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Naturalization Procedures: Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Immigration and Refugee Affairs of the Committee on the Judiciary, United States Senate, One Hundredth Congress, First Session on Proposed Legislation to Modify Immigration and Naturalization Requirements, June 15, 1989
From the opening statement of the Hon. Paul Simon, a U.S. Senator from the State of Illinois: "Today's hearing resumes the Subcommittee's continuing review of proposals for immigration reform - our effort to make our immigration lavs more faithfully serve our immigration needs as well as reflect our national interest. Major immigration reform is moving once again in Congress. A bill which I cosponsored with Senator Simpson, and worked on with Senator Simon, has already been adopted by the Judiciary Committee last week and will soon be ready for consideration by the full Senate. During the course of our discussions on that legislation, we reviewed a number of proposals to alter the requirements for naturalization. One, proposed by Senator Simon, would reduce the length of residency for naturalization from five years to three years. During our discussions this seemed to be a modest and reasonable proposal, with Justifiable objectives. It would reduce waiting periods and perhaps encourage earlier naturalization and greater participation in citizenship by new immigrants. It would facilitate earlier family reunification under our immigration system. And both Canada and Australia - the other large immigrant receiving nations, have adopted the three year requirement. But it was equally obvious that not a great deal of thought had been given to this question as a policy option in recent years. The Select Commission on Immigration and Refugee Policy, whose recommendations have formed the basis for all recent immigration reform, did not even look at this issue during its deliberations. And it has not been raised during any of our immigration debates - not only in recent years, but not even during the landmark changes made in the 1965 Act reforms." Additional materials submitted to the record by the following: Elliott Barkan, Alan C. Nelson, Harry Pachon, Paul Simon, Alan K. Simpson, Reed Ueda, Erich Pratt, Michael S. Teitelbaum, and Joseph R. Biden.
United States. Government Printing Office
1990
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Tri-State Hurricane Property Loss and Contingency Planning Study Phase II: Executive Summary and Technical Data Report
This report presents the results of the Phase II of a two-phase program designed to demonstrate the effectiveness of various property damage mitigation measures from such storms along the central Gulf coast. This Phase II study was designed to assist local planners and decision makers with preparing local mitigation plans for their areas so that future damages to public and private property can be greatly reduced. The full report from phase I of this study series is also available on LLIS.gov.
United States. Army. Corps of Engineers
1990-01
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Statistical Report United States Attorneys Office: Fiscal Year 1990
The charts and tables presented in this report reflect a statistical summary of the matters and cases handled by the United States Attorneys for fiscal year 1990.
Executive Office for U.S. Attorneys
1990?
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Scientific Evidence in Courts-Martial: From the General Acceptance Standard to the Relevancy Approach
In courts-martial today, the use of a wide variety of scientific evidence has become routine. Counsel for either side may offer fingerprint or blood type evidence to indicate identity. Trial counsel use chemical analysis of blood or urine to prove recent drug use or intoxication. Behavioral analysis of victims is presented routinely as evidence of rape trauma or battered child syndrome. Truthfulness, or the lack thereof, theoretically can be demonstrated by polygraph examinations. The use of other newer types of scientific evidence someday may become just as routine. Apparently, scientists can now provide identity to nearly a mathematical certainty using DNA analysis. The use of radioimmunoassay analysis of hair suggests that drug usage can be detected for months, even years, after ingestion. As science advances, ever more creative means of producing evidence undoubtedly will be developed. In recent years the standard for the admissibility of scientific evidence in courts-martial has undergone significant change. This change can be described as the replacement of the general acceptance standard with the relevancy approach. The purpose of this article is to examine the development and acceptance of the relevancy approach in the federal and military courts, analyze its meaning, and attempt to provide a working model for its application in courts-martial. However, before turning to that approach an understanding of its predecessor, the general acceptance standard, is necessary. The underlying rationale for the general acceptance theory remains a consideration under the relevancy approach
Judge Advocate General's Legal Center and School (United States. Army)
Schmitt, Michael N.; Hatfield, Steven Arnold
1990
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National Center for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: PTSD Research Quarterly [Spring 1990]
"Our inaugural issue of the PTSD [Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder] Research Quarterly contains an overview of articles that appeared during 1989. In this regard, it differs somewhat from future issues, which will focus on specific topic areas such as theory, biology, epidemiology, assessment/diagnosis, treatment, cross-cultural issues, and risk factors. Editorial choices were based largely on scientific merit, but other factors, such as an article's interest to the field, also influenced selection. In some cases we have included descriptive and clinical papers on important questions that we hope will be addressed rigorously in future research protocols. The 18 papers from 1989 abstracted in the following pages demonstrate the breadth and diversity of recent PTSD publications. In addition, we present (on pages 5-7) an additional 27 citations, as an annotated bibliography that should also interest our readers."
National Center for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (U.S.)
Friedman, Matthew J.
1990
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Biological Aspects of PTSD: Laboratory and Clinical Research
"All research reviewed in this issue of the PTSD [Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder] Research Quarterly concerns laboratory and clinical findings on biological aspects of PTSD. In addition to abstracts and citations of peer-reviewed articles published since 1988, we have included citations of important papers presented at national scientific meetings during the past year. While recognizing the considerable difference between peer-reviewed and other data, we believe that PTSD researchers may benefit from our publicizing selected unpublished results. Because the 41 selected abstracts and citations are listed separately and because both lists are alphabetized, designated abstracts will be indicated by 'A' (e.g., van der Kolk et al., A), whereas citations will be indicated by 'C' (e.g., Kudler et al., C). [...] We conclude by citing three additional drug trials of interest. Famularo et al. (A) demonstrated the efficacy of propanolol with an off-on-off design in 11 children with PTSD. Wolf et al. (C) reported on two successful open trials of the anticonvulsant carbamazepine in combat veterans with PTSD and related those results to the kindling hypothesis of PTSD, and McDougle et al. (C) presented data on a successful open trial of fluoxetine, noting that global improvement was especially related to reduction of PTSD avoidant symptoms."
National Center for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (U.S.)
Schnurr, Paula P.; Friedman, Matthew J.
1990
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Epidemiology of Post-traumatic Stress Disorder: Some Comments and Concerns
This article on Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) examines the extensiveness of PTSD, and deficiencies in research material published on the topic. From the article: "Studies of the prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder have appeared in the research literature with increasing frequency over the past ten years. These studies, while focusing often on the prevalence of PTSD in combat (e.g., Kulka et al., 1990), have also examined the rate of this disorder in the general population (Helzer et al., 1987), among survivors of a natural disaster (e.g., Mt. St. Helens; Shore et al., 1986), a technological disaster (e.g., Buffalo Creek; Gleser et al., 1981), and criminal victimization (e.g., Kilpatrick et al., 1985). In each study persistent mental health disturbance has been found among some of the people who have endured an extreme life experience. The purpose of this article on epidemiology is to provide a conceptual framework for understanding the findings on the prevalence of PTSD and to comment on some of the shortcomings of research in this area."
National Center for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (U.S.)
Keane, Terence Martin
1990
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New Storm Surge Atlas for the Pamlico Sound, North Carolina Area
"The purpose of this atlas is to provide maps from a numerical storm surge model that calculates the height of sea, lake, and overland surges from hurricanes (SLOSH), and extent of flood inundation [for the Pamlico Sound, North Carolina Area]. All of these are calculated for various combinations of hurricane strength, forward speed of storm, and direction of storm motion."
National Hurricane Center (2012- )
1990
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S. Rept. 101-236: Oversight Over Intelligence Activities, Report, January 29, 1990
"The Committee feels it is important to enhance the public's confidence in U.S. Intelligence oversight through a comprehensive proves of Congressional oversight of the Intelligence Community's activities. Since so much of our work is conducted in secret, the job of reporting to the Senate and the nation is far more difficult than is the task of other oversight committees of the Congress. The Committee continued to increase its oversight activities during the 99th Congress, ending the year with the preliminary investigation into the Iran-Contra affair. These 47 hearings consumed 103 hours. The Committee then issued its unclassified report entitled 'Preliminary Investigation into the Sale of Arms to Iran and Possible Diversion of Funds to the Nicaraguan Resistance' during the 100th Congress. Two unclassified reports were also published during the 99th Congress. The first, dealing with counterintelligence, was entitled 'Meeting the Espionage Challenge'; the second covered the special events in the Philippines and was called 'Crisis in the Philippines'. The following pages go into some detail on the primary issues that came before the Committee during the two years of the 99th Congress."
United States. Government Printing Office
1990-01-29
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Exxon Valdez Oil Spill and the National Park Service: A Report on the Initial Response
"What it touches. Unlike a fire, which requires a constant combination of fuel, oxygen, and heat, spilled oil is always present and must be physically removed. This comes about either through dispersion by the forces of nature or by the intervention of humans. What follows is the story of how the National Park Service (NPS) responded, in the first several weeks after the disaster, to the largest oil spill to occur in North America. The initial response reflected the urgent nature of the threat and injuries presented to the land the Service manages for the American people. The NPS will be responding to resource damage, legal ramifications, and other consequences for what may be years to come. Some investigations were only beginning as the first phase of the incident ended. The activities described in this report represent only the first phase. One federal agency refers to this type of historic narrative as a 'Contemporary Historical Examination of Current Operations.' Although this contemporary historical examination, underway almost from the beginning of the incident until the first phase ended with the departure of the field teams in the fall, has certain limitations, it also offers particular advantages. Such histories leave records that historians can later reinterpret with the broader perspectives that come with the passage of time. They also can help an organization prepare for future challenges. The report focuses on the use of the Incident Command System, an existing mechanism for managing federal agency response to fires. The system was applied in Alaska, for the first time, to a different kind of environmental disaster."
United States. National Park Service
Hanable, William S.
1990
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Identifying Insurgent Infrastructure
From the thesis abstract: "This monograph examines the nature of insurgent infrastructure and methods of identifying it. It uses a Communist mass-base insurgency as a context. The research hypothesis is that current doctrine and service school curricula do not adequately meet the educational needs of analysts or advisors prior to commitment in operational areas today. The study defines and examines insurgent infrastructure at the local level, and establishes its primacy in the conduct of an insurgency. It describes the use of generic insurgency models, then operational area models in educating personnel prior to deployment. Using the Intelligence Cycle as a framework, it expands on intelligence doctrine for identifying insurgent cells. It incorporates police intelligence techniques and discusses the operation and administration of an intelligence analysis center. The monograph closes with considerations for targeting and neutralizing infrastructure members."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College. School of Advanced Military Studies
Horris, James A.
1990?
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Storm Surge Atlas for the Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island and Buzzards Bay, Massachusetts Area
The purpose of this atlas is to provide maps of SLOSH-modeled heights or storm surge and extent of flood inundation, for various combinations of hurricane strength, forward speed of storm and direction of storm motion. The maps in this atlas summarize the surge calculations made using the SLOSH model, when initialized with observed values in the region centered on Narragansett Bay, RI and Buzzards Bay, MA.
United States. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
1990-01-01?
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Eruption of Redoubt Volcano, Alaska, December 14, 1989-August 31, 1990
"The 1989-90 eruption of Redoubt Volcano, 177 km southwest of Anchorage, Alaska, began on December 14, 1989, less than 24 hours after a swarm of earthquakes struck beneath the volcano. A huge cloud of ash heralded the volcano's fourth and most damaging eruption of this century. Volcanic ash generated by numerous explosive episodes from December 1989 through April 1990 caused significant damage to aircraft, severely disrupted air traffic above southern Alaska, and resulted in local power outages and school closures. The explosions produced hot, fast-moving clouds of ash, rock debris, and gas (pyroclastic flows) that swept across Redoubt's heavily glaciated north flank. These events triggered massive debris flows in Drift River valley that threatened an oil tanker terminal near the river's mouth. Partial flooding of the terminal compound on two occasions forced authorities to modify its operating procedures, which temporarily curtailed oil production from 10 platforms in Cook Inlet. The damage and loss of revenue from ash and debris flows are estimated to total more than $100 million, which makes this the second most costly volcanic eruption in the history of the United States, exceeded only by the 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens in Washington."
United States. Department of the Interior; Geological Survey (U.S.)
Brantley, Steven R.
1990
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Threat of Terrorism and Government Responses to Terrorism, Hearing Before the Committee on Governmental Affairs, United States Senate, One Hundred First Congress, First Session, September 11, 1989
From the opening statement of Joseph I. Lieberman: "These hearings were planned and worked on last spring, when what one of the witnesses refers to as the episodic nature of terrorism was at a lull. Recent events, including the revelation of the killing of Lieutenant Colonel Higgins, threats to other American hostages held in the Middle East, and now the possible threat of terrorist retaliation from international drug cartels, which we are taking on, shows us again that the threat of terrorism is real and makes this exercise of this Committee's governmental oversight functions relevant and important. We appear to be entering a new era in our foreign relations, an era in which the defense of our national security may have to be redefined. The most serious threats to our security may no longer come from Soviet attack, particularly Soviet nuclear attack, but instead from assaults by renegade nations, the international drug cartel and terrorists groups. Those certainly have been the sources of the most serious losses that we have suffered in recent years. Terrorists have blown up a United States jet over Scotland, kidnapped and killed Americans in the Middle East, and murdered U.S. missionaries in Latin America. […] The purpose of the hearing today is to explore the terrorist threat to United States interests today and in the near future, and to ask how well our Government is prepared to meet that threat." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Joseph I. Lieberman, John Glenn, William S. Cohen, Brian Michael Jenkins, Robert H. Kupperman, Morris D. Busby, Oliver B. Revell, Stansfield Turner, and Joe Barton.
United States. Government Printing Office
1990
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Fire Management Notes (Vol.51 No.4)
This is Volume 51, No.4 of Fire Management Notes, a quarterly periodical devoted to the technique of forest fire control, produced by the U.S. Forest Service.
United States. Forest Service
1990
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Fire Management Notes (Vol.51 No.1)
This is Volume 51, No.1 of Fire Management Notes, a quarterly periodical devoted to the technique of forest fire control, produced by the U.S. Forest Service.
United States. Forest Service
1990
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Fire Management Notes (Vol.51 No.3)
This is Volume 51, No.3 of Fire Management Notes, a quarterly periodical devoted to the technique of forest fire control, produced by the U.S. Forest Service.
United States. Forest Service
1990
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Fire Management Notes (Vol.51 No.2)
This is Volume 51, No.2 of Fire Management Notes, a quarterly periodical devoted to the technique of forest fire control, produced by the U.S. Forest Service.
United States. Forest Service
1990
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Assessment of Ground-Water Contamination from a Leaking Underground Storage Tank at a Defense Supply Center near Richmond, Virginia
From the Purpose and Scope: "This report documents the efforts of the U.S. Geological Survey to describe the ground-water contamination at the PX Service Station [post-exchange gasoline station] at the Defense General Supply Center (DGSC), near Richmond, Virginia. The report presents preliminary site, risk, and remediation assessments, which include information on the hydrogeology, ground water, surface water, water use, characteristics and release of the contaminants, and occurrence of subsurface conduits (storm and sanitary sewers) in the vicinity of the study area. The risk assessment identifies possible receptors to the contamination and discusses concentrations of contaminants reported in the ground water. The remediation assessment discusses the need and feasibility of remediation of the contaminated ground water. Plausible alternative technologies to remediate the site are identified."
Geological Survey (U.S.)
Wright, Winfield G.; Powell, John D. (John Duane), 1944-
1990
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Data Security and Integrity in Open Networks: A Prototype Implementation of Internet Standard Privacy-Enhanced Electronic Mail
"Data security and integrity are crucial issues for virtually every private corporation and government agency using data communications networks to transfer information from one point to another. This is especially true for agencies which employ distributed databases, electronic mail, and electronic funds transfers in their everyday activities. For most agencies, information is an asset to which value can be attributed, and the loss of assets which accompany the loss (through disclosure) of information can indeed be great. In this paper, a prototype implementation of a proposed standard for providing data security and integrity in an electronic mail system will be presented. The paper begins by examining some of the threats to data integrity and security in computers and networks. Next, methods of protecting against such threats are reviewed, and one method, data encryption, will be shown as having widespread popularity over other methods. The Data Encryption Standard (DES) is reviewed, and difficulties with its use are discussed. A recent invention, public key cryptology, is then reviewed in detail, and reasons for its preference over DES are presented. Next, the RSA Public Key Cryptosystem is briefly reviewed, and its use in a proposed standard for providing privacy and data integrity in an electronic mail system is discussed. A prototype implementation of the proposed Internet-standard privacy enhanced electronic mail is then presented."
Air Force Institute of Technology (U.S.)
Wishon, Gordon D.
1990-01
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Hurricane Hugo Assessment: Review of Hurricane Evacuation Studies Utilization and Information Dissemination
"Before Hurricane Hugo, comprehensive hurricane evacuation studies had been completed for South Carolina and North Carolina, and a study for Georgia neared completion. Since Hugo directly affected areas where previous study data were available, there was an opportunity to find out whether previous information collected was accurate, how well products were utilized from past studies, and what improvements could still be made. This report addresses information on behavioral characteristics of evacuees, public shelters, evacuation decisions and transportation clearance times."
United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency; United States. Army. Corps of Engineers
1990-01
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Holding the Edge: Maintaining the Defense Technology Base, Volume II
This is the second volume of the report "Holding the Edge: Maintaining the Defense Technology Base". It includes the extensive analyses that were the subject of the first report. Three of the appendixes deal with the DoD acquisition processes, three deal with industry case studies (fiber optics, advanced composites, and software), and the remaining two appendixes concern European and Japanese defense technology research, development and management.
United States. Government Printing Office
United States. Congress. Office of Technology Assessment
1990-01
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Preliminary Report: Disaster Site Investigation of Manufactured Homes
"In December 1988, NCSBCS [National Conference of States on Building Codes and Standards] contracted with the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) to investigate the cause of failures, sustained by manufactured homes following natural disasters. Historically, it has appeared that the number of manufactured homes and the severity of damage caused to those homes have been disproportionate to site built homes which have been exposed to the same disasters. This report covers four separate investigations conducted by NCSBCS at disaster sites involving manufactured homes. The purpose of the investigations was to determine which structural components of manufactured homes are most likely to fail in disaster situations and to recommend possible remedial actions to the Department."
United States. Government Printing Office; United States. Department of Housing and Urban Development. Manufactured Housing and Construction Standards Division
1989-12-28
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Proactive Management of FAA's Security Program Needed, Statement of Kenneth M. Mead, Director, Transportation Issues Resources, Community, and Economic Development Division, Testimony before the President's Commission on Aviation Security
GAO discussed the Federal Aviation Administration's (FAA) policies and procedures for preventing criminal acts against aviation. GAO noted that reviews of FAA domestic and international security programs identified major deficiencies in: (1) passenger screening, with airlines widely varying in screening effectiveness and lacking clearly defined performance expectations; (2) airport security controls, with airlines not complying with FAA standards and FAA inadequately monitoring airports' compliance, resulting in easy access to areas that should be secured; (3) security inspections, which did not include procedures or guidance on the extent of testing or verification needed to ensure the adequacy of security features; and (4) airline training requirements for security personnel, with the quality of training varying widely among airlines. GAO also noted that, although FAA has taken several steps to improve its aviation security programs, it should also consider: (1) establishing a quality assurance program capable of providing proactive, routine, critical assessments of its security programs; and (2) working with foreign governments to identify emerging security issues, such as how to ensure that foreign air carriers provide adequate security for U.S. citizens travelling abroad.
United States. General Accounting Office
1989-12-18
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Aviation Security: Training Standards Needed for Extra Security Measures at Foreign Airports, Report to the Secretary of Transportation
Pursuant to a congressional request, GAO reviewed changes made to the Federal Aviation Administration's (FAA) Air Carrier Standard Security Program following a terrorist airline bombing over Lockerbie, Scotland, in December 1988. GAO found that: (1) despite additional security measures imposed following the bombing, FAA could not ensure that airlines at designated high-risk foreign airports were properly following required procedures; (2) FAA found deficiencies in the way airline security personnel were carrying out extra security measures; (3) FAA has not established minimum training requirements and standards for extra security measures required at high-risk foreign airports; and (4) FAA did not routinely evaluate formal airline security training at foreign airports, but began examining the training and testing of host government security personnel who screen passengers and baggage at high-risk airports.
United States. General Accounting Office
1989-12-15
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Hijacking of TWA 847: A Study of Bureaucratic Paralysis
"This paper will attempt to examine briefly the subject of bureaucratic politics, in this case the politics of the bureaucracy responsible for combatting terrorism, through discussion of a specific incident: the hijacking of TWA 847 in June 1985. To narrow the focus further, I have chosen to confine the discussion to the Algiers phase of this incident. This is not only because I am more familiar with this phase, but also because the disarray within the U.S. Government, crystal clear during the Algiers phase, led (as in a Greek tragedy) to the subsequent media circus in Beirut and to events beyond. I will examine first the various institutional actors who played a role in combatting terrorism and will then discuss the actions of their representatives in Algiers. I have not used names, although these are, in some cases, unclassified and could be found on any Algiers diplomatic list. What is important, however, is the institutional aspect of this incident ('where you sit determines where you stand'), not the interplay of personalities."
National Defense University
Bruner, Whitley
1989-12-15
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United States-Japanese National Interests in Asia: Security in the 1990s
From the thesis abstract: "Perceptions of the bilateral security relationship between the United States and Japan are beginning to depart the post-war norm. Japan's economic competition is beginning to be seen by some in the United States as a greater threat to U. S. national security than the traditional threat of Soviet expansionism. A difference in fundamental values between the United States and Japan may exacerbate these diverging views during a period of dramatic East-West change. This thesis proposes that the U.S. and Japan re-examine their bilateral security relationship and replace it with a formal, rational division of burden and decision sharing by allocating primary areas of security responsibility in Asia within the alliance. It proposes that Japanese naval forces assume primary responsibility of stability and peace in Northeast Asia while the United States continues primary responsibility of stability and peace in the vital sea lanes of communication in the Indian Ocean and South China Seas. The flexibility of this strategy would permit coping with the uncertainty of United States-U.S.S.R. relations until the success or failure of Soviet reforms can be ascertained. Also, a revised security arrangement between the United States and Japan would diminish the prospects of an independent Japanese military posture in Asia."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)
Staples, Mark T.
1989-12
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U.S. Fire Administration/Technical Report Series: Sixteen-Fatality Fire in High-rise Residence for the Elderly, Johnson City, Tennessee
"A Christmas Eve fire that caused the death of 14 residents and two visitors occurred at the John Sevier Center, a high-rise residence for the elderly, in Johnson City, Tennessee. It also injured about 50 other people including 15 firefighters. [...] The building had a history of 'false alarms,' which may have caused some of the occupants not to be too concerned even if the alarm was heard. Many of those who were able to make it out on their own in the early stages of the fire simply wandered off, or were treated and released by rescue workers. Others were assisted by their families and friends. Red Cross workers tried desperately to determine who and how many occupants were still left in the building."
United States Fire Administration
1989-12
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U.S. Fire Administration/Technical Report Series: Success Story at Retirement Home Fire
"On December 16, 1989, at 1629 a security guard at the Sommerset Retirement Home, 22355 Providence Village Drive in Sterling, Virginia, called 9-1-1 to report that alarm bells were sounding and that smoke was in the building. The facility was a new (one-year-old) three-story retirement home housing elderly people in apartment units. [...] An Incident Command System (ICS) was established immediately to address three tasks simultaneously: establish an emergency shelter and quickly and safely move the residents to that staging area; conduct a thorough search of every apartment; and locate the seat of the fire and extinguish it."
United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency; United States Fire Administration
1989-12-01?
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U.S. Fire Administration/Technical Report Series: Shenandoah Retirement Home Fire, Roanoke County, Virginia
"On December 14, 1989, at 0214 hours, a fire alarm was received by the Roanoke County Fire Dispatch Center from the Shenandoah Retirement Home Center. This is a 6-1/2-story masonry building housing 175 elderly persons. Many of the occupants require canes and walkers for mobility. The second floor of this home is licensed by the State as an adult care center for some 48 persons requiring custodial supervision. On December 14, the building was occupied by 135 residents and three staff members. The building actually houses more than this number, but several were visiting family members or were in the hospital. The first firefighting units arrived 18 minutes after notification of alarm and saw fire coming from a third floor apartment window at the front of the building. Firefighters entering into the building by way of stairwells located at each end of the structure were met by occupants leaving from the upper floors, and with smoke which was already permeating the stairwells. On the third floor they found heat and heavy black smoke from floor to ceiling. Additional fire personnel and equipment had already been alerted by fire dispatch as a result of an on-duty sheriff's deputy who witnessed the fire's progress prior to fire department arrival and radioed this information to the fire dispatch center."
United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency; United States Fire Administration
1989-12
