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COVID-19, Fiscal Federalism and Provincial Debt: Have We Reached a Critical Juncture?
From the Introduction: "In 2019, Canada's gross subnational debt to GDP [gross domestic product] was well over 40 per cent, easily the highest in the world[.] This level will only grow as the provinces grapple with the pandemic and its fiscal effects. Some believe surging provincial debts have brought Canadian federalism to a critical juncture: they have greatly increased the odds of federal measures to stabilize provincial finances. This article assesses this claim. The cleanest and most balanced path to fiscal sustainability is a combination of enhanced federal transfers, which would bolster provincial fiscal capacity, and national fiscal rules, which would constrain provincial borrowing. But the former is unlikely to restore sustainability on its own, and the latter would require a severe provincial debt crisis, which Canada's existing fiscal federal structures can avoid. COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] has increased the odds of certain reforms, and it is difficult to predict their long-run effects. But any obvious paths to fiscal sustainability remain hidden."
Cambridge University Press
Hanniman, Kyle
2020
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One Pandemic Four Lockdowns States of Disarray
Not all states are in the same boat: [1] India has entered the fourth phase of lockdown necessitated by the Covid-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic; [2] Lockdown 1.0 (March 25-April 14) and Lockdown 2.0 (April 15-May 3) were most stringent as 'non-essential' activities throughout the country came to a standstill. Lockdown 3.0 (May 4-May 17) allowed some easing with zones classified into red, orange and green as per the virus' spread. With lockdown 4.0 (from May 18-May 31), India is slated to go through 68 days of lockdown; [3] At the all-India level, the virus spread and lockdowns, and restrictions have pummelled economic activity. While all states were near-uniformly hit during the first and second lockdown phases, the third and fourth would impact them differently[.]
Credit Rating Information Services of India Ltd.
2020-05-19
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Examining the Need for Eye Protection for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Prevention in the Community
From the Document: "As the world reopens after extreme social distancing designed to flatten the curve and protect hospitals, it appears that even countries that had controlled coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) with widespread testing and contact tracing, such as South Korea and Singapore, are seeing increased case counts. One proposed method for reducing transmission as society reopens is requiring the public to wear face coverings, including cotton face masks or face shields. An important factor that distinguishes face shields from masks is eye protection. Yet the importance of eye protection in the prevention of COVID-19 and other coronaviruses is underappreciated, which has led to public health authorities recommending cotton face masks over potentially more protective alternatives, such as face shields. The mucous membranes of healthcare workers (HCWs), including the conjunctiva, may be exposed to respiratory droplets from the patient. The importance of eye protection during care of patients with novel coronaviruses was recognized in 2003 during the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-1) outbreaks and subsequent Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) outbreaks."
Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America
Marra, Alexandre R.; Edmond, Michael B.; Popescu, Saskia V. . . .
2020
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RT-PCR Tests for SARS-COV-2 Processed at a Large Italian Hospital and False-Negative Results Among Confirmed COVID-19 Cases
From the Document: "In Italy, the first autochthonous case of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was detected on February 21, 2020. By mid April 2020, >15,000 persons had been infected in the country and >20,000 had died. More than 1 million upper respiratory specimens were collected through nasopharyngeal or oropharyngeal swabs2 for infection confirmation or screening purposes. The proportion of the population with confirmed infection varies across the 20 Italian regions, as does the number of swabs collected per population unit. Real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is used to test for severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in the specimens collected through swabs, as recommended by the World Health Organization for clinical management and outbreak control purposes. It is currently the gold standard for the etiological diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection."
Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America
Valent, Francesca; Doimo, Anna; Mazzilis, Giada . . .
2020
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ACRP Insight Event: Flight Plan to Recovery: Preparing Airports and Their Partners for the Return of the Flying Public [video]
From the Video Description: "ACRP [[Airport Cooperative Research Program] conducted a virtual Insight Event on May 28, 2020 to hear from industry thought leaders from the airport ecosystem including government, airports, airlines, and other stakeholders on current and ongoing practices in restoring traveler confidence in air travel in response to COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019]. The entire event includes presentations focused on strategies and case studies in public health, safety, operations, and fincial [sic] sustainability to help airports navigate the new normal." The duration of the video is 3 hours, 49 minutes and 27 seconds.
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
2020-05-28
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ACRP Insight Event: Airlines--discussion and Highlights of What Plans Are in Place [video]
From the Video Description: "ACRP [Airport Cooperative Research Program] conducted a virtual Insight Event on May 28, 2020 to hear from industry thought leaders from the airport ecosystem including government, airports, airlines, and other stakeholders on current and ongoing practices in restoring traveler confidence in air travel in response to COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019]. This session includes Kirk Hotelling of American Airlines, and Andrew Boyett with Southwest Airlines discussing what they have been doing at their respective airline." The duration of this video is 34 minutes and 47 seconds.
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
2020-06-04
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ACRP Insight Event: Other Stakeholders, Challenges of Social Distancing and Touchless Environment [video]
From the Video Description: "ACRP [Airport Cooperative Research Program] conducted a virtual Insight Event on May 28, 2020 to hear from industry thought leaders from the airport ecosystem including government, airports, airlines, and other stakeholders on current and ongoing practices in restoring traveler confidence in air travel in response to COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019]. This session includes Joe Thornton of HMS Host and Rob Mitchell of Uber discussing what they have been doing at their respective organization." The duration of this video is 38 minutes and 22 seconds.
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
2020-06-04
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ACRP Insight Event: Questions and Answers [video]
From the Video Description: "ACRP [Airport Cooperative Research Program] conducted a virtual Insight Event on May 28, 2020 to hear from industry thought leaders from the airport ecosystem including government, airports, airlines, and other stakeholders on current and ongoing practices in restoring traveler confidence in air travel in response to COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019]. This session includes questions from the participants with answers provided by the presenters." The duration of this video is 35 minutes and 30 seconds.
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
2020-06-04
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How COVID-19 is Changing the World: A Statistical Perspective
From the Introduction: "COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] has turned the world upside down. [...] Throughout this crisis, the international statistics community has continued to work together, in partnership with national statistical offices and systems around the world to ensure that the best quality data and statistics are available to support decision making during and after the crisis. [...] The statistics presented in this report are unprecedented. We are witnessing data points and inflections in trends that would have been unimaginable only a few months ago. New statistical records are being set on an almost weekly basis. By the end of April, 212 countries, territories or areas had reported confirmed cases of COVID-19. In the first four months of 2020, more than 3 million cases of infection had been confirmed and more than 210,000 deaths. Some startling economic numbers include a 9% year-on-year fall in global production and manufacturing output, nowcasts that the value of global merchandise trade will fall by almost 27% in Q2 [Quarter 2] 2020, the largest fall in global commodity prices on record (-20.4% between February and March 2020). On the social side, we see the shocking loss of employment - a decline of almost 10.5% in total working hours, the equivalent of 305 million full-time workers. Some 1.6 billion students have been affected by school closures and the crisis will push an additional 40 - 60 million people into extreme poverty."
Committee for the Coordination of Statistical Activities
2020
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Impact of SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic on Mental Health in the Elderly: Perspective from a Psychogeriatric Clinic at a Tertiary Hospital in São Paulo, Brazil
From the Document: "Recent studies emphasize the high frequency of subsyndromal mental abnormalities in the general population during the new coronavirus pandemic, affecting up to one-third of the exposed individuals (Rajkumar, 2020). These manifestations can be represented by a simple increase in the selfperception of stress, but also by a higher prevalence of anxiety and depression symptoms, sleep complaints and relapse of pre-existing psychiatric disorders (Pfefferbaum and North, 2020). This perspective has been depicted by early population studies conducted in eastern Asia in the first months of the pandemic but seems to be replicable in Western countries as well. In Brazil, much attention is being paid to this secondary but not less important wave of morbidity. The rapidly progressive dissemination of the viral infection causing a consistent growth of incidence rates, along with the high clinical severity of a substantial proportion of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases, may warrant the outburst of a true mental health crisis in the general population. To date, scientific publications addressing mental health issues in the Brazilian COVID-19 pandemic have focused on its impact on mental health professionals (Ornell 'et al.', 2020), and no systematic evaluation of the mental state of the elderly population has been made so far."
International Psychogeriatric Association
Forlenza, Orestes V.; Stella, Florindo
2020
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Interim Guidance for Use of Pooling Procedures in SARS-CoV-2 Diagnostic, Screening, and Surveillance Testing
From the Document: "Pooling--sometimes referred to as 'pool testing', 'pooled testing', or 'batch testing'--means combining respiratory samples from several people and conducting one laboratory test on the combined pool of samples to detect SARS-CoV-2 [severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2], the virus that causes COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019]."
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
2020-07-23
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Key Research Questions: What is the Impact of Virtual Visits (e.g. Videoconferencing, Telephone, Texting, Email) Compared with or in Addition to in-Person Visits on Process Outcomes, Patient and Provider Satisfaction, Quality of Care, and Access to Provider?
From the Context: "[1] During the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic, access to in-person ambulatory visits and procedures has been limited to urgent/emergent visits. [2] In order to reduce the potential for exposure to COVID-19, virtual visits have been recommended where clinically appropriate (for instance, in-person visits are still required where physical examination is crucial, for example, for chronic wound management). Virtual visits are being offered by physicians for patients with and without COVID-19, and have been a critical service in supporting Albertans, including those experiencing the psychological impact of COVID-19. Going forward post-COVID-19, it is anticipated that the demand for virtual visits will continue to be higher than pre-COVID-19."
Alberta Health Services
Cook, Charles; Cook, Lisa; Lunney, Meaghan . . .
2020-05-11
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COVID-19 and Pregnancy, Birth, Postpartum, and Breastfeeding: Information for Expectant and New Parents
From the Document: "Having a baby is a joyful, momentous time in your life. COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] doesn't change that, but it may have changed your plans, your ability to connect with family and friends, and your experience of pregnancy and first few months with your baby. Pay attention to your feelings and talk to your partner or someone you trust about them."
Alberta Health Services
2020-05-15
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COVID-19: Asymptomatic Carrier Transmission is an Underestimated Problem
From the Abstract: "At the present time, COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] is spreading rapidly. The global prevention and control of COVID-19 is focused on the estimation of the relevant incubation period, basic reproduction number (R0), effective reproduction number (Rt) and death risk. Although the prevention and control of COVID-19 requires a reliable estimation of the relevant incubation period, R0, Rt and death risk. Another key epidemiological parameter-asymptomatic ratio that provides strength and range for social alienation strategies of COVID-19, which is widely defined as the proportion of asymptomatic infections among all disease infections. In fact, the ratio of asymptomatic infection is a useful indicator of the burden of disease and a better measurement of the transmissibility of the virus. So far, people have not paid enough attention to asymptomatic carriers. The asymptomatic carriers discussed in this study are recessive infections, that is, those who have never shown symptoms after onset of infection. We will discuss three aspects: detection, infectivity and proportion of healthy carriers."
Cambridge University Press
Zhao, Hongjun; Lu, Xiaoxiao; Deng, Yibin . . .
2020-06-04
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Americans Give Higher Ratings to South Korea and Germany Than U.S. For Dealing with Coronavirus
From the Document: "With stunning speed, the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic has swept across borders, claiming victims and shutting down economies in nations across the globe. The crisis has generated a variety of policy responses from governments, with varying degrees of success. When asked how well different countries have responded to the outbreak, Americans give high marks to South Korea and Germany. In contrast, most believe China - where the pandemic is believed to have originated - has done an only fair or poor job."
Pew Research Center
2020-05-21
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ACRP Insight Event: Introduction and Welcome [video]
From the Video Description: "ACRP [Airport Cooperative Research Program] conducted a virtual Insight Event on May 28, 2020 to hear from industry thought leaders from the airport ecosystem including government, airports, airlines, and other stakeholders on current and ongoing practices in restoring traveler confidence in air travel in response to COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019]. This session was from Neil Pedersen, Executive Director of TRB [Transportation Research Board] who welcomed the participants, and Winfert Lenfert, Deputy Associate Administrator for the FAA [Federal Aviation Administration][.]" The duration of this video is 13 minutes and 43 seconds.
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
2020-06-04
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ACRP Insight Event: Airport Case Studies and Best Practices [video]
From the Video Description: "ACRP [Airport Cooperative Research Program] conducted a virtual Insight Event on May 28, 2020 to hear from industry thought leaders from the airport ecosystem including government, airports, airlines, and other stakeholders on current and ongoing practices in restoring traveler confidence in air travel in response to COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019]. This session includes Lance Lyttle of Seattle-Tacoma International Airport and Joe Lopano of Tampa International Airport discussing what they have been doing at their respective airport." The duration of this video is 37 minutes and 11 seconds.
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
2020-06-04
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ACRP Insight Event: Overture: An Industry Overview in the New Normal to Ensure the Health and Safety of Travelers [video]
From the Video Description: "ACRP [Airport Cooperative Research Program] conducted a virtual Insight Event on May 28, 2020 to hear from industry thought leaders from the airport ecosystem including government, airports, airlines, and other stakeholders on current and ongoing practices in restoring traveler confidence in air travel in response to COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019]." The duration of this video is 15 minutes and 59 seconds.
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
2020-06-04
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ACRP Insight Event: Health Update [video]
From the Video Description: "ACRP [Airport Cooperative Research Program] conducted a virtual Insight Event on May 28, 2020 to hear from industry thought leaders from the airport ecosystem including government, airports, airlines, and other stakeholders on current and ongoing practices in restoring traveler confidence in air travel in response to COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019]. This session was a Health Update with presentations by Dr. Hilarly Godwin, and Dr. Baruch Fischhoff." The duration of this video is 52 minutes and 19 seconds.
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
2020-06-04
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Spread of Coronavirus and Racial Disparities
From the Document: "As the coronavirus began to spread through the United States, it became clear that the pandemic was taking a particularly hard toll on communities of color, both medically and financially. There are numerous reasons for this disparate impact, and it's worth surveying some of the data around it. A better understanding of the coronavirus's impact can help guide effective policymaking going forward. As detailed here, the virus and economic fallout were simultaneously highlighting and exacerbating existing disparities. Two studies have recently identified the use of public transportation as a primary culprit of the increased rates of infections: Many essential workers, unable to work from home, are minorities and more likely to rely on public transit to get to work. The combination of being at work and riding public transportation significantly increases the risk of exposure to the virus."
American Action Forum
O'Neill Hayes, Tara
2020-07-10
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Covid-19 Fallout: Quantifying First-Cut Impact of the Pandemic
From the Document: "The Novel Coronavirus (Covid-19) has cast a long shadow over a much-anticipated mild recovery in the Indian economy in fiscal 2021, with the World Health Organization (WHO) declaring it a pandemic. External risks to global growth has increased significantly now. S&P [Standard and Poor] Global foresees a recession in the US and the Eurozone, and has its forecast for China's growth slashed to 2.9% from 4.8% announced on March 5. Domestically, some hit to consumption demand because of social distancing is likely, though it is too early for that to reflect in data. Currently, the other downside to growth is also due to the financial sector stress now percolating to private sector banks."
Credit Rating Information Services of India Ltd.
2020-03-19
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Emotional Distress in Young Adults During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Evidence of Risk and Resilience from a Longitudinal Cohort Study
From the Abstract: "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and associated lockdown could be considered a 'perfect storm' for increases in emotional distress. Such increases can only be identified by studies that use data collected 'before' and 'during' the pandemic. Longitudinal data are also needed to examine (1) the roles of previous distress and stressors in emotional distress during the pandemic and (2) how COVID-19-related stressors and coping strategies are associated with emotional distress when pre-pandemic distress is accounted for. [...] In our community sample, pre-pandemic distress, secondary consequences of the pandemic (e.g. lifestyle and economic disruptions), and pre-pandemic social stressors were more consistently associated with young adults' emotional distress than COVID-19- related health risk exposures."
Cambridge University Press
Nivette, Amy; Shanahan, Lilly; Steinhoff, Annekatrin . . .
2020-06-19
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Two Complementary Model-Based Methods for Calculating the Risk of International Spreading of a Novel Virus from the Outbreak Epicentre. The Case of COVID-19
From the Abstract: "We present two complementary model-based methods for calculating the risk of international spread of the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 [severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2] from the outbreak epicentre. One model aims to calculate the number of cases that would be exported from an endemic country to disease-free regions by travellers. The second model calculates the probability that an infected traveller will generate at least one secondary autochthonous case in the visited country. Although this paper focuses on the data from China, our methods can be adapted to calculate the risk of importation and subsequent outbreaks. We found an average R0 = 5.31 (ranging from 4.08 to 7.91) and a risk of spreading of 0.75 latent individuals per 1000 travellers. In addition, one infective traveller would be able to generate at least one secondary autochthonous case in the visited country with a probability of 23%."
Cambridge University Press
Massad, Eduardo; Amaku, Marcos; Wilder-Smith, Annelies . . .
2020-06-04
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MMWR Early Release: Symptom Duration and Risk Factors for Delayed Return to Usual Health Among Outpatients with COVID-19 in a Multistate Health Care Systems Network -- United States, March-June 2020
The Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR) Series is prepared by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). [It] is the agency's primary vehicle for scientific publication of timely, reliable, authoritative, accurate, objective, and useful public health information and recommendations. This issue of early release MMWR contains the following article: "Symptom Duration and Risk Factors for Delayed Return to Usual Health Among Outpatients with COVID-19 in a Multistate Health Care Systems Network -- United States, March-June 2020."
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
2020-07-24
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Master Question List for COVID-19 (Caused by SARS-CoV-2) Weekly Report [14 April 2020]
From the Foreword: "The Master Question List (MQL) is intended to quickly present the current state of available information to government decision makers in the operational response to COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] and allow structured and scientifically guided discussions across the federal government without burdening them with the need to review scientific reports, and to prevent duplication of efforts by highlighting and coordinating research. The information contained in the following table has been assembled and evaluated by experts from publicly available sources to include reports and articles found in scientific and technical journals, selected sources on the internet, and various media reports. It is intended to serve as a 'quick reference' tool and should not be regarded as comprehensive source of information, nor as necessarily representing the official policies, either expressed or implied, of the DHS or the U.S. Government. DHS does not endorse any products or commercial services mentioned in this document. All sources of the information provided are cited so that individual users of this document may independently evaluate the source of that information and its suitability for any particular use. This document is a 'living document' that will be updated as needed when new information becomes available."
United States. Department of Homeland Security. Science and Technology Directorate
2020-04-14
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COVIDView: A Weekly Surveillance Summary of U.S. COVID-19 Activity, Week 26 [June 27, 2020]
From the Key Updates: "Nationally, levels of influenza-like illness (ILI) and COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019]-like illness (CLI) activity remain lower than peaks seen in March and April but are increasing in most regions. The percentage of specimens testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 [severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2], the virus that causes COVID-19, also increased from last week. Mortality attributed to COVID-19 decreased compared to last week and is currently at the epidemic threshold but will likely increase as additional death certificates are processed."
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
2020-07-02
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Master Question List for COVID-19 (Caused by SARS-CoV-2) Weekly Report [18 March 2020]
From the Foreword: "The Master Question List (MQL) is intended to quickly present the current state of available information to government decision makers in the operational response to COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] and allow structured and scientifically guided discussions across the federal government without burdening them with the need to review scientific reports, and to prevent duplication of efforts by highlighting and coordinating research. The information contained in the following table has been assembled and evaluated by experts from publicly available sources to include reports and articles found in scientific and technical journals, selected sources on the internet, and various media reports. It is intended to serve as a 'quick reference' tool and should not be regarded as comprehensive source of information, nor as necessarily representing the official policies, either expressed or implied, of the DHS or the U.S. Government. DHS does not endorse any products or commercial services mentioned in this document. All sources of the information provided are cited so that individual users of this document may independently evaluate the source of that information and its suitability for any particular use. This document is a 'living document' that will be updated as needed when new information becomes available."
United States. Department of Homeland Security. Science and Technology Directorate
2020-03-18
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Epicentre of an Existential Crisis [presentation]
From the Key Messages: "[1] The micro, small and medium enterprises (MSME) sector's revenue growth will plunge into deep red this fiscal because of the Covid-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic; [2] Earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortisation (Ebitda) margins will decline despite lower commodity prices; [3] Higher stress in financials visible in micro units compared with small and medium firms; [4] Consumer discretionary, construction and export-linked MSMEs will be the most impacted; [5] Credit growth to MSMEs, an under-penetrated sector, will decelerate this fiscal; [6] Asset quality pressures to rise despite moratorium, because of slack demand; [7] Entrepreneurs from key sectors see varied pace of revival - those most affected do not expect a rebound before next fiscal, while a few are optimistic about the upcoming festive season[.]"
Credit Rating Information Services of India Ltd.
2020-06
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COVIDView: A Weekly Surveillance Summary of U.S. COVID-19 Activity, Week 27 [July 4, 2020]
From the Key Updates: "Nationally, levels of influenza-like illness (ILI) and COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019]-like illness (CLI) activity continue to increase overall. The percentage of specimens testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 [severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2], the virus that causes COVID-19, decreased slightly from last week; however, this past week included a holiday, which could impact both testing and reporting. Mortality attributed to COVID-19 decreased compared to last week and is currently at the epidemic threshold but will likely increase as additional death certificates are processed."
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
2020-07-09
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Review of Operation Warp Speed: Researching, Manufacturing, & Distributing a Safe & Effective Coronavirus Vaccine
This is the July 2, 2020 hearing "Review of Operation Warp Speed: Researching, Manufacturing, & Distributing a Safe & Effective Coronavirus Vaccine" held before the Subcommittee on Labor, Health and Human Services, Education, and Related Agencies, of the U.S. Senate Committee on Appropriations. Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Francis S. Collins, Robert R. Redfield, and Gary Disbrow. The duration of the video is 3 hours, 5 minutes and 28 seconds.
United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Appropriations
2020-07-02
