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Hurricane and Disaster Preparedness During COVID-19

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From the Document: "Hurricane season is already proving to be active with the threat of two named storms occurring prior to the official start of the season. This Hurricane Preparedness guide was developed as a toolkit to assist employers and residents in addressing the combined challenges of a hurricane coupled with the backdrop of the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic."

USI Insurance Services

2020-06
Building Communication Capacity to Counter Infectious Disease Threats: Proceedings of a Workshop

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"Building communication capacity is a critical piece of preparing for, detecting, and responding to infectious disease threats. The International Health Regulations (IHR) establish risk communication-the real-time exchange of information, advice, and opinions between experts or officials and people who face a threat to their survival, health, and economic or social well-being-as a core capacity that World Health Organization member states must fulfill to strengthen the fight against these threats. Despite global recognition of the importance of complying with IHR, 67 percent of signatory countries report themselves as not compliant. By investing in communication capacity, public health and government officials and civil society organizations facing health crises would be prepared to provide advice, information, and reassurance to the public as well as to rapidly develop messages and community engagement activities that are coordinated and take into account social and behavioral dynamics among all sectors."

National Academies Press (U.S.)

Alper, Joe; Ogawa, V. Ayano; Mundaca Shah, Cecilia

2017
Violence Against Women and Children During COVID-19-- One Year on and 100 Papers In: A Fourth Research Round Up

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From the Document: "A year after the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] a pandemic, we take stock of an increasingly diverse set of new studies linking violence against women and children (VAW/C) to COVID-19 and associated pandemic response measures. In this fourth round up, we focus exclusively on research in low- and middle-income countries (LICs and MICs) published since December 2020 to highlight dynamics in settings that previously had fewer studies. As in previous round ups (see the first [hyperlink], second [hyperlink] and third [hyperlink] covering a total of 74 studies), we only include studies that have sufficient information on indicator definition and analysis methods (though we maintain a full set of studies--including more policy-oriented briefs and reports--in our evidence tracker [hyperlink]). In total, we summarize 26 new studies from LICs and MICs, with the majority focused on identifying trends (15 studies), while others present analysis of risk factors or dynamics (an additional ten studies), and one represents an impact analysis of prevention programming."

Center for Global Development

Bourgault, Shelby; Peterman, Amber; O'Donnell, Megan

2021-04
COVIDcast: Chatib Basri on Indonesia's Struggle with COVID-19 and Its First Recession Since 1998 [Audio]

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From the Webpage: "In this episode of COVID [coronavirus disease] cast, Ben Bland, the Director of the Southeast Asia Program at the Lowy Institute, sat down with Chatib Basri to discuss Indonesia's struggle with COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] and the way forward after Southeast Asia's biggest economy slid into its first recession since the Asian Financial Crisis. Chatib is a former finance minister and head of the investment coordinating board in Indonesia. COVIDcast is a Lowy Institute pop-up podcast for anyone interested in understanding the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on global politics. In each episode, Lowy Institute experts and invited guests discuss the implications of this crisis for the world." The duration of this audio is 29 minutes and 12 seconds.

Lowy Institute for International Policy

Bland, Ben; Basri, M. Chatib

2020-11-10
MMWR: Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, April 30, 2021

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The Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR) Series is prepared by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). [It] is the agency's primary vehicle for scientific publication of timely, reliable, authoritative, accurate, objective, and useful public health information and recommendations. This issue of MMWR contains the following: "Health Status and Health Care Use Among Adolescents Identified With and Without Autism in Early Childhood -- Four U.S. Sites, 2018-2020"; "Emergency Department Visits for Tick Bites -- United States, January 2017-December 2019"; "COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] Outbreak Among Farmworkers -- Okanogan County, Washington, May-August 2020"; "COVID-19 Among Workers in the Seafood Processing Industry: Implications for Prevention Measures -- Alaska, March-October 2020"; "Linked Clusters of SARS-CoV-2 [severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2] Variant B.1.351 -- Maryland, January-February 2021"; "Postvaccination SARS-CoV-2 Infections Among Skilled Nursing Facility Residents and Staff Members - Chicago, Illinois, December 2020-March 2021"; "COVID-19 Outbreak Associated with a SARS-CoV-2 R.1 Lineage Variant in a Skilled Nursing Facility After Vaccination Program - Kentucky, March 2021"; "Health Care Utilization and Clinical Characteristics of Nonhospitalized Adults in an Integrated Health Care System 28-180 Days After COVID-19 Diagnosis -- Georgia, May 2020-March 2021"; "Updated Recommendations from the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices for Use of the Janssen (Johnson & Johnson) COVID-19 Vaccine After Reports of Thrombosis with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Among Vaccine Recipients -- United States, April 2021"; and "'QuickStats': Percentage of Adults Aged ≥18 Years with Arthritis, by Sex and Age Group -- National Health Interview Survey, United States, 2019." Notifiable Diseases and Mortality Tables from this issue can be accessed at the following link [http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/index2021.html].

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)

2021-04-30
Global Health Security: USAID and CDC Funding, Activities, and Assessments of Countries' Capacities to Address Infectious Disease Threats Before COVID-19 Onset, Report to Congressional Committees

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From the Highlights: "The outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in December 2019 demonstrated that infectious diseases can lead to catastrophic loss of life and sustained damage to the global economy. USAID [U.S. Agency for International Development] and CDC [Centers for Disease Control and Prevention] have led U.S. efforts to strengthen GHS [global health security]--that is, global capacity to prepare for, detect, and respond to infectious disease threats and to reduce or prevent their spread across borders. These efforts include work related to the multilateral GHSA [Global Health Security Agenda] initiative, which aims to accelerate progress toward compliance with international health regulations and other agreements. House Report 114-693 contained a provision for GAO [Government Accountability Office] to review the use of GHS funds. In this report, GAO examines, for the 5 fiscal years before the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, (1) the status of USAID's and CDC's GHS funding and activities and (2) U.S. agencies' assessments, at the end of fiscal year 2019, of GHSA partner countries' capacities to address infectious disease threats and of challenges these countries faced in building capacity."

United States. Government Accountability Office

2021-04
Battling the Invisible Enemy: The Department of Homeland Security Science and Technology Directorate's COVID-19 Response, One Year Later

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From the Document: "For millions of citizens around the world locked down in quarantine, staying at home and waiting to learn more about COVID-19, it may have felt like life was put on pause for most of 2020. But for emergency managers, policy makers, research scientists, countless frontline workers, and the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) Science and Technology Directorate (S&T), everything kicked into high gear. [...] This document highlights just some of the important work S&T has contributed to during this turbulent time. It describes scientifc [sic] studies and their corresponding conclusions, recounts multifaceted support given without hesitation to fellow DHS components and other key partners, and it looks forward to what's next for this response. I am incredibly proud of the way so many people have stepped up and risen to the challenge to stop this pandemic."

United States. Department of Homeland Security. Science and Technology Directorate

2021-04
MMWR Early Release: Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, April 30, 2021: Safety Monitoring of the Janssen (Johnson & Johnson) COVID-19 Vaccine -- United States, March-April 2021

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The Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR) Series is prepared by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). [It] is the agency's primary vehicle for scientific publication of timely, reliable, authoritative, accurate, objective, and useful public health information and recommendations. This early release issue of MMWR contains the following article: "Safety Monitoring of the Janssen (Johnson & Johnson) COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] Vaccine -- United States, March-April 2021." Notifiable Diseases and Mortality Tables from this issue can be accessed at the following link [http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/index2021.html].

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)

2021-04-30
MMWR Early Release: Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, April 30, 2021: Anxiety-Related Adverse Event Clusters After Janssen COVID-19 Vaccination -- Five U.S. Mass Vaccination Sites, April 2021

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The Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR) Series is prepared by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). [It] is the agency's primary vehicle for scientific publication of timely, reliable, authoritative, accurate, objective, and useful public health information and recommendations. This early release issue of MMWR contains the following article: "Anxiety-Related Adverse Event Clusters After Janssen COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] Vaccination -- Five U.S. Mass Vaccination Sites, April 2021." Notifiable Diseases and Mortality Tables from this issue can be accessed at the following link [http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/index2021.html].

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
COVID-19 Efforts to Increase Vaccine Availability and Perspectives on Initial Implementation, Report to Congressional Addressees

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From the Highlights: "Providing the public with safe and effective vaccines to prevent COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 19] is crucial to mitigating the public health and economic impacts of the disease. The U.S. had almost 30 million reported cases and over 545,000 reported deaths as of March 27, 2021. The federal government took a critical step in December 2020 in authorizing the first two COVID-19 vaccines and beginning distribution of doses across the nation. The government had distributed about 180.6 million vaccine doses, and about 147.8 million doses had been administered, as of March 27, 2021, according to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) data. [...] GAO [Government Accountability Office] reviewed documents from the Departments of Defense and Health and Human Services, transcripts of public briefings, data from CDC, and interviewed or received written responses from federal officials, vaccine company representatives, and select public health stakeholders. GAO incorporated technical comments from the Department of Defense, the Department of Health and Human Services, and the Federal Emergency Management Agency as appropriate."

United States. Government Accountability Office

2021-04
COVID-19 Binational Dashboard

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This resource is sponsored by DHS' Countering Weapons of Mass Destruction Office and hosted by the Cross-Border Threat Screening and Supply Chain Defense Center of Excellence. It contains information on the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) positivity rate and a summary of cases (confirmed, deaths, and tests) for the U.S. and Mexico.

Texas A&M University
US Employment Inequality in the Great Recession and the COVID-19 Pandemic

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From the Abstract: "This article compares inequality in US employment across social groups in the Great Recession and the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic. We develop an inequality measure that captures both how much employment declines during a recession and the persistence of those declines. The results show a significant shift of job loss from men in the Great Recession to women in the COVID-19 lockdown. White workers fare better than other racial/ethnic groups in both recessions. Black and Hispanic women are hit especially hard in the COVID-19 pandemic. With our job loss measure, less educated workers had modestly worse outcomes in the Great Recession. However, during COVID-19, less educated workers suffer much more severe employment consequences than more educated groups. We discuss long-term effects of employment inequality and how these findings are relevant to debates about policy responses."

Institute for New Economic Thinking

Fazzari, Steven M.; Needler, Ella

2021-03-31
Covid-19 and Cyber Risk in the Financial Sector

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From the Document: "During the Covid-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic, financial institutions have been at the leading edge of the response to cyber risk. Their already large exposure to cyber risk has been further accentuated by the move towards more working from home (WFH) and other operational challenges. This Bulletin serves as a primer on cyber risk and presents initial findings on how the financial sector has met the challenges of the pandemic. We draw on new data to assess changes in the threat landscape for financial institutions in the pandemic."

Bank for International Settlements

Aldasoro, Iñaki; Frost, Jon; Gambacorta, Leonardo . . .

2021-01-14
COVID-19 Mental Health Handbook: Evidence-Informed Approaches to Mental Wellbeing During a Pandemic

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From the Introduction: "The Coronavirus Disease 2019, or COVID-19, as it has become known, is a pandemic of proportion and nuance this era had not previously seen. Thanks to modern advances in technology, medicine, communication, infrastructure, and so many more sectors, we have been equipped to adapt to the changes COVID-19 demands of us. But despite these advancements and ingenuities, we are still human. And human beings have emotions, thoughts, experiences, worldviews--all things that affect our experience of this current pandemic. Infectious diseases very obviously impact our physical health. But as has become clear over the past few months, they also affect our mental health. [...] Coming from many countries, many cultures, and many backgrounds, the authors and interviewees in the pages hereafter provide important insights into the COVID-19 mental health situation. Composed of ten overall sections, this handbook covers a range of topics that live at the intersection of COVID-19 and mental health. [...] Altogether, these ten sections help bring to attention the myriad mental health needs COVID-19 has brought to the surface while also suggesting ways to cope, move forward, and become more resilient. Explore some of the most important and recent research and insights from great researchers around the world. Hopefully, with this handbook, you will be better equipped to handle COVID-19 and help others as they grasp this ever-changing world around us."

Wheaton College (Ill.). Humanitarian Disaster Institute

Aten, Jamie D.; Annan, Kent, 1973-; Meeker, Jack

2020
Indian Education: Schools Need More Assistance to Provide Distance Learning, Statement of Melissa Emrey-Arras, Director Education, Workforce, and Income Security, Testimony Before the Committee on Indian Affairs, U.S. Senate

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From the Highlights: "BIE's [Bureau of Indian Education] mission is to provide quality education to approximately 41,000 students at 183 schools it funds on or near Indian reservations in 23 states. About two-thirds of these schools are operated by tribes and the remaining third are operated by BIE. In March 2020, all BIE schools closed their buildings in response to the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic. GAO [Government Accountability Office] reviewed distance learning at BIE schools as part of its oversight responsibilities under the CARES [Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security] Act. This testimony examines the extent to which (1) BIE has provided schools with guidance to develop and implement distance learning programs during the COVID-19 pandemic, and (2) students have had the technology they need to participate in such programs."

United States. Government Accountability Office

Emrey-Arras, Melissa

2021-04-28
Laying the Foundations of DPRK Energy Security: 1990-2020 Energy Balances, Engagement Options, and Future Paths for Energy and Economic Redevelopment

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From the Executive Summary: "The purpose of this report is to provide policymakers and other interested parties with an overview of the evolution of demand for and supply of energy in the Democratic Peoples' Republic of Korea (DPRK) over the last three decades. [...] Building on previous energy balances prepared for 1990, 1996, 2000, and 2005, 2008 through 2010, and 2014, the authors assembled information from as many data sources as possible to update our earlier work and to provide estimates of recent-year energy supply and demand in the DPRK. Somewhat revised results of the 1990, and 1996 energy balances, which provide the underpinnings of our updated DPRK energy sector analysis, as well as a detailed description of input parameters and assumptions used in the analytical process, are presented in Chapter 2 of the Report that follows."

Nautilus Institute

von Hippel, David; Hayes, Peter, 1953-

2021-04
Reopening California: Seeking Robust, Non-Dominated COVID-19 Exit Strategies

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From the Abstract: "Amid global scarcity of COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] vaccines and the threat of new variant strains, California and other jurisdictions face the question of when and how to implement and relax COVID-19 Nonpharmaceutical Interventions (NPIs). While policymakers have attempted to balance the health and economic impacts of the pandemic, decentralized decision-making, deep uncertainty, and the lack of widespread use of comprehensive decision support methods can lead to the choice of fragile or inefficient strategies. This paper uses simulation models and the Robust Decision Making (RDM) approach to stress-test California's reopening strategy and other alternatives over a wide range of futures. We find that plans which respond aggressively to initial outbreaks are required to robustly control the pandemic. Further, the best plans adapt to changing circumstances, lowering their stringent requirements to reopen over time or as more constituents are vaccinated. While we use California as an example, our results are particularly relevant for jurisdictions where vaccination roll-out has been slower."

RAND Corporation

Nascimento de Lima, Pedro; Lempert, Robert J.; Vardavas, Raffaele . . .

2021-04
Battling the Invisible Enemy: The Department of Homeland Security Science and Technology Directorate's COVID-19 Response

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From the Document: "The COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic is a global threat with life and death consequences. The enormity of the situation is something many of us have never seen before. It is also a scientific challenge in need of innovative solutions--something quite familiar to the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) Science and Technology Directorate (S&T). S&T was built to take on complex issues of vital importance. It is our mission to enable effective, efficient, and secure operations across the homeland security enterprise and we're certainly not backing down now. We're using every tool at our disposal and calling on every member of our dedicated workforce to join the fight. For many, that means full-time teleworking from home, supporting continuity of operations in this time of crisis. For others, it means using research and development expertise to battle this invisible enemy directly. Our rigorous research and development efforts are bolstered through close collaboration across S&T, our fellow DHS components, other U.S. federal agencies, and our international partners around the world. S&T's research laboratories, centers of excellence, and federally funded research and development centers are sharply focused on COVID-19, with diverse projects underway analyzing various aspects of the pandemic. We're looking at the actual virus and studying its characteristics to better understand infection and transmission. We're investigating effective public health policies to help slow the spread."

United States. Department of Homeland Security. Science and Technology Directorate

2020-07-09?
COVID-19 : aperçu de la défiance anti-vaccinale sur les réseaux sociaux

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"À la suite des premières annonces du laboratoire Pfizer et de son partenaire BioNTech sur ses avancées dans la mise au point d'un vaccin contre la COVID-19 en novembre 2020, la France a commencé sa campagne de vaccination le 27 décembre 2020. Au début du mois de mars 2021, plus de 2,6 millions de Français avaient reçu une première dose de vaccin (soit 4 % de la population). Cette campagne a été marquée par un fort sentiment anti-vaccin au sein de la population. Dans une étude réalisée par Ipsos en janvier 2021, 21 % des Français déclarent être certains de ne pas se faire vacciner et 22 % affirment qu'ils ne se feraient probablement pas vacciner. Cette défiance envers les vaccins n'est pas un phénomène nouveau. Une enquête Gallup publiée en 2019 a montré qu'un Français sur trois ne croit pas à la sûreté des vaccins. Une étude plus récente de la Fondation Jean Jaurès a souligné que la confiance envers les institutions politiques et la communauté scientifique sont deux des principaux indicateurs déterminants pour comprendre le consentement ou le non-consentement à la vaccination."

Institute for Strategic Dialogue

Guerin, Cécile; Fourel, Zoé

2021-04-01?
MENA Monitor: Arabic COVID-19 Vaccine Misinformation Online

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From the Executive Summary: "Conspiracy theories about COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] and the subsequent development and rollout of COVID-19 vaccines are rampant across Arabic-language Facebook pages and groups. They are also linked to a larger network of anti-vaccination websites, Twitter accounts and YouTube channels across the web. Researchers from the Institute for Strategic Dialogue (ISD) responsible for monitoring, tracking and analyzing COVID-19 misinformation on Facebook found connections to dominant COVID-19 vaccine misinformation narratives and influencers in the West, as well as region-specific tropes that are tied to the Middle East and North Africa's geo-politics, and, in some instances, religious discourse on the apocalypse."

Institute for Strategic Dialogue

O'Connor, Ciaran; Ayad, Moustafa

2021
La pandémie de COVID-19 : terreau fertile pour la haine en ligne

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"Depuis son apparition, la pandémie de COVID-19 a alimenté la désinformation et autres théories du complot à travers le monde. Dès avril 2020, l'Organisation Mondiale de la Santé (OMS) a souligné l'urgence de répondre à « l'infodémie » provoquée par la crise sanitaire. En effet, non seulement la COVID-19 s'est accompagnée d'une prolifération de la désinformation en ligne mais a, parallèlement, nourri la stigmatisation des minorités. En France, dès le début de l'épidémie, de nombreux reportages ont souligné une forte augmentation des incidents racistes (aussi bien en ligne et hors ligne), notamment envers les communautés asiatiques. Cette recrudescence du racisme anti-asiatique a suscité des tentatives de contre-discours en ligne : à titre d'exemple, les internautes se sont mobilisés autour du hashtag #JeNeSuisPasUnVirus pour contrer ce type de discours haineux. En France, une étude réalisée en juin 2020 (en pleine crise sanitaire COVID-19) par l'Institut pour le Dialogue Stratégique (ISD) et l'Institut Montaigne a mis en évidence la prédominance de discours antimigrant, anti-musulman et xénophobe. Au niveau international, l'Agence des Nations Unies pour la Migration s'est inquiétée de l'instrumentalisation de la pandémie contre les migrants et du risque accru de polarisation autour de la crise migratoire et de la crise des réfugiés."

Institute for Strategic Dialogue

Guerin, Cécile; Fourel, Zoé; Gatewood, Cooper

2021-02-25?
Global Futures Report: Alternative Futures of Geopolitical Competition in a Post-COVID-19 World

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From the Introduction: "The COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic sheds an important light on the criticality of futures-based thinking to move us beyond conventional assumptions and positions. In today's chaotic cycle of rapid change, growing complexity, and radical uncertainty, the national security establishment must develop the skills and flexibility to adapt to the unexpected. To be sure, the fallout from COVID-19 has revealed overlooked vulnerabilities for our supply chains, our society, our economy, and--most pertinent for this report-- our national security strategy, 'which relies on all three.' The primary aim of this report is to disrupt how we conceptualize national security futures. Rather than arrive at 'definitive' conclusions or prescribe budgetary, policy, or force structure recommendations, this document instead challenges us to consider how the future can defy accepted probabilities to affect the Department of Defense and the Department of the Air Force."

United States. Air Force Warfighting Integration Capability

Sotiriadis, Jake; Grove, Jairus Victor, 1978-; Cunzeman, Kara C. . . .

2020-06
Housing Insecurity and the COVID-19 Pandemic

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From the Executive Summary: "In 2020, those who have fallen behind at least three months on their mortgage increased 250 percent to over 2 million households, and is now at a level not seen since the height of the Great Recession in 2010. Collectively, these households are estimated to owe almost $90 billion in deferred principal, interest, taxes and insurance payments. At the same time, we are facing a rental crisis, with over 8 million rental households behind in their rent. While there are significant differences from the last crisis, particularly a more stable mortgage market and substantial homeowner equity, there are a significant number of households at risk of losing their housing just as the U.S. economy is poised to emerge from the pandemic--a disproportionate number of them from communities of color. This report summarizes some of the relevant data and research on the impact of the pandemic on the rental and mortgage market, and particularly its impact on low income and minority households."

Consumer Financial Protection Bureau

Wong, Kristin

2021-03
Oversight of the Treasury Department's and Federal Reserve's Pandemic Response: Hybrid Hearing Before the Committee on Financial Services, U.S. House of Representatives, One Hundred Sixteenth Congress, Second Session, September 22, 2020

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This is the September 22, 2020 hearing on "Oversight of the Treasury Department's and the Federal Reserve's Pandemic Response," held before the U.S. House Committee on Financial Services. From the opening statement of Maxine Waters: "Nearly 200,000 people in the United States have lost their lives to the coronavirus, and there have been over 6.8 million U.S. cases. Millions of families are struggling to make ends meet during this crisis and are on the verge of eviction. Over a million small businesses, which are the lifeblood of our economy, have shut their doors as families across the country are looking to Washington for leadership. [...] I am very concerned that much of the $500 billion Congress allocated in the CARES [Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security] Act to Treasury, most of which was to support Federal Reserve lending, to help reeling businesses, nonprofits, and State and local governments, has gone unused. Here we are almost 6 months after the passage of the CARES Act and a mere 0.2 percent of Main Street Lending Program funds and 0.3 of Municipal Liquidity Facility funds have been put to use. This is unacceptable. Secretary Mnuchin, Chair Powell, let me be blunt. This pandemic response has fallen badly short, and the Trump Administration has sabotaged efforts to pass a relief package or address the major public health and economic crisis we face. Your work to address this crisis doesn't stop when the stock market recovers from its losses. Your mandate is to help hardworking individuals and families who are suffering." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Steven T. Mnuchin and Jerome H. Powell.

United States. Government Publishing Office

2021
Pandemic Preparedness and Response: Beyond the WHO's Access to COVID-19 Tools Accelerator

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From the Abstract: "The World Health Organization (WHO) issued a Solidarity Call to Action for equitable global access to COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] health technologies by pooling data and intellectual property, with the Access to COVID-19 Tools Accelerator (ACT-A) being a primary component of the response. While innovative, this response plan is, however, inadequate. Hence, we propose a new APT-A (Access to Pandemic Tools Accelerator) that provides more funding for diagnostics, vaccines, therapeutics, equitable access, and basic health systems and includes two other pillars or workstreams--one for economic assistance in pandemic times and another to combat structural inequalities. As part of this buttressed response to adequately prepare for and respond to pandemics in our globalized world, we propose a permanent, improved version of COVAX [COVID-19 Vaccines Global Access pillar] called POVAX (Pandemic Open Vaccine Access Accelerator), which requires 1) implementing alternative reward mechanisms for new vaccines, 2) companies to pool intellectual property and other data to speed up research and 3) allow low-cost generic production, as well as measures to 4) ensure equitable distribution of resulting products."

Brookings Institution. Global Economy and Development

Basu, Kaushik; Gostin, Lawrence; Hassoun, Nicole

2021-04
Understanding Vulnerability to Online Misinformation

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From the Overview: "Health-related misinformation risks exacerbating the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] public health crisis if it leads the public to refuse treatment when needed, not follow official guidance, such as policies on social distancing and mask-wearing, or even to use harmful 'miracle' cures. If left unchecked, misinformation could seriously undermine the vaccine rollout and heighten people's anxiety and mistrust during this time of national stress. Several large-scale research projects have started during the crisis with the aim of understanding the nature, prevalence and spread of health-related misinformation online. However, relatively little is known about who is vulnerable to believing false information and why. This is crucial for developing more targeted and effective interventions which tackle the root causes of misinformation rather than just its symptoms. To address this gap, researchers from The Alan Turing Institute's public policy programme have conducted original research using a survey and assessments to understand (1) which individuals are most vulnerable to believing health-related falsities and (2) the role played by the content that individuals are exposed to."

Alan Turing Institute

Vidgen, Bertie; Taylor, Harry; Pantazi, Myrto . . .

2021-03
Race and Hispanic-Origin Disparities in Underlying Medical Conditions Associated with Severe COVID-19 Illness: U.S. Adults, 2015-2018

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From the Abstract: "This report calculates the prevalence of selected conditions by race and Hispanic origin among U.S. adults (aged 20 and over) during 2015-2018. [...] Interview, physical examination, and laboratory data were used from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Conditions included asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and heart disease based on self-report; and obesity, severe obesity, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, smoking, and hypertension based on physical measurements. Estimates accounted for survey design. [...] Non-Hispanic black and Hispanic adults had a disproportionate burden of some conditions, including obesity and diabetes. Understanding populations at highest risk for severe coronavirus disease 2019-related illness could help inform prevention strategies."

United States. Department of Health and Human Services

Kim, Christine; Stierman, Bryan; Hales, Craig M. . . .

2021-04-28
COVID-19 and the State of Global Mobility in 2020

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From the Executive Summary: "The year 2020 was a landmark for human mobility, with dramatically reduced cross-border movements of all kinds. The COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic decimated tourism and business travel; severely curtailed labour migration; and dampened movement of all stripes, from that of international students to family reunification. The International Organization for Migration (IOM) has been tracking the surge in travel restrictions, border closures and health-related travel requirements imposed by governments since the onset of the pandemic. This report, produced through collaboration between the IOM and the Migration Policy Institute (MPI), marks the first comprehensive analysis of these data to understand how the pandemic has reshaped border management and human mobility - and what the lasting ramifications may be throughout 2021 and beyond. While the overall picture of human mobility in 2020 is of movement dramatically curtailed, the picture varies over time and by region. This reflects the diverse range of strategies employed to minimize cross-border mobility and step up the screening of travellers to reduce the spread of the virus."

Migration Policy Institute; International Organization for Migration

Benton, Meghan; Batalova, Jeanne, 1974-; Davidoff-Gore, Samuel . . .

2021-04
Why is Eviction Data So Bad?: Recommendations for Improving the Local and National Landscape

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From the Document: "The U.S. housing and real estate space is increasingly data driven. The Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), for example, utilizes its Voucher Management System [hyperlink] to fund, monitor, and manage the use of Housing Choice Vouchers by public housing agencies. Real estate companies such as Zillow, CoreLogic, ATTOM, and Black Knight comprise a lucrative industry focused on collecting granular real estate data, bundling it, and selling it to brokerages, rental sites, insurance companies, and even government agencies. And yet, a core component of the housing space--evictions--suffers from a surprising paucity of quality, accessible data. As tens of millions [hyperlink] of Americans face eviction risk due to the economic fallout of COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019], states and cities are discovering that little data exists on where evictions are happening, currently and historically, and who is most at risk. The U.S. government collects almost no eviction data, and research from New America found that one in three [hyperlink] U.S. counties have no available annual eviction figures--to say nothing of data showing which neighborhoods experience evictions most acutely, who is affected, or how much rent tenants are being evicted over."

New America Foundation

Panfil, Yuliya; Zainulbhai, Sabiha; Robustelli, Tim

2021-04
Behavioral Health: Patient Access, Provider Claims Payment, and the Effect of the COVID-19 Pandemic

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From the Document: "This report describes: (1) what is known about the need for and availability of behavioral health services, and how these have changed during the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic; and (2) what issues selected stakeholders identified regarding the payment of claims for behavioral health services. To examine what is known about the need for and availability of behavioral health services and how they have changed during the pandemic, we reviewed relevant survey data and analyses. Specifically, we reviewed data from Phases 1, 2, and 3 of the Household Pulse Survey through February 15, 2021, as reported by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) National Center for Health Statistics, which includes questions on the frequency of anxiety and depression symptoms. We assessed the reliability of these data by reviewing relevant agency documentation and written information from agency officials and by checking for obvious errors. We determined that these data were sufficiently reliable for the purpose of describing reported effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on behavioral health symptoms and demand for treatment."

United States. Government Accountability Office

2021-03-31

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