historical Evidence and Current Need

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  "This monograph introduces a model of defeat mechanisms that could help establish a common, useful framework for planning. Brigadier General (Retired) Huba Wass de Czege's experience and study have shown him that three basic defeat mechanisms exist, each with a distinct historical foundation, and each with advantages and disadvantages based upon the situation they are employed. Attrition, dislocation, and disintegration are the three defeat mechanisms from his model, and they may be employed independently or in combination. Attrition emphasizes the physical dimension of warfare and the enemy sources of power. The destruction must take place at a higher rate than the enemy can recover. Dislocation orients on the enemy's leadership, rendering his plans and options irrelevant; rapidly changing the conditions so that the enemy cannot seize the initiative. Finally, disintegration focuses on the state of mind of enemy combatants, attacking the will of soldiers to resist eroding the cohesion and teamwork of the enemy. These defeat mechanisms should be included in doctrinal publications that discuss planning operations. A widely understood, common terminology about how the commander desires to defeat his opponent will help planner's select decisive points that achieve the commander s intent."

  U.S. Army Command and General Staff College

  DeLancey, Douglas J.

  2001
• Counterintelligence Reader: American Revolution to World War II, Volume 1

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  This document is part of a four-volume account of the history and evolution of U.S. Counterintelligence. The volumes were prepared for the now-defunct National Counterintelligence Center (NACIC). Volume one provides an account of counterintelligence (CI) from the American Revolution to World War II. Chapter one details the American Revolution and the Post-Revolutionary era. Chapter two examines the Civil War and the lack of a centralized direction during this time. Chapter three discusses the post Civil War Era to World War I. Finally, chapter four examines counterintelligence between the wars.

  National Counterintelligence Center (U.S.)

  Rafalko, Frank J.

  2001