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Comparison of Seasonal, Avian, and Pandemic Influenza Infection Control Recommendations for Healthcare Workers
This document, produced by the San Francisco Department of Public Health, compares and contrasts seasonal, avian and pandemic influenzas. It also includes recommendations and precautions for healthcare workers on each of the three diseases.
San Francisco (Calif.). Department of Public Health
2006-03-21
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Colleges and Universities Pandemic Influenza Planning Checklist
In the event of an influenza pandemic, colleges and universities will play an integral role in protecting the health and safety of students, employees and their families. The Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) have developed the following checklist as a framework to assist colleges and universities to develop and/or improve plans to prepare for and respond to an influenza pandemic."
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
2006-03-20
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School District (K-12) Pandemic Influenza Planning Checklist
"The key planning activities in this checklist build upon existing contingency plans recommended for school districts by the U.S. Department of Education (Practical Information on Crisis Planning: A Guide For Schools and Communities."
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
2006-03-20
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Medical Offices and Clinics Pandemic Influenza Planning Checklist
"This checklist is modeled after a pandemic preparedness checklist for hospitals and should be used in conjunction with guidance on healthcare preparedness planning in Supplement 3 of the HHS Pandemic Influenza Plan. Many of the issues included in the checklist are also relevant to other outpatient settings that provide episodic and chronic healthcare services (e.g., dental, podiatric, and chiropractic offices, ambulatory surgery centers, hemodialysis centers). Given the variety of healthcare settings, individual medical offices and clinics may need to adapt this checklist to meet their unique needs."
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
2006-03-20
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Child Care and Preschool Pandemic Influenza Planning Checklist
"Child care and preschool programs can help protect the health of their staff and the children and families they serve. Interruptions in child care services during an influenza (flu) pandemic may cause conflicts for working parents that could result in high absenteeism in workplaces. Some of that absenteeism could be expected to affect personnel and workplaces that are critical to the emergency response system. The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) offer this checklist to help programs prepare for the effects of a flu pandemic."
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
2006-03-20
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Avian Flu Crisis: An Economic Update
This report discusses the economic costs of a pandemic flu on a global scale. It uses a model adopted from one used by the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) considering the trade and supply chain effects of a global pandemic. It predicts that a mild global pandemic would reduce annual GDP growth rates by 2 percentage points from what it would otherwise be. It estimates that a pandemic on the scale of the 1918 Spanish Influenza would reduce global GDP by 6 percentage points.
BMO Nesbitt Burns
2006-03-13?
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Preparedness Planning Considerations for Pandemic Flu Virus
"Communities throughout California have begun to study the potential impacts of a major flu outbreak and have initiated plans and procedures to mitigate the effects of a deadly and disruptive flu pandemic should it arise. The occurrence and spread of the flu virus throughout California will present unique challenges and demand extraordinary effort by law enforcement agencies and personnel. Therefore, law enforcement agencies, at all levels of government, are strongly encouraged to engage in pandemic flu preparedness planning activities in coordination and cooperation with their respective health departments, emergency medical services, emergency management agencies, fire services, and other pertinent organizations. This bulletin has been prepared to assist law enforcement agencies in recognizing the severity and need to prepare for a flu pandemic, offer key considerations, and provide notable internet sites for further research and reference."
California. Office of Emergency Services. Law Enforcement Division
Gerber, Robert
2006-03-13
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New Mexico Department of Health Emergency Operations Plan - Appendix 2 Draft: Pandemic Influenza Emergency Response
"Influenza illness is caused by a highly contagious virus that spreads easily from one person to another. Symptoms of influenza infection include rapid onset of high fever, chills, sore throat, runny nose , severe headache, nonproductive cough, body aches and fatigue. Secondary infections can lead to further complications and significantly contribute to influenza related morbidity and mortality. The influenza virus has several natural animal reservoirs allowing the virus to change genetically as strains are able to re -assort and recombine in different species. The new or novel virus strains that emerge from this process may adapt to efficient human -to - human transmission, leading to a pandemic."
New Mexico. Department of Health
2006-03-10
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South Dakota Department of Public Health: Pandemic Influenza Plan
"Influenza viruses are unique in their ability to cause sudden, pervasive infection in all age groups on a global scale. Although influenza is a yearly seasonal illness, three influenza pandemics have occurred in the 20th century. One of which -- the infamous 'Spanish flu [H1N1]' of 1918 -- was responsible for more than twenty million deaths worldwide and greater than 550,000 deaths in the U.S. The more recent pandemics of 1957 (A/Asia [H2N2]) and 1968 (A/Hong Kong [H3N2]) had lower rates of morbidity and social disruption. Influenza is a viral infection of the nose, throat, bronchial tubes and lungs. Typical flu symptoms include headache, fever, chills, cough, and body aches which occur within one to three days after exposure to an infected person. Although most people are ill for only a few days, some people have a much more serious illness, such as pneumonia, and may need to be hospitalized. In the United States, approximately 36,000 people die and 200,000 are hospitalized each year from the flu or related complications. Influenza is highly contagious and is easily transmitted through contact with droplets from the nose and throat of an infected person who is coughing, talking or sneezing. […] Response to pandemic influenza will use the same infrastructure as seasonal influenza, other public health emergencies and response to bioterrorism events. This plan is designed as an annex to the South Dakota All-Hazards Emergency Operations Plan (EOP) (see Appendix 2 for responsibility matrix from EOP) and links into the Strategic National Stockpile Plan. The overall guidance used was the Health and Human Services (HHS) Pandemic Influenza Plan."
South Dakota. Department of Health
2006-03-09
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South Dakota Department of Health: Pandemic Influenza Plan
South Dakota's Pandemic Influenza Plan provides guidance to state departments and agencies on preparedness and response activities to counter the impact of a pandemic influenza outbreak.
South Dakota. Department of Health
2006-03-09
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Bioterrorism & Infectious Disease Manual for Clinicians (2006)
"Health care providers will be the first to recognize and respond to an emerging infectious disease or bioterrorism event. Early detection by astute clinicians and rapid reporting to the local Health Department will be critical in minimizing the impact of a bioterrorism event or other infectious disease emergency. [...] This manual is intended to serve as a resource and guide for clinical personnel regarding various aspects of large-scale biological, chemical, and radiologic events. Use of this guide is expected to strengthen surveillance for and response to such public health emergencies."
Yolo County (Calif.). Health Department
2006-03
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Hospital Pandemic Influenza Guidelines: Acute Care Hospital Settings
"The Hospital Pandemic Influenza Guidelines in Acute Care Hospital Settings have been prepared by Los Angeles County Department of Health Services (LAC DHS), and now include recommendations from the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). These guidelines are designed to assist those responsible for managing pandemic influenza in traditional health care settings such as acute care (hospitals) settings. This document presents an overview of infection prevention and control policies and procedures that will be critical to minimize the transmission of pandemic influenza, with or without the availability of immunization or chemoprophylaxis, and for preventing other infectious diseases. It is recognized that certain recommendations may be feasible only in the early phases of the pandemic as they may not be achievable as the pandemic spreads and resources become scarce. Part A describes a foundation to develop an infection control/occupational health (IC/OH) plan for the management of pandemic influenza with particular focus on influenza transmission, routine practices, pandemic influenza education and public health restrictions. Major attention is given to the management of health care workers during an influenza pandemic. Recommendations for the use of influenza vaccine and antivirals for health care workers (HCWs) and patients are included in these guidelines and they are fully outlined in the vaccine and antiviral sections. Part A also explains the lack of evidence to support the use of masks to prevent transmission of influenza during previous pandemics. The evidence shows that, in the early phase of an influenza pandemic, it may be prudent for HCWs to wear masks when interacting in close face-to-face contact with coughing individuals to minimize influenza transmission."
Los Angeles County (Calif.). Department of Health Services
2006-03-01
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Emergency Medical Service (EMS) and Non-Emergent (Medical) Transport Organizations Pandemic Influenza Planning Checklist
This checklist identifies key areas for pandemic influenza planning. EMS and non-emergent (medical) transport organizations can use this tool to self-assess and identify the strengths and weakness of current planning.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
2006-03-01
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Emergency Medical Service and Non-Emergent (Medical) Transport Organizations Pandemic Influenza Planning Checklist
This checklist developed by the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is geared towards helping "emergency medical services (EMS) and non-emergent (medical) transport organizations assess and improve their preparedness for responding to pandemic influenza. EMS organizations will be involved in the transport of acutely ill patients with known or suspected pandemic influenza to emergency departments; some of these patients might require mechanical ventilation for life support and/or other lifesaving interventions. Non-emergent (medical) transport organizations will be called upon to transport recovering pandemic influenza patients to their home, residential care facility, or possibly to alternate care sites set up by state or local health departments. [...] This checklist identifies key areas for pandemic influenza planning. EMS and non-emergent (medical) transport organizations can use this tool to self-assess and identify the strengths and weakness of current planning. Links to websites with information are provided throughout the document. However, actively seeking information that is available locally or at the state level will be necessary to complete the development of the plan. Also, for some elements of the plan (e.g., education and training programs), information may not be immediately available and monitoring of selected websites for new and updated information will be necessary."
United States. Department of Health and Human Services
2006-03-01
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Idaho Pandemic Influenza Response Plan
Idaho's Pandemic Influenza Response Plan provides guidance for state departments and agencies to counter the anticipated impact of a pandemic influenza outbreak.
Idaho. Department of Health & Welfare
2006-03
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Home Health Care Services Pandemic Influenza Planning Checklist
"Planning for pandemic influenza is critical. The Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention have developed the following checklist to help public and private organizations that provide home health care services assess and improve their preparedness for responding to pandemic influenza. Home health agencies will likely be called upon to provide care for patients who do not require hospitalization for pandemic influenza, or for whom hospitalization is not an option because hospitals have reached their capacity to admit patients. These agencies may become overburdened very quickly and shortages of personnel and supplies for providing home health care may occur. This checklist is modeled after the one included in the HHS Pandemic Influenza Plan. This checklist identifies key areas for pandemic influenza planning. Home health care organizations can use this tool to identify the strengths and weaknesses of current planning efforts. Links to websites with information are provided throughout the document. However, actively seeking information that is available locally or at the state level will be necessary to complete the development of the plan. Also, for some elements of the plan (e.g., education and training programs), information may not be immediately available and it will be necessary to monitor selected websites for new and updated information."
United States. Department of Health and Human Services
2006-03-01
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Meeting Report: Hospital Preparedness for Pandemic Influenza
"On March 1, 2006, the Center for Biosecurity of the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center convened a meeting of senior government officials, hospital leaders, clinicians, and public health officials on Hospital Preparedness for Pandemic Influenza in Baltimore, Maryland. A list of meeting participants is provided in Appendix 1. Individual comments were not for attribution so as to foster a frank and open discussion. The purpose of the meeting was to examine ways the U.S. healthcare community, and especially hospitals, can prepare to care for the large number of patients that would be expected during an influenza pandemic. At the meeting, the group was asked to discuss the serious challenges hospitals and communities will confront, to try to reach accord on what high-level solutions should be pursued, and to examine actions and next steps that the group or others might take to bring about such changes"
Biosecurity and Bioterrorism: Biodefense Strategy, Practice, and Science; Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.
2006-03
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Preparing for Pandemic Influenza in Manitoba
This is a summary document that highlights key facts about pandemic influenza, public, health preparedness activities in Manitoba and how a public health response to pandemic, influenza will be handled in Manitoba. The goal of this document is to provide information, to the public about pandemic influenza, how public health is preparing, and how, individuals and families can prepare themselves.
Manitoba. Department of Health
2006-03
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Review of the Suspicious Activity Reports Regime (The SARs Review)
"This review of the SARs [Suspicious Activity Reports] regime was commissioned in July 2005. Its terms of reference required it to be conducted in consultation with those who would be affected by its outcome. They invited focus on the opportunities for enhancement of the regime presented by the creation of a new national agency, the Serious Organised Crime Agency (SOCA). SOCA will, on 1 April 2006, take over from the National Criminal Intelligence Service (NCIS) responsibility for the regime's Financial Intelligence Unit (FIU) and its database of SARs. [...] The recommendations arising from this review (listed at Appendix I of the main report) fall into four groups: those concerned with SOCA's discharge of its responsibilities as the FIU; those that bear on the responsibilities of the reporting sectors; those concerned with exploitation of SARs by the regime's end users; and one on the implementation of the recommendations."
Great Britain. Serious Organised Crime Agency
Lander, Stephen
2006-03
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Setting Priorities in Communicable Disease Surveillance
"These guidelines aim to assist public health professionals at [the] national level in the process of prioritization of communicable diseases/health events for public health surveillance. They represent a prototype for prioritization of communicable diseases, and describe the different steps in a prioritization exercise using a consensus methodology based on the Delphi method. They may need to be adapted depending on the organization of surveillance within a country, or for use in international collaborative settings where disease priorities may differ from those at national level. Prioritization is part of the process to strengthen a national surveillance system for communicable diseases and can be used as an aid in making decisions for resource allocation. Once the priorities are set, the adequacy of the existing surveillance system to cover the most important diseases needs to be reviewed and, if necessary, revised. Alternative methods of surveillance need to be considered and areas for improvement need to be identified. These guidelines focus on the prioritization of diseases for national surveillance but a similar process can be carried out to determine a list of communicable diseases for which a group of countries wants to undertake international, regional or cross-border surveillance. This will lead to a different list of diseases and different criteria, but the prioritization technique remains the same. The document is organized as follows: The introduction focuses on why, when and how to do a prioritization exercise; the following section describes the different steps of the prioritization exercise; and the final section covers the post-workshop activities."
World Health Organization. Epidemic and Pandemic Alert and Response
2006-03
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Idaho Pandemic Influenza Response
"At some point in the future, the world may be faced with another pandemic caused by a strain of influenza virus that spreads rapidly and causes extraordinarily high rates of illness and death higher, in fact, than virtually any other natural health threat. Because novel influenza viruses have the potential to spread rapidly, high levels of absenteeism in the workforce can quickly jeopardize essential community services including healthcare services throughout affected regions. Because no one can predict exactly when or where the next influenza pandemic will occur, and little time will be available to prepare after the pandemic is first identified, it is critically important to maximize our ability to respond effectively. As with any of the risks that we face, including natural disasters and the ongoing possibility of another terrorist attack, it is imperative that all segments of society be prepared for such a threat. […] In keeping with the national model, the Idaho Influenza Pandemic Response identifies responsible parties and prescribes necessary actions, based on the pandemic periods. The Idaho Pandemic Influenza Response was prepared utilizing documents from the following: the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Pandemic Influenza Plan November 2005 (HHS); the National Immunization Program; the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC); the World Health Organization (WHO); and referenced other state's Pandemic Influenza Plans. The Idaho Pandemic Influenza Response plan is an annex to the Idaho Department of Health and Welfare Public Health Preparedness and Response Plan. The response activities will be carried out in collaboration with District Health Departments, the Idaho Bureau of Homeland Security, and other local, state, and federal agencies and organizations."
Idaho. Department of Health & Welfare
2006-03
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Department of Veteran Affairs (VA): VA Pandemic Influenza Plan
"The VA Pandemic Influenza Plan is an operational document that is being added to existing emergency plans of the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) to provide VA and its three administrations with a foundation for preparation, response, and recovery stages of an influenza pandemic. The VA's three administrations are the Veterans Health Administration (VHA), the Veterans Benefits Administration (VBA), and the National Cemetery Administration (NCA)."
United States. Department of Veterans Affairs
2006-03
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Pandemic Influenza: What Business and Organization Leaders Need to Know About Pandemic Influenza Planning
"Health officials are concerned that the 'bird flu' emanating from Asia could mutate to a new strain of flu that humans have no natural immunity against, causing a pandemic flu. A pandemic flu would spread rapidly and easily from person to person, affecting all age groups. It would cause illness in a high proportion of those infected. The World Health Organization warns that a flu pandemic could infect between 25 and 30 percent of the world's population. This brochure offers guidance on how business and organization leaders can: Prepare for a flu pandemic to maintain continuity of operations, help protect employees' health, and work with health officials to minimize disruptions."
Alaska. Department of Health and Social Services
2006-03
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'Please Remain in Your Seat': The Federal Government's Role in Quarantine
"State health departments or health officials typically have primary quarantine authority. However, the federal government has jurisdiction over foreign and interstate quarantine. Quarantine is the 'the restriction of movement of a healthy person who has been exposed to a communicable disease in order to prevent contact with unexposed persons,' according to a definition favored by an attorney writing for Congressional Research Service. Quarantine is 'separation and restriction of movement of well persons presumed to have been exposed to contagion, according to a definition favored by a Centers for Disease Control quarantine public health officer, who hastens to add that quarantine 'may occur at home or residential facility, and may be voluntary or mandatory.'"
Suburban Emergency Management Project (U.S.)
2006-02-26
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SEMP Biot #334: 'Please Remain in Your Seat': The Federal Government's Role in Quarantine
"State health departments or health officials typically have primary quarantine authority. However, the federal government has jurisdiction over foreign and interstate quarantine. Quarantine is the 'the restriction of movement of a healthy person who has been exposed to a communicable disease in order to prevent contact with unexposed persons,' according to a definition favored by an attorney writing for Congressional Research Service. Quarantine is 'separation and restriction of movement of well persons presumed to have been exposed to contagion, according to a definition favored by a Centers for Disease Control quarantine public health officer, who hastens to add that quarantine 'may occur at home or residential facility, and may be voluntary or mandatory.'"
Suburban Emergency Management Project (U.S.)
2006-02-26
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Nebraska Pandemic Influenza Prevention and Control Guidelines
"Influenza viruses are unique in their ability to cause sudden infection in all age groups on a global scale. The infamous 'Spanish flu' of 1918-19 was responsible for more than 20 million deaths worldwide, primarily among young adults. Mortality rates associated with the more recent pandemics of 1957 and 1968 were reduced, in part, by antibiotic therapy for secondary bacterial infections and more aggressive supportive care. However, both of these later pandemics were associated with high rates of morbidity and social disruption. The Nebraska Department of Health and Human Services System (NEHHSS) in cooperation with the Governor's Pandemic Influenza Committee, and public, private, federal, state and local partners, has developed the Nebraska Pandemic Influenza Prevention and Control Guidelines to outline strategies by which pandemic influenza-related morbidity, mortality, and social disruption may be reduced. The Guidelines should be read and understood prior to an influenza pandemic. This is a dynamic document that will be updated to reflect new developments in the understanding of the influenza virus, it's spread, treatment and prevention."
Nebraska Health and Human Services System
2006-02-21
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Government's Response to the House of Lords Science and Technology Committee's Fourth Report of Session 2005-06 on Pandemic Influenza
"This Command Paper sets out the [United Kingdom (UK)] Government's response to the House of Lords Science and Technology Committees fourth report of Session 2005-06, on pandemic influenza. The Government regards planning to combat an influenza pandemic as one of its top emergency planning priorities. To drive planning forward and ensure effective cross-government co-ordination, a Cabinet Committee on Influenza Pandemic Planning (MISC32) has been created, and the Secretary of State for Health has been designated as the lead Government Minister. Planning for a Cabinet Committee specifically on pandemic influenza was initiated in October 2005 and the Committee was formally announced in early December 2005. As the Science and Technology Committee recognises, it may not be possible to prevent a pandemic occurring, but with good planning and preparation we can reduce its impact on the health of our population and consequently minimise the disruption to normal life and essential services. To that end, a considerable amount of work has been going on across central and local government and the NHS to prepare for a pandemic."
Great Britain. Department of Health
2006-02-16
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Maryland Department of Health and Mental Hygiene Summary of the Pandemic Influenza School System Tabletop Exercise
"On August 3, 2005, a pandemic influenza tabletop exercise was held in Ellicott City, Maryland. Sponsored by the Maryland Department of Health and Mental Hygiene (DHMH), Maryland Partnership for Prevention (MPP), and the Maryland State Department of Education (MSDE), the exercise addressed school system participation in a simulated response to pandemic influenza, and represents the first statewide joint school system/public health exercise on this topic...The purpose of the Maryland Pandemic Influenza Tabletop School System Exercise was to explore school-related issues, response roles, and decision-making in the context of a simulated event....The tabletop exercise demonstrated the active interest among school system, public health, and other agencies, in furthering pandemic influenza preparedness using a coordinated, collaborative approach. This approach builds on several unique assets that support close cooperation on matters relating to school health. Among these is the DHMH school health liaison to MSDE, two MSDE school health services specialists, a MSDE safety specialist, the Maryland State School Health Council, regulations supporting joint local planning on school health issues, and the presence of school nurses in every jurisdiction, some of which are employed by the local public health agency. The tabletop exercise also demonstrated that much work remains to be done in order to ensure that school systems are prepared to respond to a pandemic influenza event, and exercise participants offered substantive insight into ways in which this can be accomplished."
Maryland. Department of Health and Mental Hygiene
Taylor, Jean
2006-02-10
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Missouri Department of Health and Senior Services Pandemic Influenza Plan
The purpose of this plan is: "To provide an effective response to Pandemic Influenza resulting from natural causes or a terrorist release. This response will reduce the impact on public health (i.e. reduce illness and save lives) and maintain essential services while minimizing economic loss. The following response plan will be implemented after a novel influenza strain begins to spread readily from person to person, and it is geared toward action and specific responsibilities, and designed to complement existing DHSS emergency response plans. […] Epidemics of influenza occur annually in the United States, and the Department of Health and Senior Services runs an ongoing program of education, surveillance, control and prevention to minimize the effects of these epidemics. […] If an unexpected epidemic should occur as a result of a known circulating strain of influenza, parts of the pandemic flu plan would be implemented to minimize the outbreak. The parts implemented would depend upon the specifics of the outbreak and would be determined in consultation with CDC, DHSS experts, local public health agencies, and local and state elected officials."
Missouri. Department of Health & Senior Services
2006-02-09
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Secure & Prepared [February 07, 2006]
This is the February 07, 2006 issue of Secure & Prepared, which is published by the Iowa Homeland Security & Emergency Management Division. Found in this issue are articles titled: "Iowa Hosts Pandemic Flu Summit"; "Department of Homeland Security Launches Ready Kids"; and "Hazardous Materials Transportation Workshop Coming to Ankeny April 4".
Iowa. Homeland Security and Emergency Management Division
2006-02-07
