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• Investigating Disease Outbreaks under a Protocol to the Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention

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  "The Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention prohibits the development, production, and stockpiling of biological weapons agents or delivery devices for anything other than peaceful purposes. A protocol currently in the final stages of negotiation adds verification measures to the convention. One of these measures will be international investigation of disease outbreaks that suggest a violation of the convention, i.e., outbreaks that may be caused by use of biological weapons or release of harmful agents from a facility conducting prohibited work. Adding verification measures to the current Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention will affect the international public health and epidemiology communities; therefore, active involvement of these communities in planning the implementation details of the protocol will be important."

  Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)

  Wheelis, Mark

  2000
• National Drug Control Strategy: Counterdrug Research and Development Blueprint Update (February 2000)

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  CTAC's mission is to serve as the central counterdrug enforcement research and development organization of the U.S. Government. Since 1992, Congress has appropriated funding to sponsor a counterdrug R&D program to advance the technological capabilities of Federal drug control agencies responsible for both supply and demand reduction activities. In 1998,CTAC's role was expanded to support a program to transfer successful counterdrug technologies developed with federal funding directly to State and local law enforcement agencies. The Technology Transfer Program (TTP) concentrates on providing state-of-the-art, affordable, easily integrated and maintainable tools to enhance the capabilities of State and local law enforcement agencies (LEAs) for counterdrug missions. Special emphasis was placed on providing technology to LEAs within High Intensity Drug Trafficking Areas (HIDTA).

  United States. White House Office

  2000
• National Drug Control Strategy: 2000 Annual Report

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  This report provides information on progress over the past year in implementing the National Drug Control Strategy. It details trends in drug use and availability; assesses the costs of drug abuse to our society; and outlines accomplishments of federal prevention, treatment, law enforcement, interdiction, and international programs. We remain committed to the Strategy that focuses on shrinking America's demand for drugs, through prevention and treatment, and attacking the supply of drugs through law enforcement and international cooperation. Drug use is preventable. If children reach adulthood without using illegal drugs, alcohol, or tobacco, they are unlikely to develop a chemical-dependency problem later in life. To this end, the Strategy seeks to involve parents, coaches, mentors, teachers, clergy, and other role models in a broad prevention campaign. Drug dependence is a chronic, relapsing disorder that exacts an enormous cost on individuals, families, businesses, communities, and nations. Addicted individuals frequently engage in self-destructive and criminal behavior. Treatment can help them end dependence on addictive drugs. Treatment programs also reduce the consequences of addiction on the rest of society. Providing treatment for America's chronic drug users is both compassionate public policy and a sound investment. Along with prevention and treatment, law enforcement is essential for reducing drug use in the United States. Illegal drug trafficking inflicts violence and corruption on our communities. Law enforcement is the first line of defense against such unacceptable activity

  United States. White House Office

  2000
• Changing Face of Transportation

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  The Changing Face of Transportation provides a historical perspective for policymaking. It reviews the major policy milestones of the past quarter century and the social and economic context for those milestones. Secretary Slater provides a logical foundation for making future policy choices and challenges the transportation enterprise to aspire toward higher marks of excellence, moving beyond what we think is possible and also thinking globally. Some future policy choices are apparent already and, as with the choices envisioned by former Secretaries of Transportation, undoubtedly many more will emerge as the future unfolds. Today, we can look forward with confidence knowing that our transportation system reflects the remarkable achievements of the Clinton-Gore Administration in striving to meet our nation's transportation needs. Under their leadership, virtually every law governing major transportation programs has been renewed, including the Trucking Industry Deregulation Act of 1994, the Ocean Shipping Reform Act of 1998, the Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century of 1998 (TEA-21), and the Aviation Investment and Reform Act for the 21st Century (AIR-21). These Acts provided record-level infrastructure investments, increased funding flexibility, expanded the proven strategies of public participation in the planning process, and affirmed this Administration's top transportation priority of improving safety and creating opportunities for all Americans. The ramification of this extraordinary era will positively shape transportation in the coming decades. Chapter 7 specifically deals with transportation and national security.

  United States. Department of Transportation

  2000
• Information System Incidents: The Development of a Damage Assessment Model

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  Information system (IS) incidents, such as hacking, denial-of-service, and viruses are on the rise. With low manning and under-trained information security specialists it is difficult for organizations to stop IS incidents from occurring. Once an incident has occurred it is the IS manager's responsibility to ensure that a full and accurate damage assessment has been accomplished. However, most IS managers lack the necessary tools to assess the damage from an incident. This exploratory thesis developed an IS incident damage assessment model (DAM) that can be part of the IS manager's tool kit. During the development of the model, it became apparent that everything in the model was supported by a foundation of business processes. Therefore, the most important thing an IS manager can do is define their organization's business processes and how they relate to information systems. The model is based on eight primary factors that should be considered during the assessment process:· Recovery· Education/Training· Business Expenses· Productivity· Data· Lost Revenue· Reputation· Human Life Each factor is then further expanded into sub-factors that better define and explain the primary factors. These sub-factors can be directly mapped to business processes previously defined by the information system manager. The final product is an IS incident DAM tailored to the needs of the IS manager's organization.

  Air Force Institute of Technology (U.S.)

  Horony, Mark D.

  1999-12
• Field Manual for Mental Health and Human Service Workers in Major Disasters

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  "This Field Manual is intended for mental health workers and other human service providers who assist survivors following a disaster. This pocket reference provides the basics of disaster mental health, with numerous specific and practical suggestions for workers. Essential information about disaster survivors' reactions and needs is included. 'Helping' skills are described with guidance for when to refer for professional assistance. Strategies for worker stress prevention and management are presented in the last section."

  United States. Department of Health and Human Services

  DeWolfe, Deborah J.

  2000
• Staging for Hostile incidents: Evaluating Effectiveness of the Staging Policy for Firefighter Safety

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  "In November 1998, an applied research project was completed by this author in response to the perceptible increase in violence and hostility that firefighters in Clackamas County, Oregon, were facing. It had been noted that many 'close calls' had taken place as firefighters responded to emergency incidents. Among those incidents were examples of direct threats and assaults upon Clackamas County Fire District #1 fire personnel while performing their jobs. As a result of the predecessor applied research project, titled Responders at Risk: Surviving Violence in the Streets, a policy was developed for Clackamas County Fire District #1 in an attempt to increase the level of safety for firefighters in violent situations. Implemented in December 1998, the policy, Staging: Known/Unknown Hostile Incidents, has now been in effect for approximately one year. The previous applied research project focused upon the problem that hostility and violence in the field led to the compromise of firefighter safety. The problem for this applied research is that firefighter safety continues to be compromised in hostile and violent situations. The purpose for this applied research project was to follow up on its predecessor research and, specifically, to evaluate the effectiveness of the Staging: Known/Unknown Hostile Incidents policy for providing a reasonable margin of firefighter safety. The evaluative research method was used in answering the following three research questions: 1. What is the level of compliance with the Standard Operating Guideline (SOG) titled Staging: Known/Unknown Hostile Incidents? 2. How are other like-sized Portland metropolitan area fire agencies protecting their firefighters in similar situations? 3. What, if any, modifications could be made to increase effectiveness of the SOG?"

  National Fire Academy

  Smith, Jonathan S.

  1999-12
• Union and Its Effectiveness Within the Durham Fire Department

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  "In 1998 members of the City of Durham Fire Department were faced with the decision of whether to maintain the Durham Firefighter's Association (DFFA) or unite with the International Association of Fire Fighters (IAFF). This sparked immediate controversy because North Carolina is a 'right to work' state. (NRTW 1999) The decision was ultimately made to unite with the IAFF. Feelings of skepticism, uncertainty and apprehension accompanied this newly formed partnership. The problem that stemmed from members within the Durham Fire Department's rank and file who were doubtful of the effectiveness of the union's representation. However, there were members of the fire department who were optimistic and hopeful that the IAFF representation could provide a stronger more adequate voice and help forge them into a more unified, organized group. The purpose of this research project is to evaluate the effectiveness of the IAFF representation within the rank and file of the Durham Fire Department (DFD). The research project employed an evaluative research methodology to answer the following research questions: 1. Which areas would you prefer the union representatives give their time and attention to (multiple choice answers provided on sample survey). 2. Do you feel that the union's influence and representation is adequate? 3. Are you aware of the difference between a 'collective or collaborative bargaining state' versus a 'right to work state'? On August 30, 1999, two hundred fifty-five (255) surveys were distributed to all personnel assigned to Fire Prevention and the Operations Division. One hundred forty-two (142) surveys were returned by the September 30, 1999 due date."

  National Fire Academy

  Pagan, Bruce T.

  1999-12
• Setting Wildland Dispatch Levels

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  "The amount and types of equipment that the California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection (CDF) dispatches to a wildland fire is based on the fire danger at the time. CDF is not consistent in the way fire danger is measured and therefore may be sending too much equipment in some cases and too little in others. The problem addressed by this research paper was that the method the CDF dispatch center in the Amador El Dorado Ranger Unit used to set dispatch levels may not have been adequate. The purpose of this paper was to determine if there was a better way for the ranger unit to establish dispatch levels based on a truer assessment of fire danger. Historical, descriptive, and evaluative research methodologies were used to answer the following research questions: 1. What tools were available for use in determining where changes in dispatch levels should be made? 2. What does fire report data show regarding the amount of equipment dispatched to fires in the Amador El Dorado Ranger Unit? 3. Is there a need to modify the existing practice of setting dispatch levels in the Amador El Dorado Ranger Unit? The procedures used included a review of the literature and extensive analysis of historical fire and weather records. Additionally, fire reports were analyzed to evaluate the amount of equipment used on fires. The literature review provided a significant amount of information about fire danger rating."

  National Fire Academy

  Gossner, Jody

  1999-12
• Carbon Monoxide and Gasoline Powered Smoke Blowers

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  "The problem was Las Vegas Fire and Rescue did not know if their employees were being exposed to unacceptable levels of carbon monoxide (CO) during post fire attack operations (overhaul, fire investigation, evidence retrieval, etc.). The purpose of this research project was to determine if gasoline powered smoke blowers could reduce carbon monoxide levels inside a structure during post fire attack operations to an acceptable level. The evaluative research method was used. The research questions to be answered were: 1. What is the acceptable level of carbon monoxide in a structure for a firefighter to work in without self contained breathing apparatus? 2. Does a gasoline powered smoke blower introduce a significant amount of carbon monoxide into a structure? 3. Can a gas powered smoke blower reduce the carbon monoxide within a structure to an acceptable level during post fire attack operations? The procedures included a literature review, gathering information from articles, texts, the internet, and data collected from evaluative testing of the gasoline powered smoke blowers typically used by Las Vegas Fire and Rescue. The research revealed a significant level of carbon monoxide is an atmosphere containing 35 ppm [parts per million] or more. In the positive pressure mode, a gasoline powered smoke blower introduces and maintains a significant amount of carbon monoxide into a structure; it was also determined that a gasoline powered smoke blower used in the negative pressure mode can reduce the level of carbon monoxide to an acceptable level."

  National Fire Academy

  Clinton, Henry L.

  1999-12
• United States Special Operations Forces: Posture Statement 2000

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  More recent history has caused the United States to maintain specialized forces capable of performing extremely difficult, complex, and politically sensitive missions on short notice, in peace and war, anywhere in the world. In 1987, Congress mandated the creation of the U.S. Special Operations Command (USSOCOM) with the responsibility to prepare and maintain combat-ready special operations forces (SOF) to successfully conduct special operations, including civil affairs (CA) and psychological operations (PSYOP). The characteristics of SOF personnel are shaped by the requirements of their missions and include foreign language capabilities; regional orientation; specialized equipment, training, and tactics; flexible force structure; and an understanding of the political context of their mission. Today's SOF are the product of an evolutionary process. The lessons learned from past operations and events, as well as the requirements of current missions and operations, have brought about a unique force with distinctive characteristics, capabilities, and limitations.

  United States. Department of Defense

  2000
• Workshop on Technical Opportunities for Increasing the Proliferation Resistance of Global Civilian Nuclear Power Systems (TOPS)

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  Nuclear power will continue to be a major factor in producing abundant and affordable energy in many parts of the world. The choice of nuclear power systems leading to acceptable growth in nuclear power among many countries will have to take into account a number of factors including economic competitiveness, acceptable safety standards, acceptable waste disposal options, and acceptable risks of proliferation of nuclear weapons from such nuclear power systems. This workshop will address primarily the latter of these criteria and is to help to identify the R&D directions which are to be taken in support of that objective. The development and application of new technology that increases the barriers to proliferation, and a clear and compelling rational for its deployment, could contribute to international security.

  Center for Global Security Research

  2000
• Ruminations of a North Korean General Concerning the United States' National Military Strategy

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  This paper will support my firm belief that the United States National Military Strategy is misdirected and unfocused. More importantly, their strategy fails to adequately understand the motivation of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea(DPRK) and increases the risk of conflict.

  National War College (U.S.)

  Hayden, Dave

  2000
• United States' Second Major Theater of War: A Bridge Too Far?

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  "The United States National Security Strategy (NSS), as set forth by President William Jefferson Clinton in 1998, articulated the 'Imperative for Engagement' abroad in order to remain secure at home in the aftermath of the 'Cold War.' Accordingly, in an era marked by globalization, transnational interests and threats, and ethnic and regional strife, '...the United States must be prepared to use all instruments of National Power, alone or in concert with allies and partners, to influence the actions of both state and non-state actors. It further states 'we must have the demonstrated will and capabilities to continue to exert global leadership and remain the security partner for the community of states that share our interests.' Implicit in our NSS is a commitment by the United States Government (USG) to dedicate the resources necessary to successfully execute this global engagement strategy. To that end, this paper will explore the National Military Strategy (NMS) intended to support an NSS of "'Engagement,' its three elements ('Shape, Respond, Prepare Now'), and the 'Core Military Requirement' of being able to 'deter and defeat nearly simultaneous, large-scale, cross-border aggression in two distant theatres in overlapping time frames, preferably in conceit with regional allies.' The basic question is: Does the military possess the capability in the decade ahead to execute this essential requirement? I submit the United States Armed Forces are capable of being defeated in a Second Major Theatre of War by a determined an opportunistic foe!"

  National War College (U.S.)

  Christie, R.A.

  2000
• Enhancing Prosecutors' Ability to Combat and Prevent Juvenile Crime in Their Jurisdictions

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  "Seeking to curb crime and protect citizens by holding delinquent youth accountable for their offenses, Congress enacted the Juvenile Accountability Incentive Block Grants (JAIBG) program. This Bulletin features two of the three JAIBG purpose areas that focus on enhancing the ability of prosecutors to address juvenile crime by providing funding for (1) hiring additional prosecutors and (2) acquiring technology, equipment, and training. The Bulletin provides recommendations for the effective use of additional prosecutors and the use of technology to increase efficiency in the juvenile justice system. To combat and prevent juvenile crime, prosecutors require information that offers a range of responses. This Bulletin and its JAIBG companion, 'Enabling Prosecutors To Address Drug, Gang, and Youth Violence', provide some of that crucial information."

  United States. Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention

  Gramckow, Heike P.; Tompkins, Elena

  1999-12
• Enabling Prosecutors to Address Drug, Gang, and Youth Violence

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  "When rising expectations meet dwindling resources, the conflict represents an obstacle that must be overcome. Add to this mix an increasingly high and complex caseload and you have an idea of the challenges faced by many prosecutors--challenges that require and merit our support. To this end, the Juvenile Accountability Incentive Block Grants (JAIBG) program provides funds to help prosecutors tackle the problems presented by the rising number of juvenile cases. This Bulletin, one in a series featuring JAIBG Best Practices, offers data on recent trends in juvenile violence, juvenile drug offenses, and gang-related juvenile offending and describes prosecutorial responses to such offenses. Examples of promising, prosecutor-led programs combating the illicit use of guns, violence, drugs, and gangs are also provided. These examples provide a range of ideas that prosecutors can use to enhance their own efforts."

  United States. Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention

  Gramckow, Heike P.; Tompkins, Elena

  1999-12
• Youth Gang Drug Trafficking

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  "Using the results of the 1996 National Youth Gang Survey of law enforcement agencies, this Bulletin analyzes the participation of youth gang members in drug sales and the role of gangs in drug distribution. Although the authors found widespread drug trafficking among youth gangs, they report that serious involvement seems concentrated in a small number of areas and is overwhelmingly connected to young adult, rather than juvenile, gang members. Thus, jurisdictions should first assess the particular problem they confront in order to target their efforts to combat both gang and drug violence more effectively. Youth Gang Drug Trafficking provides a thoughtful analysis of extensive youth drug trafficking data and identifies areas for further research. The Bulletin also discusses the policy implications of these findings for communities struggling to curb the negative impact of youth gangs in their midst."

  United States. Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention

  Howell, James C.; Gleason, Debra K.

  1999-12
• 1997 National Youth Gang Survey: Summary

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  "The largest and most comprehensive national gang survey to date, the 1997 National Youth Gang Survey, conducted by the National Youth Gang Center, contacted nearly 5,000 law enforcement agencies across the country. To allow for both comparative and trend analysis, the 1997 survey used the same sample as the 1996 survey. Survey results indicate that the percentage of jurisdictions reporting active youth gangs decreased from the previous year, from 53 percent in 1996 to 51 percent in 1997. Some 816,000 gang members were active in some 30,500 youth gangs in 1997, a modest decrease from the previous year's figures of 846,000 and 31,000, respectively. Despite these declines, however, there are still serious problems to be addressed. For example, every city with a population of 250,000 or greater reported the presence of youth gangs. In addition, the number of gang members increased in small cities and rural counties, as youth gangs continued to spread beyond the confines of the Nation's major cities."

  United States. Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention

  National Youth Gang Center (U.S.)

  1999-12
• America's Coast Guard: Safeguarding U.S. Maritime Safety and Security in the 21st Century

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  The objective of this report is to help the Coast Guard, the Departments of Transportation and Defense, other executive departments and agencies, the Congress, the Service's "partners" and "share-holders" - in state and local governments, U.S. and foreign industry, foreign governments, and private organizations in the United States and overseas - and the American public think broadly about future national security dynamics and trends. Important issues have been addressed - how these dynamics and trends will affect America's maritime security and hence the Coast Guard's current and future roles, missions, functions, and requirements. It discusses an expansive concept of U.S. maritime security interests, focusing on current and future threats to America's interests in its territorial seas and Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZs) as well as on the high seas. It provides an overview of the historical, strategic, policy, and operational contexts for the Coast Guard's maritime security roles, missions, functions, and tasks, and how the Service can most effectively and efficiently serve the United States in the 21st century. And it addresses the platforms and systems capabilities needed to satisfy current and future requirements. A key focus of this report is on the Coast Guard's "Deepwater" operating environment and enduring as well as emerging needs in this region. The Deepwater operational area has been defined by the Service as operations conducted 50 miles or more to sea, although clearly Deepwater assets protect U.S. maritime security in regions much closer to the shore. Many of the Coast Guard's Deepwater capital assets are approaching or are at the ends of their service lives in block obsolescence. To deal with the need to modernize and replace these assets, the Coast Guard's Integrated Deepwater Systems (IDS) Capabilities Replacement Project has mapped out an innovative approach and program-plan to address all roles, missions, and functions and the subsystems, systems, and platforms needed to carry out the Service's multiple mandates. Thus, another important objective of this paper is to inform U.S. and possible foreign industry partners about the full spectrum of Coast Guard Deepwater requirements, operations, and programs for the future.

  United States. Coast Guard

  Stubbs, Bruce B.; Truver, Scott C.

  2000
• Chlordane (C10 H6 Cl8) Chemical Protocol

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  Very comprehensive description of the chemical agent, with coverage on many important aspects, including information on routes of exposure, sources and uses, exposure limits, physical characteristics, patient management, decontamination and treatment, incident reporting. Synonyms include a wide variety of trade names: Chlordan, Chlor-Kil, CD-68, Octachlor, Termi-Ded, Toxichlor, Topichlor, and Velsicol 1068.

  United States. Department of Health and Human Services

  2000
• Carbon Disulfide (CS2) Chemical Protocol

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  Very comprehensive description of the chemical agent, with coverage on many important aspects, including information on routes of exposure, sources and uses, exposure limits, physical characteristics, patient management, decontamination and treatment, incident reporting. Synonyms include carbon bisulfide, carbon sulfide, and dithiocarbonic anhydride.

  United States. Department of Health and Human Services

  2000
• Crotonaldehyde (C4 H6 O) Chemical Protocol

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  Very comprehensive description of the chemical agent, with coverage on many important aspects, including information on routes of exposure, sources and uses, exposure limits, physical characteristics, patient management, decontamination and treatment, incident reporting. Synonyms include beta-methylacrolein; propylene aldehyde; ethylene propionate; crotonic aldehyde; but-2-enal; 2-butenal; crotonal; topanel; methyl acrolein; butenal; crotonaldehyde inhibited; (E)-crotonaldehyde; (E)-2-butenal; trans-2-butenal.

  United States. Department of Health and Human Services

  2000
• Chlorine (Cl2) Chemical Protocol

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  Very comprehensive description of the chemical agent, with coverage on many important aspects, including information on routes of exposure, sources and uses, exposure limits, physical characteristics, patient management, decontamination and treatment, incident reporting. Synonyms include molecular chlorine.

  United States. Department of Health and Human Services

  2000
• Diborane (B2 H6) Chemical Protocol

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  Very comprehensive description of the chemical agent, with coverage on many important aspects, including information on routes of exposure, sources and uses, exposure limits, physical characteristics, patient management, decontamination and treatment, incident reporting. Synonyms include boroethane, boron hydride, diboron hexahydride.

  United States. Department of Health and Human Services

  2000
• Elemental Mercury (HG) Chemical Protocol

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  Very comprehensive description of the chemical agent, with coverage on many important aspects, including information on routes of exposure, sources and uses, exposure limits, physical characteristics, patient management, decontamination and treatment, incident reporting. Synonyms include colloidal mercury, quicksilver, liquid silver, metallic mercury, and hydrargyrum.

  United States. Department of Health and Human Services

  2000
• Formaldehyde (HCHO) Chemical Protocol

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  Very comprehensive description of the chemical agent, with coverage on many important aspects, including information on routes of exposure, sources and uses, exposure limits, physical characteristics, patient management, decontamination and treatment, incident reporting. Synonyms include formalin, formic aldehyde, methanal, methyl aldehyde, methylene oxide, oxomethane,and paraform.

  United States. Department of Health and Human Services

  2000
• Ethylene Glycol (C2 H6 O2) Chemical Protocol

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  Very comprehensive description of the chemical agent, with coverage on many important aspects, including information on routes of exposure, sources and uses, exposure limits, physical characteristics, patient management, decontamination and treatment, incident reporting. Synonyms include 1,2-dihydroxyethane, 1,2-ethanediol, 2-hydroxyethanol, ethylene alcohol, glycol, glycol alcohol, monoethylene glycol, and ethylene dihydrate. Ethylene glycol is sold under a variety of brand names as automobile radiator antifreeze. It should not be confused with ethylene glycol ethers,which are a different group of chemicals.

  United States. Department of Health and Human Services

  2000
• Gasoline (Mixture) Chemical Protocol

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  Very comprehensive description of the chemical agent, with coverage on many important aspects, including information on routes of exposure, sources and uses, exposure limits, physical characteristics, patient management, decontamination and treatment, incident reporting. Synonyms include gas, petrol, casing head gasoline, motor spirit, natural gasoline, and motor fuel.

  United States. Department of Health and Human Services

  2000
• Ethylene Dibromide (C2H4Br2) Chemical Protocol

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  Very comprehensive description of the chemical agent, with coverage on many important aspects, including information on routes of exposure, sources and uses, exposure limits, physical characteristics, patient management, decontamination and treatment, incident reporting. Synonyms include 1,2-dibromoethane, glycoldibromide, and bromofume.

  United States. Department of Health and Human Services

  2000
• Strategic Plan: 2000-2005

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  This plan outlines objectives and strategies in the agency's four programmatic areas: providing investigative case support, identifying trends and patterns, administering the Bank Secrecy Act (BSA), and fostering international cooperation; as well as maintaining efficient and effective management processes. The strategic planning process enables the agency to examine its programs and refine and adjust its objectives and strategies as changing realities require. This effort provides a basis for developing FinCEN's operational plan and helps direct the more efficient allocation of limited resources.

  Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (U.S.)

  2000