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Chicken Processing Plant Fires Hamlet, North Carolina, and North Little Rock, Arkansas
This technical report series looks at chicken processing plant fires in Hamlet, NC and North Little Rock, AR. This document is an analysis of two similar incidents, each with dramatically different results.
United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency; United States Fire Administration; National Fire Data Center (U.S.)
Yates, Jack
1991-09-07
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Implementation of Protective Actions for Radiological Incidents at Other Than Nuclear Power Reactors: Workshops Proceedings
From the introduction: "The Workshop was held at the Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) National Air and Radiation Environmental Laboratory in Montgomery, Alabama on September 25-26, 1991. Hosted by the EPA's Office of Radiation Programs, the Workshop was attended by State emergency response officials who have major nonreactor nuclear facilities in their State, and by Federal officials responsible for developing guidance on emergency preparedness. The principal objective of the Workshop was to provide a forum for the States to identify and discuss issues regarding implementation of protective actions following a radiological accident involving a Federal or commercial nuclear facility, with emphasis on source terms other than power reactors. EPA's impending issuance of revised Protective Action Guides (PAGs) for evacuation and sheltering provided the key incentive for conducting the Workshop at this time. Previous PAGs, which were applicable only to reactor incidents, had been revised to be applicable to source terms from nonreactor incidents as well. The dose quantities for expressing the PAGs were also revised so that they would encompass all of the risk that may be avoided by the relevant protective action, and the accompanying text was clarified to provide · more complete guidance on the factors that should or should not influence the choice between evacuation and sheltering."
United States. Environmental Protection Agency
1991-09
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Baltic: A Sea in Transition
From the thesis abstract: "The objective of this thesis is to analyze naval developments in the countries abutting the Baltic Sea. Major international security events have radically altered the political landscape surrounding the region. Fundamental changes to the regional security environment are affecting naval building and modernization plans. This region should be of primary concern to the United States political and naval leadership because it comprises one of the world's largest concentrations of naval combatants. The navies deployed in the Baltic Sea are highly capable, and the geographic importance of the region has predicated a unique pattern of naval development. As regional threats to international security emerge, littoral naval warfare will become increasingly difficult to manage. Examination of the Baltic naval balance should provide a useful tool for monitoring national intentions in that region as well as forecasting future littoral naval threats elsewhere."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)
Green, John L.
1991-09
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U.S. Fire Administration/Technical Report Series: Major Ship Fire Extinguished by CO2
This technical report series looks at a major fire on a 324-foot seafood processing ship in the Greater Seattle, Washington area. This fire is the first-time that the Seattle Fire Department extinguished a ship fire with carbon dioxide.
United States. Office of Homeland Security; United States Fire Administration
1991-09
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Geographic Information Systems: Information on Federal Use and Coordination, Fact Sheet for the Chairman, Committee on Government Operations, House of Representatives
In this report to the Committee on Government Operations, the GAO [Government accountability office] details the extent to which federal agencies are coordinating their use of GIS [geographic information systems] technology. The report derives its data from a survey of 110 agencies which maintain some level of GIS capability.
United States. Government Accountability Office
1991-09
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User Authentication: A State-of-the-Art Review
From the thesis abstract: "Access control of computing systems is considered a key issue among Information Systems managers. There are different methods available to computing systems to ensure a proper authentication of a user. Authentication mechanisms can use simple user-generated passwords to complicated combinations of passwords and physical characteristics of the user (i.e., voice recognition device, retina scanner, signature recognition device, etc.). This thesis looks at the various authentication mechanisms available to a security manager. It describes how different authentication mechanisms operate and the advantages and disadvantages associated with each mechanism. It also reports on several commercially available software products that support the user authentication process. Finally, a discussion of password use in the military environment and the unique requirements of the Department of Defense."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)
Coley, John A.
1991-09
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Role of Air Force Special Operations in Foreign Internal Defense
From the thesis abstract: "Current trends in the international political arena, combined with fiscal constraints at home, are pointing toward a significant change in US defense policy. With the drawdown of conventional forces and forward deployed units, US defense interests abroad will increasingly rely on the armed forces of other nations. As witnessed in the recent Persian Gulf crisis, maintenance of vital US strategic interests hinges upon the development of social, economic, political, and military institutions favorable tc nur [sic] foreign policy objectives. The overall military role in this effort is termed foreign internal defense (FID). As a primary mission of the US Special Operations Command. FID is also an integral part of future USAF [United States Air Force] special operations endeavors. The USAF plays a significant role in FID by providing analysis and training in operations, maintenance, and logistical support to host-nation forces. This paper focuses on emerging operational requirements and whether or not these requirements necessitate the development and institutionalization of a structure within the Air Force Special Operations Command to develop, execute, and monitor Air Force efforts in foreign internal defense. Because the nature of confrontations most often associated with internal defense fall under the rubric of 'low-intensity conflict,' the question of maintaining an organic capability to train in counterinsurgency and guerrilla warfare is also addressed."
Air University (U.S.). Press
Moulton, John R.
1991-09
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Northwest Firefighters Mortality Study: 1945-1989
This document is a study of firefighter mortality in the northwest consisting of 4,546 men who were employed by the cities of Seattle, Tacoma, Bellevue, and Kent, Washington, and Portland, Oregon, for at least one year in fire combat positions.
United States Fire Administration
1991-09-01?
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Your Family Disaster Plan
Families can-and do-cope with disaster by preparing in
advance and working together as a team. Follow the steps listed in this brochure to create your family's disaster plan. Knowing what to do is your best protection and your responsibility. Outlined are four steps to safety. 1) Find out what could happen to you; 2) Create a disaster plan; 3) Complete the checklist in this brochure; 4) Practice and maintain your plan.
United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency
1991-09
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DE-CERTS: A Decision Support System For a Comparative Evaluation Method For Risk Management Methodologies and Tools
"A new approach was recently proposed to effectively and objectively evaluate risk management methodologies and tools for their suitability to a given organizational situation. The proposed approach, known as CERTS, is based on defining suitability in terms of criteria which in turn are described in terms of attributes and metrics. Using the Analytic Hierarchy Process, this thesis develops the CERTS approach into a Decision Support System [DSS], that could be used easily and effectively by organizations for selecting a risk management methodology or tool. The thesis also applies the developed DSS to three case studies to gain insights on the applicability of the DSS."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)
Crump, Leonard A.; Pound, James G.
1991-09
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Security Considerations in Distributed Systems
"This thesis investigates computer security considerations in distributed systems. In particular, it concentrates on assisting managers to gain an appreciation for what distributed systems are, and what are the inherent security issues in these systems. A survey of the literature on computer security was conducted to identify those issues unique to distributed systems. Although many controls are discussed, management must design and support a comprehensive security plan tailored to their unique organization."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)
Rhead, Donovan R.
1991-09
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Signature Verification for Access Control
"Access control to sensitive information is a vital concern for Department of Defense agencies. Current methods employed to control access are vulnerable to unauthorized users and frequently inadequate. The use of biometric access control devices, such as signature verification systems, may represent a solution to the access control problem. This thesis looked at two dynamic signature verification systems and compared their performance in general as well as under the different operating conditions of lined and unlined paper and morning and afternoon use. The two signature verification systems were the CIC [Communication Intelligence Corporation] system and the Sign/On system. Additionally, the thesis compared the CIC system under both sets of operating conditions using an inking stylus pen and a non-inking stylus pen. The experimental results indicated there was no significant difference between the CIC system using an inking stylus pen and the Sign/On system and that both systems had Type I error rates of less than 3% and Type II error rates of less than 1%. The results also indicated that the operating conditions test did not favor either system."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)
Geshan, Susan Carol
1991-09
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Police-Community Relations in Tampa - An Update, 1991
"This document is a summary report on a forum held by the Florida Advisory Committee in Tampa on July 10, 1990, to obtain an update on the status of police-community relations in Tampa. The Advisory Committee approved unanimously submission of this report to the Commissioners. There was a general consensus among forum participants that while police-community relations in Tampa have improved significantly as a result of the vigilant leadership of city, county, and civil rights officials, there remains a problem with the under-representation of minorities and women in command level positions within both the Tampa Police Department and the Hillsborough County Sheriff's Department. These positions are crucial to the provision of oversight and supervision of officers who come in contact with the public, minorities, and otherwise. In addition, isolated instances of allegations of misconduct, which appear in some instances to be racially motivated, continue."
United States Commission on Civil Rights
1991-09
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Integrity in Automated Information Systems
"For some time, both integrity and confidentiality have been regarded as inherent parts of information security. However, in the past, more emphasis has been placed on the standardization of confidentiality properties of computer systems. This paper shows that there is a significant amount of information available about integrity and integrity mechanisms, and that such information can be beneficial in starting to formulate standardizing criteria. We have gone beyond the definition of integrity and provided material that will be useful to system designers, criteria developers, and those individuals trying to gain a better understanding of the concepts of data and systems integrity. This paper provides foundational material to continue the efforts toward developing criteria for building products that preserve and promote integrity."
National Computer Security Center (U.S.)
Mayfield, Terry; Welke, Steven R.; Roskos, J. Eric
1991-09
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Security Environment in the Post-Cold War World: A Short-, Mid- and Long-Term Assessment
"Interprets events unfolding in the post-Cold War era within the context of United States security concerns and military missions and extrapolates short-, mid- and long-term trends. More than seventy countries are subjects of research and analysis in this report."
Library of Congress. Federal Research Division
Curtis, Glenn E. (Glenn Eldon), 1946-; Burnham, Ly; Cutter, Melissa
1991-09
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Guidelines for Writing Trusted Facility Manuals
A Trusted Facility Manual (TFM) is one of the documents necessary to satisfy
the requirements of any class in the TCSEC. The TFM is directed towards the
administrators of an installation, and its goal is to provide detailed,
accurate information on how to (1) configure and install a specific secure
system, (2) operate the system in a secure manner, (3) make effective use of
the system privileges and protection mechanisms to control access to
administrative functions and databases, and (4) avoid pitfalls and improper
use of the administrative functions that would compromise the Trusted
Computing Base (TCB) and user security.
United States. Department of Defense
1991-09
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Non-Destructive Testing and Field Evaluation of Chemical Protective Clothing
This study was preliminary in nature and focused primarily on chemical protective clothing [CPC]. The procedure requires pre-positioning of protective clothing material swatches on the firefighter's CPC or destruction of the CPC. Both approaches are impractical. It is recommended that an enclosure system be developed that integrates the sample swatch scheme and volatilization chamber to facilitate non-destructive and repetitive testing of garments. In addition, the applicability of the method to other firefighter protective equipment (i.e., turnout gear, gloves, hoods, hoses, etc.) should also be investigated.
United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency
Carroll, Todd R.; Schwope, A. D.
1991-09
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Post Exercise Assessment: Indian Point Nuclear Power Station [November 14, 1990]
From the Summary: "On November 14, 1990, a team of 47 Federal evaluators assessed the level of State and County preparedness in responding to a radiological emergency at the Indian Point Nuclear Power Station. This exercise involved Indian Point Unit 2 (IP-2), which is owned by Consolidated Edison. It was a full-participation, announced exercise occurring between 0715 and 1700. Following the exercise, a preliminary evaluation was made by the Radiological Assistance Committee (RAC) Chairman and the Federal evaluation team. A briefing for County and State exercise participants, emergency management staff, and utility representatives, was held on Friday, November 16, 1990, at 1030 in the Bear Mountain Inn Conference Facilities."
United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency
1991-08-28
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Joint Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures for Joint Logistics Over the Shore.
This publication sets forth joint doctrine and joint tactics, techniques, and procedures for conducting Joint Logistics Over The Shore (JLOTS) operations by the US Military Services during the conduct of joint operations. It provides basic doctrine concerning command relationships, responsibilities, and procedures for JLOTS operations. Doctrine, principles, and guidance established in this publication are applicable to each of the Military Services, unified and specified commands, and the subordinate elements of these commands. Doctrine, principles, and procedures may also apply when significant forces of one Service are attached to forces of another Service or when significant forces of one Service support forces of another Service under criteria set forth in Joint Pub 0-2, UNAAF. This publication includes procedures concerning the transition from amphibious operations to a JLOTS operation. This publication does not include doctrine for rear area security, maritime prepositioning force operations, or amphibious operations, all of which are the subject of separate publications. The requirements to deploy and sustain military forces worldwide in support of national strategy are basic to U.S. strategic mobility objectives. The US Army, US Navy, and US Marine Corps have developed Logistics Over The Shore (LOTS) procedures to transport and discharge cargoes over the shore. Operational tests of these procedures preceded the development of this publication's previous editions.
United States. Joint Chiefs of Staff
1991-08-22
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Strategic Rationality is Not Enough: Hitler and the Concept of Crazy States
"In this report the author explores the concept on rogue or 'crazy' states in the international community, an important topic in the increasingly multipolar and dangerous world of the post-cold war era. In such an environment, the author concludes, after examining the progressive craziness of the Third Reich under Adolf Hitler, the rational basis for strategy breaks down. Strategic rationality is simply not sufficient to gauge the behavior of such states in the international arena--a particularly dangerous turn of events in an era of mass destruction weapons proliferation."
Army War College (U.S.). Strategic Studies Institute
Jablonsky, David
1991-08-08
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Conventional Arms Transfers to the Third World, 1983-1990 [August 2, 1991]
"The general decline in the value of new arms transfer agreements with the Third World seen in recent years was reversed in 1990. The value of all arms transfer agreements with the Third World in 1990 was $41.3 billion. This was the first year since 1987 that the total value of arms transfer agreements with the Third World increased over the previous year (in constant 1990 dollars). At the same time, in 1990 the value of all arms deliveries to the Third World ($26.3 billion) was the lowest of any year during the period from 1983-1990. This is the third consecutive year since 1987 that the value of all arms deliveries to the Third World dropped significantly (in constant 1990 dollars). The Soviet Union and the United States have dominated the Third World arms market as the top two suppliers from 1983-1990. Collectively, the two superpowers accounted for over 60% of all arms transfer agreements with and arms deliveries to the Third World during these years. In 1990, the total value, in real terms, of U.S. arms transfer agreements with the Third World increased dramatically from the previous year's total, rising from nearly $8 billion in 1989 to $18.5 billion in 1990. For the first time since 1983, the United States ranked first in arms transfer agreements with the Third World. The U.S. share of the value of all such agreements was 44.8% in 1990, up from 23.6% in 1989."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Grimmett, Richard F.
1991-08-02
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National Security Strategy of the United States [1991]
From the Document: "This report is shaped by what we are as a people, for our values are the link between our past and our future, between our domestic life and our foreign policy, between our power and our purpose. It is our deepest belief that all nations and peoples seek political and economic freedom; that governments must rest their rightful authority on the consent of the governed, and must live in peace with their neighbors. The collapse of the Communist idea has shown that our vision of individual rights - a vision imbedded in the faith of our Founders - speaks to humanity's enduring hopes and aspirations. It is this abiding faith in democracy that steels us to deal with a world that, for all our hope, remains a dangerous place - a world of ethnic antagonisms, national rivalries, religious tensions, spreading weaponry, personal ambitions and lingering authoritarianism. For America, there can be no retreat from the world's problems. Within the broader community of nations, we see our own role clearly. We must not only protect our citizens and our interests, but help create a new world in which our fundamental values not only survive but flourish. We must work with others, but we must also be a leader."
United States. White House Office
1991-08
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Annual Summaries: Atlantic Hurricane Season of 1990
"The 1990 hurricane season is summarized, including accounts of individual storms. Fourteen tropical storms were tracked, of which eight became hurricanes. Only one storm, Marco, hit the United States."
National Hurricane Center (2012- )
Mayfield, Max, 1948-; Lawrence, Miles B.
1991-08
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Civilian Training in High-Altitude Flight Physiology
"A survey was conducted to determine if training in high-altitude physiology should be required for civilian pilots; what the current status of such training was; and, if required, what should be included in an ideal curriculum. The survey included a review of ASRS and NTSB accidents/incidents where high altitude was a contributing factor, current FARs, the Airman's Information Manual, and military training courses. In addition, representatives of pilot and flight attendant unions, airlines, airframe manufacturers, the armed services, NBAA, AOPA, flight schools, and universities were interviewed. And, an expert in the field was identified and asked to write a discussion paper for inclusion in the report. The survey determined that there is a need for such training. It was also found that current training practices are not uniform and sometimes do not even address those subjects required by Federal Aviation Regulations. The report contains recommendations for subjects to be included in a core curriculum and additional subjects that may be included for a more complete knowledge of high altitude physiology issues relevant to civilian flight."
United States. Department of Transportation
1991-08
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Analysis Report on Firefighter Fatalities [1990]
"The purpose of this study is to analyze the circumstances surrounding firefighter fatalities in the United States in 1990 in an attempt to identify potential means for reducing the number of deaths that occur each year. In addition to the 1990 findings, this study will also include special analyses of particular recurring scenarios, using NFPA's [National Fire Protection Association] data base of fire fighter fatalities from 1981 through 1990."
United States Fire Administration
National Fire Protection Association. Fire Analysis and Research Division
1991-08
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Brigade and Division Surgeons' Handbook: Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures
This manual provides information pertaining to the command and staff responsibilities of the brigade and division surgeons assigned to armored, airborne, air assault, infantry, and light infantry divisions that are organized under the L-edition table(s) of organization and equipment (TOE). It provides guidance to the brigade and division surgeons on their duties and responsibilities pertaining to command, staff supervision, and technical control over division and brigade medical elements. It supports the Army Medical Department's (AMEDD) keystone manual, Field Manual (FM) 8-10, Health Service Support in a Theater of Operations, and is based on doctrine found in FMs 8-10-3, 8-10-8, 8-35, 8-55, 100-5, and 100-10.
United States. Department of the Army
1991-07-10
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Support to Drug Interdiction Efforts in the U.S. Pacific Command
"The Defense Authorization Act, September 1988, requires the DoD to take an active role in the nation's counternarcotics efforts. The Act tasked the DoD: to serve as the lead Federal agency for detecting and monitoring aerial and maritime transit of illegal drugs into the United States; to integrate the dedicated command, control, communications, and intelligence assets into an effective communications network; and to provide for an enhanced role for the National Guard. In response to the Act, the Secretary of Defense directed that the Unified Commanders submit plans to the Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS) for carrying out the counternarcotics mission in their respective area of responsibility (AOR). Five U.S. commands were tasked a counternarcotics mission by the JCS: the Atlantic Command, the Pacific Command, the Southern Command, the North American Aerospace Defense Command, and the Forces Command. As lead Federal agency for detecting and monitoring aerial and maritime transit of illegal drugs into the United States, DoD provides intelligence and other support to its customers, the law enforcement community."
United States. Department of Defense. Office of the Inspector General
1991-07-09
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Major Propane Gas Explosion and Fire Perryville, Maryland (July 6, 1991)
"On July 6, 1491 at 0850 an explosion and fire were reported at the 300 block of Broad Street in the town of Perryville, Maryland. This block contained a church, bank, sandwich shop, retirement home, three 2-story apartment buildings and eight 2-story houses. (See Appendix A for diagram of building locations and the chart on the following page for key issues of the incident.) The first arriving firefighting unit discovered that the front of some buildings on the north side of the street had been demolished as a result of a propane gas explosion. Building debris had been propelled through numerous nearby structures and filled streets over a 2-block square area with various building components. Blast concussion had blown out windows and doors, and parts of roofs and chimneys in several nearby houses and retail shops. Several people, seemingly dazed and panicstricken, were wandering along Broad Street."
United States Fire Administration
1991-07-06?
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Emerging Shield: The Air Force and the Evolution of Continental Air Defense 1945-1960
"The volume begins with the U.S. Army Air Service's involvement with air defense in World War I and traces the story through to the late 1950s and early 196Os. At that time, the intercontinental ballistic missile supplanted the bomber as the most dangerous long-range threat to North America, precipitating a dramatic decline in bomber defenses over the next two decades. A number of important themes emerge: the development of technology, particularly for command, control, and communications systems; roles and missions debates; interpretations and analysis of the threat; and Air Force theories and approaches to offensive and defensive strategic warfare. The last is by far the most pervasive theme. In the period covered by this volume, the Air Force consistently held true to its belief that 'the best defense is a good offense,' despite the rise of air defense as a national priority. For most of history, military organizations have favored offensive strategies, for taking the offense is a way of planning and structuring the battle. Assuming the initiative by striking the first blow offers clear benefits as opposed to waiting and reacting defensively. The offense is usually viewed by military organizations as a positive force to achieve victory, whereas defense seems to seek only a negative goal-that of preservation."
United States. Air Force. Office of Air Force History
Schaffel, Kenneth, 1953-1988
1991-07-02
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National Security Directive 61: FY 1991-1996 Nuclear Weapons Stockpile Plan
In National Security Directive (NSD) 61, President H.W. Bush approves "the attached Nuclear Weapons Stockpile Plan for the fiscal year 1991 through 1996. The levels depicted for FY 1992 and beyond may require adjustment based on developments in arms control, changes in the international political environment, and the capability of the nuclear weapons production complex. The stockpiles levels in the Nuclear Weapons Stockpile Plan represent ceilings not to be exceeded except as provided below or otherwise approved by me."
United States. White House Office
1991-07-02
