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Hidden Impact of COVID-19 on Children: Study Sample Numbers and Characteristics

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From the Abstract: "COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] has spread rapidly within and between countries across the globe. Governments worldwide have implemented measures to contain the spread of COVID-19 including school closures, home isolation/quarantine and community lockdown, all of which have had secondary impacts on children and their households. Save the Children launched a global research study to generate rigorous evidence on how the COVID-19 pandemic and measures implemented to mitigate it are impacting children's health, nutrition, learning, wellbeing, protection, family finances and poverty and to identify children's and their families' needs during these times. [...] This report presents the global COVID-19 research series sample numbers and characteristics."

Save the Children (U.S.)

Burgess, Melissa; Sulaiman, Munshi; Arlini, Silvia Mila . . .

2020
Infrastructure: The Road to Recovery, Hearing Before the Committee on Environment and Public Works, United States Senate, One Hundred Sixteenth Congress, Second Session, June 4, 2020

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This is the June 4, 2020 hearing on "Infrastructure: The Road to Recovery" held before the Senate Committee on Environment and Public Works. From the opening statement of John Barrasso: "The goal of this hearing today is to examine how rebuilding America's infrastructure will help our economy recover from the coronavirus pandemic. We will examine how bipartisan infrastructure legislation passed by this Committee will stimulate economic recovery and growth." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Steve McGough, Doug Holtz-Eakin, and Greg Fischer.

United States. Government Publishing Office

2020
New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene Interim COVID-19 Vaccination Plan - Executive Summary

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From the Introduction: "The New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene (NYC Health Department) has established a Vaccine Task Force (VTF), an integral part of the Incident Command System (ICS) for NYC's COVID-19[coronavirus disease 2019] response, with the objective of developing a plan for equitable distribution of COVID-19 vaccines when they become available. The plan builds upon a well-established immunization infrastructure and draws on the NYC Health Department's pandemic influenza plan, as well as lessons learned from H1N1 [Hemagglutinin Type 1 and Neuraminidase Type 1] and annual flu vaccination plans. The VTF includes staff from across the NYC Health Department dedicated to equity, provider communications, community partner engagement, people living in congregate settings, development and dissemination of information to the public, health care system support and field operations as well as vaccine distribution, allocation and accountability. The NYC Health Department has proven capable of managing infectious disease outbreaks and vaccine distribution (such as Ebola, Zika, H1N1 and measles), exercises and drills. The expanded flu vaccination campaign for 2020 is serving as the operational template for the COVID-19 vaccination campaign."

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)

2020?
City of San Antonio, Bexar County Interim COVID-19 Vaccination Plan

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From the Executive Summary: "Immunization with a safe and effective COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] vaccine is a critical component of the strategy to reduce COVID-19-related illnesses, hospitalizations, deaths, and to help restore community and societal functioning. The goal of the U.S. government is to have enough COVID-19 vaccine for all people in the United States who wish to be vaccinated. Early in the COVID-19 Vaccination Program, there will be a limited supply of COVID-19 vaccine. The City of San Antonio, Bexar County COVID-19 Vaccine Implementation Plan will guide the San Antonio Metropolitan Health District's local vaccination efforts. Once a COVID-19 vaccine is approved for distribution, Metro Health will follow CDC [Centers for Disease Control and Prevention] and DSHS [Department of State Health Services] recommendations and guidance on vaccine allocation and priorities and will update the plan accordingly as new or updated information becomes available."

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)

2020?
American Samoa Interim COVID-19 Vaccination Plan

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From the Executive Summary: "The American Samoa Government is prepared to ensure the best is provided for its people. Although it continues to enforce stern restrictions to veer off any infection, exposure or spread of the COVID 19 [coronavirus disease 2019] virus, it remains alert in many objectives of the disease. One important component for American Samoa is the establishing of the COVID 19 Vaccination Program. This will assist in preventing infections, further spread, sustain infrastructure and mitigate impact to the economy and the functioning of society. Comprehensive collaboration and planning from all providers, stakeholders and public and private sectors will be required. All levels of the government share a great responsibility in assisting all agencies in developing individual organization guidance for their pandemic planning and preparedness. American Samoa is COVID Free as we prepare for the vaccine arrival."

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)

2020?
District of Columbia COVID-19 Vaccination Draft Plan

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From the Introduction: "In response to the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the District of Columbia (District or DC) officially activated a multi-agency response, coordination, and recovery effort with an integrated Emergency Operations Center (EOC) at DC Health's Health Emergency Coordination Center on March 11, 2020. [...] The District's COVID-19 Vaccination Draft Plan outlines an infrastructure to support a coordinated response to vaccine distribution and administration for healthcare workers, critical infrastructure workers, specific vulnerable populations, those with a higher risk of severe morbidity and mortality due to COVID-19, as well as all District residents."

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)

2020
Indiana COVID-19 Vaccine Plan

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From the Executive Summary: "Providing a safe and effective COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] vaccine to all Hoosiers is a critical component of the State of Indiana's strategy to reduce the spread of COVID-19 and related illnesses, hospitalizations, and deaths through appropriate allocation and administration of COVID-19 vaccine to all Hoosiers in a safe, timely and effective manner. The following document serves as an interim draft plan for the Indiana Department of Health (IDOH), local public health programs, and public health partners on how to plan and operationalize a vaccination response to COVID-19 within Indiana."

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)

2020?
Palau Interim COVID-19 Vaccination Plan

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From the Introduction: "The current Palau mass vaccination plan was established during the preparedness phase of the H1N1 [Hemagglutinin Type 1 and Neuraminidase Type 1] mass vaccination campaign in 2009. COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] Emergency Operations Center (EOC) Planning Section worked with the Immunization Program to revise the current mass vaccination plan for the pandemic vaccination campaign to include the potential for limited vaccine supply for the critical population, provide community education on the development of the Covid -19 vaccine, and to monitor the community response to vaccination messaging as well as social/physical distancing measures, screen for symptoms upon arrival at the Point of Dispensing (POD), use of masks, hand hygiene, cough etiquette, and cleaning the environment between patients. The Review Team composition all had previous experiences with the H1N1 Mass Vaccination Campaign[.]"

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)

2020
Line of Duty Deaths Due to COVID-19

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From the Document: "An analysis of line of duty deaths (LODDs) based on data compiled by the Officer Down Memorial Page (ODMP) found that COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] killed 76 law enforcement officers in the line of duty from March through July 2020. This represented 50% or more of all LODDs in 15 states, territories, and the District of Columbia. A majority of these officers were 50 years of age or older, in line with general population trends. As of August 8, 2020, ODMP recorded 157 total LODDs in 2020, a 65% increase as compared to the previous year - COVID-19 being the single highest cause of 2020 LODDs. ODMP's numbers are based on public submissions to their page, which are evaluated against their criteria for inclusion using information compiled from user submissions, media accounts, and correspondence with the officer's agency. These statistics include any law enforcement officer who dies as a result of COVID-19 that is a direct result of the officer's law enforcement duties."

United States. Department of Justice. Office of Community Oriented Policing Services

2020
How COVID-19 is Changing the World: A Statistical Perspective, Volume II

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From the Introduction: "The pandemic presents tough choices. National and regional governments, local communities, health and school systems, as well as families and businesses are being forced to take many difficult decisions: How to re open safely? How to safeguard people's lives and protect their livelihoods? Where to allocate scarce resources? How to protect those unable to protect themselves? Answers to questions like these will affect our short-term success in battling the virus and could have impacts for generations to come. More than ever, the world needs reliable and trustworthy data and statistics to inform these important decisions. The United Nations and all member organizations of the Committee for the Coordination of Statistical Activities (CCSA) collect and make available a wealth of information for assessing the multifaceted impacts of the pandemic. This report updates some of the global and regional trends presented in the first volume and offers a snapshot of how COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] continues to affect the world today across multiple domains. The report also highlights the impact of the pandemic on specific regions and population groups."

Committee for the Coordination of Statistical Activities

2020
Still Detained and Denied-- The Health Crisis in Immigration Detention Continues

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From the Document: "The unprecedented pandemic lays bare what we already know about medical care in detention facilities: it is grossly inadequate and puts the very lives of those held in captivity at risk. To protect the lives of people in immigration detention, as well as of those who work at the facilities and the larger community, ICE [U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement] should immediately release everyone in its custody. Under normal circumstances, detention facilities cannot meet the basic medical needs of confined people, and too frequently those with more serious health problems needlessly suffer and, in some cases, die. Designed for security, not medical care, detention facilities cannot accommodate the social distancing and vigilant hygiene measures required to reduce the spread of COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019]. Recent reports describe hunger strikes over conditions in facilities lacking basic necessities such as soap."

New York Lawyers for the Public Interest

2020
New Hampshire Interim COVID-19 Vaccination Plan

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From the Introduction: "The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused substantial morbidity and mortality, and significant economic and social disruption. Through current mitigation efforts, and in anticipation of a COVID-19 vaccine, New Hampshire's (NH) goal is to decrease disease burden and ensure NH citizens remain healthy and free from disease in every stage of life. This plan was developed by the NH Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), Immunization Program (NHIP) and informed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Vaccination Program Interim Playbook for Jurisdiction Operations, prior pandemic and outbreak experience in NH, preparedness plans, and the National Academies for Science, Engineering, and Medicine's A Framework for Equitable Allocation of Vaccine for the Novel Coronavirus. This plan represents current plans and strategies. NH's approach will be adapted as appropriate based on new science or national best practices and guidelines throughout the vaccination initiative. Key components of NH's plan are summarized here."

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)

2020?
Houston Interim COVID-19 Vaccination Plan

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From the Document: "The Houston Health Department's (HHD) COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] plan aims to prepare, detect, respond to and mitigate pandemic COVID-19 by way of adding immunizations to the existing mitigation strategies. The intent is to stop, slow, and limit the pandemic; reduce the spread of disease, decrease suffering and death, sustain infrastructure and mitigate impact to the economy and the functioning of the city."

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)

2020?
5 Cybersecurity Threats Intensified by COVID-19 'and How to Address Them'

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From the Document: "In recent years, state and local governments have had to navigate turbulence and uncertainty brought on by citizen expectations for new digital services and a host of other factors. The COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic is intensifying those challenges by spawning a rise in costly and sophisticated cybersecurity threats. [...] To defend against the latest risks and protect government organizations from new and evolving attacks, CIOs [chief information officers] and CISOs [chief information security officers] should focus on five of today's leading threats to government systems and citizen data."

Center for Digital Government

2020
How Culture Wars Delay Herd Immunity: Christian Nationalism and Anti-Vaccine Attitudes

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From the Abstract: "Prior research demonstrates that a number of cultural factors--including politics and religion--are significantly associated with anti-vaccine attitudes. This is consequential because herd immunity is compromised when large portions of a population resist vaccination. Using a nationally representative sample of American adults that contains a battery of questions exploring views about vaccines, the authors demonstrate how a pervasive ideology that rejects scientific authority and promotes allegiance to conservative political leaders--what we and others call Christian nationalism-- is consistently one of the two strongest predictors of anti-vaccine attitudes, stronger than political or religious characteristics considered separately. Results suggest that as Americans evaluate decisions to vaccinate themselves or their children, those who strongly embrace Christian nationalism--close to a quarter of the population--will be much more likely to abstain, potentially prolonging the threat of certain illnesses. The authors conclude by discussing the immediate implications of these findings for a possible coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine."

American Sociological Association

Whitehead, Andrew L.; Perry, Samuel L.

2020
Curriculum Recommendations for Disaster Health Professionals: Disaster Behavioral Health, Second Edition

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From the Introduction: "A wide variety of extreme events produce psychological, social, and biological sequelae labeled with terms such as stress, trauma, grief, and bereavement. These consequences are experienced by individuals, families, workplaces, schools, communities, and nations. They result from causal factors that are natural, human-generated, or both. While all disasters are extreme events, not all extreme events would be considered disasters. [...] This document focuses on the general topic of disasters and other extreme events. For the purposes of this document, disasters are considered: 1) extreme events in which needs of the impacted population and/or area exceeds the local response and recovery resources, and external resources must be utilized (e.g., pandemics, hurricanes, wildfires, earthquakes); and 2) events in which local resources may be fully utilized and not be exceeded (e.g., mass violence, terrorism, industrial accidents, chemical spills), but result in adverse psychological and behavioral responses for affected individuals and communities that are similar to other disasters in which resources are exceeded. More disaster behavioral health training for healthcare professionals, including behavioral health personnel, is being conducted today than ever before. Despite this, few healthcare professionals receive education on the unique psychological and behavioral impacts of disaster events during formal training programs. The vast majority of training occurs after degree conferral and is frequently experiential. Specific training in disaster behavioral health for most healthcare professionals is rare."

National Center for Disaster Medicine & Public Health (U.S.); Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences. Center for the Study of Traumatic Stress

Flynn, Brian W., Ed.D.; Vance, Mary C.; Morganstein, Joshua C.

2020
Fact Sheet for Healthcare Providers: Molecular Laboratory Developed Test (LDT) COVID-19 Authorized Tests [SARS-CoV-2 Mass Array Test]

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From the Document: "This Fact Sheet informs you of the significant known and potential risks and benefits of the emergency use of a Molecular LDT [Laboratory Developed Test] COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] Authorized Test called the SARS-CoV-2 [severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2] Mass Array Test that has been issued an Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) by FDA. The Molecular LDT COVID-19 Authorized Test is authorized for use on certain respiratory specimens collected from individuals suspected of COVID-19 by their healthcare provider."

United States. Food and Drug Administration

2020?
Fact Sheet for Healthcare Providers: Molecular Laboratory Developed Test (LDT) COVID-19 Authorized Tests [Akron Children's Hospital SARS-CoV-2 Assay]

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From the Document: "This Fact Sheet informs you of the significant known and potential risks and benefits of the emergency use of a Molecular LDT [Laboratory Developed Test] COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] Authorized Test called the Akron Children's Hospital SARS-CoV-2 [severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2] Assay that has been issued an Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) by FDA. The Molecular LDT COVID-19 Authorized Test is authorized for use on certain respiratory specimens collected from individuals suspected of COVID-19 by their healthcare provider."

United States. Food and Drug Administration

2020?
Fact Sheet for Healthcare Providers: Molecular Laboratory Developed Test (LDT) COVID-19 Authorized Tests [Aeon Global Health SARS-CoV-2 Assay]

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From the Document: "This Fact Sheet informs you of the significant known and potential risks and benefits of the emergency use of a Molecular LDT [Laboratory Developed Test] COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] Authorized Test called the Aeon Global Health SARS-CoV-2 [severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2] Assay that has been issued an Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) by FDA. The Molecular LDT COVID-19 Authorized Test is authorized for use on certain respiratory specimens collected from individuals suspected of COVID-19 by their healthcare provider."

United States. Food and Drug Administration

2020?
COVID-19, Conspiracy and Contagious Sedition: A Case Study on the Militia-Sphere

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From the Foreword: "Following on the heels of a state-by-state lockdown of social and economic activity put in place to attempt to contain the spread of the novel coronavirus pandemic, we stand in the midst of historical nationwide violence and riots over the George Floyd incident. Together, these events cause social dislocation on a scale not seen since the Great Depression. Not surprisingly in such an environment, fear of disease, fear of law enforcement, and fear of violence are compounded by social isolation and widespread unemployment. It is not surprising, in this season of discontent, that many Americans have grown frustrated with the restrictions on their freedoms, and angry at the repeated confrontations involving law enforcement. Many have exercised their constitutional rights to freedom of speech and assembly to express their anger in a peaceful manner."

Network Contagion Research Institute; Rutgers University. Miller Center for Community Protection and Resilience

Finkelstein, Joel; Donohue, John K.; Goldenberg, Alex . . .

2020?
Coping on the Front Lines of a Pandemic: Understanding and Managing COVID-19 Stressors

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From the Highlight: "Since the onset of the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic, the nature and frequency of stressors experienced by the healthcare workforce have increased exponentially. Rachel Kaul, the Behavioral Health Lead for ASPR [Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response] EMMO [Office of Emergency Management and Medical Operations], shares how to recognize and mitigate these stressors while bolstering resilience." This resource is taken from ASPR TRACIE's [Technical Resources, Assistance Center, and Information Exchange] Newsletter, "The Exchange," Issue 12. Click here to view the full issue: [https://www.hsdl.org/?abstract&did=850016].

United States. Technical Resources, Assistance Center and Information Exchange

Kaul, Rachel

2020?
Role of the United States Postal Service in the Age of COVID-19

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From the Document: "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has claimed many victims and is threatening to claim another one--the United States Postal Service (USPS). In May 2020, a statement from the USPS said that the its main source of revenue--letter-mail volume--had dropped dramatically as businesses cut back on sending advertisements and bulk mail and that it will exhaust its cash on hand by the end of September. Unlike other federal agencies, the USPS does not receive tax dollars for its operating expenses; instead, it relies on postage and product sales and services. Given these dire circumstances, the U.S. House of Representatives passed a $3 trillion coronavirus relief package on May 15 that included relief funds for the USPS, although the Senate is unlikely to consider the bill. However, this is not the first time the USPS has needed federal relief, and this request is being debated in Congress in light of whether we need the USPS at all, given the other private delivery services that are now available."

RAND Corporation

Pollard, Michael S.; Davis, Lois M.

2020
Pandemic Influenza Preparedness Framework: Progress Report, 1 January - 30 June 2020

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From the Introduction: "The Pandemic Influenza Preparedness (PIP) Framework is an innovative public health instrument that brings together Member States, industry, other stakeholders and WHO [World Health Organization] to implement a global approach to pandemic influenza preparedness and response. The key goals include: to improve and strengthen the sharing of influenza viruses with human pandemic potential through the WHO Global Influenza Surveillance and Response System (GISRS), and to increase the access of developing countries to vaccines and other pandemic response supplies."

World Health Organization

2020
WHO Guidance for Climate Resilient and Environmentally Sustainable Health Care Facilities

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From the Executive Summary; "The aim of this guidance is to enhance the capacity of health care facilities to protect and improve the health of their target communities in an unstable and changing climate; and to empower health care facilities to be environmentally sustainable, by optimizing the use of resources and minimizing the release of waste into the environment. Climate resilient and environmentally sustainable health care facilities contribute to high quality of care and accessibility of services, and by helping reduce facility costs also ensure better affordability. They are, therefore, an important component of universal health coverage (UHC)."

World Health Organization

2020
What COVID-19 Means for City Finances

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From the Document: "City governments across the nation provide essential services that keep our economy and neighborhoods strong. From sanitation services, water utilities and public health to affordable housing, summer youth programming and public safety, these are the services that make our communities work. As the coronavirus spiraled into a global public health and economic crisis, local leaders and municipal workers were and continue to be on the frontlines of minimizing the spread and preparing to reopen, while minimizing the financial burden of mass unemployment and industry shutdowns on residents and businesses. [...] This report profiles city budgets and details how the pandemic-induced economic downturn is affecting cities nationwide."

National League of Cities

Yadavalli, Anita; McFarland, Christiana K.; Wagner, Spencer

2020
City Fiscal Conditions 2020

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From the Introduction: "Now in its 35th year, the City Fiscal Conditions survey of 485 cities reveals the breadth and depth of challenges facing city budgets, including: [1] Nearly 90 percent of cities will be less able in FY 2021 than in FY 2020 to meet the fiscal needs of their communities. This widespread sentiment about lack of fiscal capacity has not been reported since the low point of the Great Recession; [2] Current estimates for FY 2020 put year-over-year general fund revenue growth at near zero; [3] All major local tax revenue sources slowed in FY 2020, with severe year-over-year declines in sales (-11%) and income tax (-3.4%) receipts; and [4] On average, cities anticipate a 13 percent decline in FY 2021 general fund revenues over FY 2020."

National League of Cities

McFarland, Christiana K.; Pagano, Michael A.

2020
Returning to a Healthy Environment

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From the Document: "Beginning with the initial guidance from the Center for Disease Control (CDC), and the South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control (DHEC) as well as subsequent and emerging recommendations, University personnel voraciously consumed the best available information to guide planning for the return of students, staff, and faculty during the omnipresent COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 19] pandemic. A broad cross-section of the Institution's constituencies participated in the process of analyzing, imagining, and projecting what could be done and should be done to minimize risks and maximize the well-being of persons who work and study at Allen University. From this process, a standing Environmental COVID-19 Committee was empaneled and will continue to update and make recommendations as circumstances warrant and guidance from CDC and DHEC continues to evolve."

Allen University

2020
COVID-19 Local Response Initiative: Insights and Guidance from 11 Sessions on Crisis Leadership

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From the Introduction: "The COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] crisis presented city leaders with the challenge to act under conditions of high uncertainty and high pressure. The lives and livelihoods of residents were at stake, and there was no complete, accurate information available, no playbook with the right answers, and no guidance on how to navigate the situation in the context of each particular city. City leaders had to learn in real time how to respond to the crisis. The Bloomberg Harvard City Leadership Initiative facilitated this process of fast learning by offering 11 weekly sessions and information services tailored to their needs. [...] Each week, faculty and staff at the Bloomberg Harvard City Leadership Initiative worked with professors from the Harvard Kennedy School and the Harvard Business School to plan a lesson focusing on a particular aspect of crisis leadership: from problem-solving processes and communications to collaboration, fiscal management, and supporting mental health. After each session, a summary of key takeaways went out via email to participants. These documents are compiled here for easy reference."

Bloomberg Harvard City Leadership Initiative

2020
Estimating the Impact of COVID-19 on Corporate Default Risk

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From the Description: "The COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] global pandemic has resulted in a fast-moving health crisis with significant uncertainty. Policy makers have responded by imposing social distancing policies (non-pharmaceutical interventions) which close schools, bars, and restaurants, close non-essential business, restrict movement, and impose quarantines. Under the weight of significant business interruptions, reductions in both supply and demand, and supply chain disruptions the health crisis has given way to deep economic contraction. The confluence of sharp economic losses and historic levels of corporate debt risk producing a financial crisis on top of the health crisis. We build on the work of Vardavas et al. (2020) and Strong and Welburn (2020), who estimate the health and economic impacts of COVID-19 under a set of social distancing scenarios, to estimate the potential for firm exits. We use a structural model of financial distress based on Merton's distance to default to estimate the likelihood of firm defaults conditional on losses in aggregate income. Using the Vardavas et al. (2020) set of scenarios and estimations of reduced income, we estimate average firm default probabilities over a large set of US listed firms. We find that the crisis coincides with exceptional risk of corporate default. Under modest levels of social distancing and economic losses, we estimate high levels of average corporate default risk. As social distancing measures and economic contractions persist, levels of corporate default risk exceed those of the 2008 financial crisis. Under the harshest scenarios of prolonged strict interventions, we estimate exceptional levels of corporate default risk ranging from to double to triple those witness during the 2008 financial crisis. While unmodeled, recent credit market interventions may thwart the worst of the default risk scenarios that we estimate by extending credit access to firms on the brink of insolvency."

RAND Corporation

Welburn, Jonathan William; Strong, Aaron

2020
Health and Economic Impacts of Nonpharmaceutical Interventions to Address COVID-19

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From the Document: "With the rapid spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and in the absence of evidence-informed guidance, state and local policymakers have had to put policies in place quickly and with little evidence to support their choices or little consideration of the potentially serious trade-offs. Thus, there is an urgent need for a comprehensive and systematic assessment of potential public health interventions to address COVID-19 and when to relax them. This document describes the interdisciplinary and multisectoral approach RAND researchers used to develop the COVID-19 Decision Support Tool, which is designed to fill that need."

RAND Corporation

Vardavas, Raffaele; Strong, Aaron; Bouey, Jennifer . . .

2020

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