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COVID-19 and the State of Global Mobility in 2020
From the Executive Summary: "The year 2020 was a landmark for human mobility, with dramatically reduced cross-border movements of all kinds. The COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic decimated tourism and business travel; severely curtailed labour migration; and dampened movement of all stripes, from that of international students to family reunification. The International Organization for Migration (IOM) has been tracking the surge in travel restrictions, border closures and health-related travel requirements imposed by governments since the onset of the pandemic. This report, produced through collaboration between the IOM and the Migration Policy Institute (MPI), marks the first comprehensive analysis of these data to understand how the pandemic has reshaped border management and human mobility - and what the lasting ramifications may be throughout 2021 and beyond. While the overall picture of human mobility in 2020 is of movement dramatically curtailed, the picture varies over time and by region. This reflects the diverse range of strategies employed to minimize cross-border mobility and step up the screening of travellers to reduce the spread of the virus."
Migration Policy Institute; International Organization for Migration
Benton, Meghan; Batalova, Jeanne, 1974-; Davidoff-Gore, Samuel . . .
2021-04
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Why is Eviction Data So Bad?: Recommendations for Improving the Local and National Landscape
From the Document: "The U.S. housing and real estate space is increasingly data driven. The Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), for example, utilizes its Voucher Management System [hyperlink] to fund, monitor, and manage the use of Housing Choice Vouchers by public housing agencies. Real estate companies such as Zillow, CoreLogic, ATTOM, and Black Knight comprise a lucrative industry focused on collecting granular real estate data, bundling it, and selling it to brokerages, rental sites, insurance companies, and even government agencies. And yet, a core component of the housing space--evictions--suffers from a surprising paucity of quality, accessible data. As tens of millions [hyperlink] of Americans face eviction risk due to the economic fallout of COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019], states and cities are discovering that little data exists on where evictions are happening, currently and historically, and who is most at risk. The U.S. government collects almost no eviction data, and research from New America found that one in three [hyperlink] U.S. counties have no available annual eviction figures--to say nothing of data showing which neighborhoods experience evictions most acutely, who is affected, or how much rent tenants are being evicted over."
New America Foundation
Panfil, Yuliya; Zainulbhai, Sabiha; Robustelli, Tim
2021-04
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Extortion in Central America: Gender, Micro-Trafficking and Panama
From the Summary: "Gangs and criminal organizations in Central America continue to seek means of adapting to COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] while communities look to build resilience to its effects. The aim of this report is to contribute to the understanding of extortion in an evolving context as pandemic-related mobility restrictions are enforced and lifted in Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Costa Rica and Panama. The report identifies the evolving role of women in gang schemes and dynamics; explores criminal structures in Panama and their relationship with extortion; and highlights trends among extortion practices as they shift to other criminal activities such as large-scale and local trafficking of cannabis and cocaine."
Global Initiative Against Transnational Organized Crime
Vázquez del Mercado, Guillermo; Félix, Luis; Carballo, Gerardo
2021-04
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Resetting Data Governance: Authorized Public Purpose Access and Society: Criteria for Implementation of APPA Principles
From the Executive Summary: "Data governance is the most pressing challenge of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. In the field of healthcare, issues related to data governance, such as privacy, consent and the at times conflicting needs of individuals and society, are particularly acute. It is for this reason that the World Economic Forum has chosen healthcare as an entry point for addressing major issues on data governance: What is the desirable governance model for extracting value from personal information while handling that information with sufficient care? Establishing a data governance system for public health crises, including pandemics, could save lives while enhancing public trust in the use of data to further the public good. [...] As of April 2021, the coronavirus (COVID-19) continues to spread around the world, with the number of infections and deaths still increasing. Strict curbs on travel and other public activity imposed immediately after the pandemic began helped to slow spread of the virus, allowing economic activity to resume. But the renewed activity soon led to a resurgence of infections, demonstrating the difficulty of managing the pandemic. Our team believes that a systematic and cross-national approach to handling personal information such as location and medical data is essential, not only to address the current crisis but to prepare for the next one. The approach will have to be widely trusted to ensure participation and compliance. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a data governance model that balances individual rights with the interests of data holders and the public interest."
World Economic Forum
Inoue, Yusuke; Okamoto, Masako; Fujita, Takanori . . .
2021-04
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Faith-Based Approaches Can Positively Impact COVID-19 Vaccination Efforts: Religious Identities and the Race Against the Virus
From the Executive Summary: "As the U.S. navigates evolving dynamics related to COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] vaccine hesitancy and access, there has been a dearth of hard data to understand the cultural dynamics of this problem, and even less rigorous data available to understand how faith-based interventions might mitigate vaccine hesitancy and resistance. The PRRI [Public Religion Research Institute]-IFYC [Interfaith Youth Core] Religion and the Vaccine Survey, the largest study conducted to date in this area, reveals that faith-based approaches supporting vaccine uptake can influence members of key hesitant groups to get vaccinated and thus can be a vital tool for the public health community as we work toward herd immunity. 'Faith-based approaches are influential among vaccine hesitant communities.' More than one in four (26%) Americans who are hesitant to get a COVID-19 vaccine, and even 8% of those who are resistant to getting a vaccine, report that at least one of six faith-based approaches supporting vaccinations would make them more likely to get vaccinated. [...] These faith-based approaches include: A religious leader encouraging vaccine acceptance, a religious leader getting a vaccine, religious communities holding information forums, learning that a fellow religious community member received a vaccine, a nearby religious congregation serving as a vaccination site, and religious communities providing vaccine appointment assistance."
Public Religion Research Institute; Interfaith Youth Core
Jones, Robert P.; Jackson, Natalie; Sands, Sean . . .
2021-04?
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Better Path Forward for Criminal Justice
From the Introduction: "U.S. criminal justice figures continue to make us numb, elected officials and citizens alike. Yes, we know the U.S. incarcerates more people per capita than any other country in the world. Yes, we know that when we rank the per capita rate of incarcerations, the U.S. is followed closely by countries like El Salvador and Turkmenistan. We know that our recidivism rates are too high, and that we police our racial/ethnic minority communities too much and too often with tragic results. We know our fellow citizens, mainly people of color, living in those communities continue to suffer from higher rates of crime and police violence. And, lastly, we know these conditions prevail even though U.S. crime rates have fallen to 50-year lows (even considering the recent COVID [coronavirus disease]-era surge) making America about as safe as it was in the 1950s. [...] The essays in this volume are intended to provide policymakers in Congress and the Biden Administration with research-grounded guidance and insight on core issues and strategies that can sustain bipartisan support for critically needed criminal justice reforms."
Brookings Institution; American Enterprise Institute (AEI)
Ray, Rashawn; Orrell, Brent; Bushway, Shawn . . .
2021-04
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Vaccine Manufacturing in Africa: What it Takes and Why it Matters
From the Executive Summary: "Africa is home to 17 per cent of the world's population but, due to a lack of manufacturing capacity, can currently produce only 1 per cent of its vaccine needs. Only seven African countries have companies operating across the vaccine-manufacturing value chain, and of these, only one - Senegal - exports a WHO [World Health Organization] pre-qualified vaccine; most do not export at all. The uneven distribution of manufacturing and financing capabilities globally has led to an unequal distribution of global access to Covid-19 vaccines, with African countries largely reliant on external suppliers. This dependency is driving delays and uncertainty, which in turn affects governments' abilities to implement vaccine rollouts, protect their populations and ultimately rejoin the global economy. In this paper, we argue that the goal should be transitioning the continent from dependency towards greater self-sufficiency and security of supply. We also make key recommendations for policymakers on how to grow vaccine-manufacturing capacity across Africa."
Tony Blair Institute for Global Change
Abiodun, Toyin; Andersen, Hayley; Mamo, Liya Temeselew . . .
2021-04-01
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IDA-20: Donors Must Go Big, and IDA Must Too
From the Introduction: "The time is now for a historic International Development Association (IDA) replenishment. The world's poorest countries' recovery from the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] economic downturn will largely hinge on the scale of the emergency relief and investment programs over the next few years. According to the International Monetary Fund (IMF) by the end of 2022, per capita income could be 18 percent below pre-crisis projections for low-income countries and 22 percent for emerging and developing countries. The World Bank estimates that the global pandemic could push between 55 and 63 million people in IDA countries into extreme poverty. IDA is the largest source of concessional loans and grant finance for the world's poorest countries. Its ability to sustain its high levels of crisis financing over the medium-term could profoundly affect the pace and strength of economic recovery for many low-income countries. Due to high pandemic related demand, IDA is frontloading its financial support, creating a significant shortfall for the last year of the three-year replenishment cycle. In this context, IDA donors and management have decided to accelerate the replenishment negotiations for IDA-20 by a year. This will allow IDA to commit the bulk of its current IDA-19 funding program over two years instead of three."
Center for Global Development
Landers, Clemence
2021-04
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U.S. Postal Service: Volume, Performance, and Financial Changes Since the Onset of the COVID-19 Pandemic, Report to Congressional Committees
From the Highlights: "USPS [U.S. Postal Service] plays a critical role in the nation's communications and commerce. However, USPS's financial viability is not on a sustainable path and has been on GAO's [Government Accountability Office] High Risk List since 2009. The COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic has highlighted the role of USPS in the nation's economy as well as USPS's financial difficulties. Responding to these concerns, the CARES [Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security] Act, as amended in late 2020, provided USPS up to $10 billion in additional funding. The CARES Act included a provision for GAO to report on its monitoring and oversight efforts related to the COVID-19 pandemic. This report examines changes in USPS's (1) mail volume, (2) on-time performance, and (3) revenue and expenses from January through December 2020. GAO analyzed USPS mail volume, on-time performance, revenue, and expense data by month for 2020, and compared these data to similar data for 2019. GAO also reviewed its prior work, including its May 2020 report. That report had three matters for congressional consideration on: (1) determining the level of postal services, (2) the extent to which those services should be financially self-sustaining, and (3) the appropriate institutional structure of USPS. GAO also reviewed reports by USPS and the USPS Inspector General. Finally, GAO interviewed USPS officials, two package delivery companies that compete with USPS, and representatives from four mailing associations whose members send the types of mail with the highest volumes in 2020."
United States. Government Accountability Office
2021-04
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Impacts of Health Crises on Women & Girls: How Historical Evidence Can Inform Assessment and Recovery Through a Gender Lens
From the Introduction: "'This paper presents a conceptual framework on the effects of health crises on women and girls with an eye toward understanding the growing evidence base for the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic.' When health crises like COVID-19 emerge, the simultaneous shocks to economic, social, and health systems can have different implications for women and girls. Research on the impacts of past regional and global crises sheds light on how women's and girls' experiences and outcomes have differed from those of men and boys--both immediately following the onset of a crisis and as time progresses--as a result of entrenched gender inequalities and discrimination. The framework draws upon the historical evidence, including from SARS [severe acute respiratory syndrome], Ebola, Zika, and dengue fever outbreaks, as well as existing frameworks for examining indirect effects of health crises. It is meant to serve as a tool to understand how the COVID-19 pandemic may be adversely affecting the wellbeing and opportunities of women and girls, in order to identify data gaps and shape analyses, inform ongoing pandemic response efforts, and identify important points of intervention for recovery efforts and future resilience."
Center for Global Development
O'Donnell, Megan; Buvinić, Mayra; Krubiner, Carleigh B. . . .
2021-04
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2025 Post-Covid Scenarios: Latin America and the Caribbean
From the Executive Summary: "With vaccine rollouts underway, the world finally has an opportunity to look beyond COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] and to plan meaningfully into the future. Nevertheless, uncertainties abound, and new shocks may continue to arise, potentially bringing about social, economic, health, political and other consequences. As a region, Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) is vulnerable to these uncertainties and shocks, due to preexisting weaknesses such as underinvestment in public health and healthcare, inequality, high labor informality, low productivity, and weak democratic governance. Indeed, these structural weaknesses made LAC among the worst coronavirus-affected regions in human and socioeconomic terms. Going forward, the region's leaders must address the risks and opportunities that will shape the post-COVID future. Which key uncertainties will drive the region forward in the coming years, for better or worse? What are the major opportunities and risks facing governments, the private sector, and citizens, and to what extent can they effectively anticipate and navigate them? This report provides an outside-the-box framework to help unpack these questions and to challenge static assumptions about today's rapidly changing world. Building upon a robust scenario-planning exercise involving eighty-plus experts, the report identifies three main drivers of change--labeled as the dominant configuring factors (DCFs)--that will shape the region's post-COVID-19 future."
Atlantic Council of the United States
Zhang, Pepe; Engelke, Peter O.; Van Velkinburgh, Sara
2021-04
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MMWR Early Release: Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, March 31, 2021: Death Certificate-based ICD-10 Diagnosis Codes for COVID-19 Mortality Surveillance -- United States, January-December 2020
The Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR) Series is prepared by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). [It] is the agency's primary vehicle for scientific publication of timely, reliable, authoritative, accurate, objective, and useful public health information and recommendations. This early release issue of MMWR contains the following article: "MMWR Early Release: Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, March 31, 2021: Death Certificate-based ICD [International Classification of Diseases]-10 Diagnosis Codes for COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] Mortality Surveillance -- United States, January-December 2020" Notifiable Diseases and Mortality Tables from MMWR can be accessed at the following link [http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/index2021.html].
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
2021-03-31
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MMWR Early Release: Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, March 31, 2021: Provisional Mortality Data -- United States, 2020
The Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR) Series is prepared by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). [It] is the agency's primary vehicle for scientific publication of timely, reliable, authoritative, accurate, objective, and useful public health information and recommendations. This early release issue of MMWR contains the following article: "Provisional Mortality Data -- United States, 2020." Notifiable Diseases and Mortality Tables from MMWR can be accessed at the following link [http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/index2021.html].
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
2021-03-31
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WTO: Ministerial Delay, COVID-19, and Ongoing Issues [Updated March 31, 2021]
From the Overview: "Due to the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic,the World Trade Organization (WTO) postponed its 12th Ministerial Conference (MC12) until November 2021. The biennial meeting, which usually involves active U.S. participation, was widely anticipated as an action forcing event for the WTO amid serious challenges facing the global trading system. Some members had hoped key results for ongoing negotiations could help bolster the WTO's relevance. In addition, a dispute settlement crisis continues, with the Appellate Body ceasing to operate in December 2019, and no consensus on solutions. Broader reforms of the institution also remain under active discussion, including some U.S. proposals. While MC12 and other meetings were suspended, members have attempted to continue some WTO operations virtually. The new WTO Director-General (DG) is also getting settled into her new role. The post had been vacant since fall 2020, after the Trump Administration objected to Nigeria's Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala, the candidate who had received the majority of WTO member support. The Biden Administration supported her candidacy, removing a major obstacle to her official appointment on February 15, 2021. The WTO can play a unique role in coordinating global trade responses, which could be critical in mitigating the global economic and trade downturn in the wake of COVID-19."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Cimino-Isaacs, Cathleen D.; Fefer, Rachel F.; Fergusson, Ian F.
2021-03-31
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Emergency Rental Assistance Through the Coronavirus Relief Fund [Updated March 31, 2021]
From the Introduction: "The Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021 (P.L. 116-260) included an appropriation of $25 billion to help low-income households make rent and utility payments through an Emergency Rental Assistance (ERA) program.The ERA is funded through the Coronavirus Relief Fund (CRF), a program created as part of the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) Act (P.L. 116-136), and administered by the Department of the Treasury, to assist state, local, territorial, and tribal governments. While the CARES Act CRF appropriation could be used for multiple purposes, the ERA appropriation in P.L. 116-260 is directed only to rent and utility assistance and housing stability services. A second appropriation--of $21.550 billion--for ERA was included in Section 3201 of the American Rescue Plan Act (P.L. 117-2). This report briefly describes the need for rental assistance during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, provides information about the allocation of ERA funds, describes the parameters of the ERA program, and discusses outstanding questions about the program and renter needs."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Driessen, Grant A.; McCarty, Maggie; Perl, Libby
2021-03-31
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Tabulating COVID-19-Related Fraud and Financial Loss [March 31, 2021]
From the Document: "Fraudsters have leveraged [hyperlink] the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic to take advantage of both individuals and organizations. Their schemes [hyperlink] range from posing as representatives of a charitable organization or government agency and tricking individuals into providing money or personally identifiable information (PII), to selling bogus or counterfeit treatments or vaccines for COVID-19 or protective equipment and medical devices, that may or may not be delivered after victims submit payment. Scammers have also tried to use stolen PII to gain access to and steal unemployment benefits and economic impact payments provided pursuant to the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (CARES Act; P.L. 116-136) and other legislation aimed at providing COVID-19-related relief and recovery. While the pandemic has created new opportunities for fraudsters, they still rely upon a number of tried-and-true tools to scam victims [hyperlink] or gain access to information, accounts, and resources. For instance, they continue to make robocalls, phish [hyperlink] for information through emails and social media, install malware on unsuspecting users' devices, and exploit technology vulnerabilities. In addition, criminals leverage both the surface web and dark web [hyperlink] to facilitate these schemes. In conducting oversight over federal law enforcement's efforts [hyperlink] to investigate COVID-19-related fraud and the associated financial losses, policymakers may look to available data surrounding these scams to aid them with their work."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Finklea, Kristin M.
2021-03-31
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COVID-19 Relief Assistance to Small Businesses: Issues and Policy Options [Updated March 31, 2021]
From the Summary: "The U.S. Small Business Administration (SBA) administers several types of programs to support small businesses, including direct disaster loan programs for businesses, homeowners, and renters; loan guaranty and venture capital programs; management and technical assistance training programs; and contracting programs.Congressional interest in these programs has become especially acute in the wake of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic's widespread adverse economic impact on the national economy. This report provides a brief description of the SBA's programs and examines congressional action to assist small businesses during and immediately following the Great Recession (2007- 2009) and during the COVID-19 pandemic."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Dilger, Robert Jay, 1954-; Lindsay, Bruce R.; Lowry, Sean
2021-03-31
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US Employment Inequality in the Great Recession and the COVID-19 Pandemic
From the Abstract: "This article compares inequality in US employment across social groups in the Great Recession and the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic. We develop an inequality measure that captures both how much employment declines during a recession and the persistence of those declines. The results show a significant shift of job loss from men in the Great Recession to women in the COVID-19 lockdown. White workers fare better than other racial/ethnic groups in both recessions. Black and Hispanic women are hit especially hard in the COVID-19 pandemic. With our job loss measure, less educated workers had modestly worse outcomes in the Great Recession. However, during COVID-19, less educated workers suffer much more severe employment consequences than more educated groups. We discuss long-term effects of employment inequality and how these findings are relevant to debates about policy responses."
Institute for New Economic Thinking
Fazzari, Steven M.; Needler, Ella
2021-03-31
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Behavioral Health: Patient Access, Provider Claims Payment, and the Effect of the COVID-19 Pandemic
From the Document: "This report describes: (1) what is known about the need for and availability of behavioral health services, and how these have changed during the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic; and (2) what issues selected stakeholders identified regarding the payment of claims for behavioral health services. To examine what is known about the need for and availability of behavioral health services and how they have changed during the pandemic, we reviewed relevant survey data and analyses. Specifically, we reviewed data from Phases 1, 2, and 3 of the Household Pulse Survey through February 15, 2021, as reported by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) National Center for Health Statistics, which includes questions on the frequency of anxiety and depression symptoms. We assessed the reliability of these data by reviewing relevant agency documentation and written information from agency officials and by checking for obvious errors. We determined that these data were sufficiently reliable for the purpose of describing reported effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on behavioral health symptoms and demand for treatment."
United States. Government Accountability Office
2021-03-31
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Housing Funding in the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 [March 31, 2021]
From the Document: "According to Census data from late February 2021, nearly 19% of renters [hyperlink] and more than 10% of homeowners with a mortgage [hyperlink] reported having fallen behind in their housing payments during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. In response, the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 (ARPA; P.L. [public law] 117-2), enacted in mid-March 2021, included nearly $43 billion in mandatory funding for housing-related programs intended to assist people experiencing housing instability and homelessness. (In addition to funding housing programs, ARPA provided cash to individuals [e.g., individual relief payments, refundable tax credits, and enhanced unemployment benefits] that may also help families pay their housing costs.) [...] Funded programs include those developed specifically to respond to the COVID-19 pandemic (e.g., the Emergency Rental Assistance program and Homeowner Assistance Fund), as well as existing programs. In some cases, ARPA directed that funding provided through existing programs be used in new ways to serve people experiencing homelessness (e.g., Emergency Housing Vouchers and HOME [Home Investment Partnerships Program] funds); in other cases, the funds are to be used to respond to the pandemic largely within existing program parameters (e.g., Native American and rural housing programs). This Insight includes a funding table followed by a list of each program funded and a brief description of how funds can be used."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Jones, Katie; Perl, Libby; McCarty, Maggie
2021-03-31
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Federal Eviction Moratoriums in Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic [Updated March 30, 2021]
From the Document: "On September 4, 2020, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) imposed a nationwide temporary federal moratorium on residential evictions [hyperlink] for nonpayment of rent. The stated purpose of the order is preventing the further spread of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), specifically by preventing homelessness and overcrowded housing conditions resulting from eviction. The action, which followed an Executive Order [hyperlink] directing the CDC to consider such a measure, is unprecedented, both in terms of the federal reach into what is traditionally state and local governance of landlord-tenant law and its use of a public health authority [hyperlink] for this purpose. The national eviction moratorium took effect less than two weeks after the expiration of a different and narrower set of eviction protections established by the CARES [Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security] Act (§4024) [hyperlink]. This Insight compares the two eviction moratoriums across several key features and ends with a review of implementation issues raised by the CDC moratorium."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
McCarty, Maggie; Perl, Libby
2021-03-30
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WHO-convened Global Study of Origins of SARS-CoV-2: China Part
From the Summary: "In May 2020, the World Health Assembly in resolution WHA73.1 requested the Director-General of the World Health Organization (WHO) to continue to work closely with the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE), the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and countries, as part of the One Health approach, to identify the zoonotic source of the virus and the route of introduction to the human population, including the possible role of intermediate hosts. The aim is to prevent both reinfection with the virus in animals and humans and the establishment of new zoonotic reservoirs, thereby reducing further risks of the emergence and transmission of zoonotic diseases. In July 2020, WHO and China began the groundwork for studies to better understand the origins of the virus. Terms of Reference (TORs) were agreed that defined a phased approach, and the scope of studies, the main guiding principles and expected deliverables. The TORs envisaged an initial Phase 1 of shortterm studies to better understand how the virus might have been introduced and started to circulate in Wuhan, China."
World Health Organization
2021-03-30?
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COVID-19 Response: Broadband Funding for Tribes, Tribal Colleges and Universities, the Bureau of Indian Affairs, the Bureau of Indian Education, and the Indian Health Service [Updated March 30, 2021]
From the Document: "Three recent enacted laws that, in whole or in part, address the effects of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic provided both direct and indirect broadband funding for American Indian tribes, tribal colleges and universities, the Bureau of Indian Affairs, the Bureau of Indian Education, and the Indian Health Service (collectively, 'tribal entities'). They are [1] the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) Act, P.L. [public law] 116-136; [2] Division N of Title IX of the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021 (CAA, 2021), P.L. 116-260; and [3] the American Rescue Plan Act (ARPA), P.L. 117-2. This In Focus lists major broadband programs funded by these three laws as well as potential additional funding in subsequently proposed legislation."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Figliola, Patricia Moloney; Rachfal, Colby Leigh; Casey, Alyssa R. . . .
2021-03-30
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Public Law 117-6: PPP Extension Act of 2021
From the Document: "An Act [t]o amend the Small Business Act and the CARES [Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security] Act to extend the covered period for the paycheck protection program, and for other purposes."
United States. Government Publishing Office
2021-03-30
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Unequal Inequality Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic
From the Document: "GDP [gross domestic product] contractions are typically associated with within-country income inequality increases. While official income inequality data for 2020 will not be available for about two years, the already available employment data for 2020 shows that the difference between highly-educated and low-educated people in terms of job losses is correlated with the economic shock from the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic, suggesting that the depth of the economic recession is related to the increase in within-country income inequality in 2020. Scenarios based on historical patterns of recessions and within-country income inequality increases suggest relatively small increases in global income inequality in 2020. Factors mitigating global inequality increases in 2020 include larger GDP 'per-capita' declines in richer advanced countries than in poorer emerging and developing countries, and the positive GDP growth of China, which suggests that within-country inequality in the world's most populous country might have not changed much in 2020. In contrast, it is quite likely there was a significant increase in European Union income inequality in 2020, partly reversing the decline during the previous decades."
Bruegel (Organisation)
Darvas, Zsolt M.
2021-03-30
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MMWR Early Release: Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, March 29, 2021: Interim Estimates of Vaccine Effectiveness of BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273 COVID-19 Vaccines in Preventing SARS-CoV-2 Infection Among Health Care Personnel, First Responders, and Other Essential and Frontline Workers -- Eight U.S. Locations, December 2020-March 2021
The Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR) Series is prepared by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). [It] is the agency's primary vehicle for scientific publication of timely, reliable, authoritative, accurate, objective, and useful public health information and recommendations. This early release issue of MMWR contains the following article: "Interim Estimates of Vaccine Effectiveness of BNT162b2 and mRNA [messenger RiboNucleic Acid]-1273 COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] Vaccines in Preventing SARS-CoV-2 [severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2] Infection Among Health Care Personnel, First Responders, and Other Essential and Frontline Workers -- Eight U.S. Locations, December 2020-March 2021." Notifiable Diseases and Mortality Tables from MMWR can be accessed at the following link [http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/index2021.html].
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
2021-03-29
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Domestic Funding for COVID-19 Vaccines: An Overview [Updated March 29, 2021]
From the Document: "To date, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has authorized for emergency use [hyperlink] three Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines; additional vaccines [hyperlink] may become available within months. Federal efforts to develop, manufacture, regulate, purchase, and distribute vaccines have involved a number of agencies. Under the Trump Administration, such efforts were largely organized under Operation Warp Speed [hyperlink] (OWS) led by the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) and the Department of Defense (DOD). Coordinated interagency efforts continue under the Biden Administration. Many aspects of federal domestic vaccine efforts have thus far been funded by appropriations in COVID-19 relief acts, especially funding to U.S. Public Health Service [hyperlink] (PHS) agencies and accounts. The following provides an overview of appropriations for selected domestic COVID-19 vaccine related activities. (With the exception of the mandatory funding provided by the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 (ARPA), all funding amounts discussed below are classified as discretionary [hyperlink].) The following is meant to inform a general understanding of available funding, but may not capture every federal account that can be used for vaccine-related activities. In general, many of the HHS appropriations are available for multiple years or until expended, and some of the funding is transferrable [hyperlink] between accounts by the HHS Secretary."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Sekar, Kavya
2021-03-29
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Public Law 117-5: COVID-19 Bankruptcy Relief Extension Act of 2021
From the Document: "An Act [t]o amend the CARES [Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security] Act to extend the sunset for the definition of a small business debtor, and for other purposes."
United States. Government Publishing Office
2021-03-27
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MMWR Early Release: Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, March 26, 2021: Symptoms of Anxiety or Depressive Disorder and Use of Mental Health Care Among Adults During the COVID-19 Pandemic -- United States, August 2020-February 2021
The Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR) Series is prepared by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). [It] is the agency's primary vehicle for scientific publication of timely, reliable, authoritative, accurate, objective, and useful public health information and recommendations. This early release issue of MMWR contains the following article: "Symptoms of Anxiety or Depressive Disorder and Use of Mental Health Care Among Adults During the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] Pandemic -- United States, August 2020-February 2021." Notifiable Diseases and Mortality Tables from MMWR can be accessed at the following link [http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/index2021.html].
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
2021-03-26
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Global COVID-19 Vaccine Distribution [March 26, 2021]
From the Background: "The COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic has led to severe health and economic consequences across the globe, as governments work to contain the spread of the virus and its variants. Officials have instituted a range of physical lockdowns and quarantine measures. In late 2020, researchers identified several new COVID-19 variants, which present challenges to pandemic control. For example, parts of Brazil, South Africa, and the United Kingdom are experiencing surges in COVID-19 cases believed to be caused in part by variants that have emerged in those countries. Vaccines and other countermeasures are playing a growing role in COVID-19 control. Researchers continue to study the safety and effectiveness of various COVID-19 vaccine candidates. Congress has appropriated approximately $15 billion through supplemental appropriations (P.L. 116-123, P.L. 116-136, P.L. 116-260, and P.L. 117-2) for a range of global COVID-19 responses. Congress authorized the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) to use $4 billion of those funds in support of multilateral COVID19 vaccine efforts. Actions by the Biden Administration to deepen U.S. multilateral engagement, such as joining the COVID-19 Vaccines Global Access Facility (COVAX), may lead to additional U.S. government support for global COVID-19 control."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Tharakan, Sara M.; Salaam-Blyther, Tiaji
2021-03-26
