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Why Masking Still Matters
From the Key Messages: "[1] 'Masks are an essential part of our toolkit against COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019].' Face coverings reduce transmission by blocking the spray of droplets from talking, sneezing, coughing, singing, or shouting when worn over the mouth and nose. [2] 'Vaccinations are vital, but they don't confer 100% immunity, meaning that masks are still a critical intervention to protect the unvaccinated -- and indeed the vaccinated -- from contracting and spreading COVID-19.' [...] [3] 'Consistent mask-wearing is particularly key to reduce the spread of the virus among people who are asymptomatic or are yet to show symptoms.' [...] [4] 'Taking several measures together often provides a result far greater than the sum of their parts.' This is the case with vaccines, masking, hand-washing, ventilation, and other interventions. All help reduce the spread and the severity of this pandemic, together they might actually stop it. [5] 'Masks help reduce transmission which is key to reduce the risk of new variants.' [...] [6] 'To be effective, face mask use must be widespread and consistent over time and across geographies;' [...] [7] 'Face covering must not be perceived as a temporary measure but become a new social norm.' [...] [and 8] 'In order to achieve widespread understanding of the need for masking, consistent and clear public messaging on the importance of masking is vital to public adherence to mask wearing.' It is also key for general public trust in public health guidance and measures, including vaccines."
Pandemic Action Network
2021-07
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Loss Mitigation Toolkit Improvements for Borrowers Exiting COVID-19 Forbearance
From the Document: "Nearly a year and a half since the start of the pandemic, the US economy is on the mend. The vaccine rollout is progressing, allowing businesses to reopen and rehire workers who lost their jobs last year. Consequently, many borrowers are exiting their COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] forbearance plans, which have proven to be an effective addition to the loss mitigation toolkit. Seventy to 80 percent of exiting borrowers are opting for payment deferrals (where missed payments are added to the end of the loan), and the rest are exiting forbearances with a need for loan modifications. This necessitates a closer look at the loss mitigation toolkit to maximize the number of loans that can be cured. In this brief, we identify a few improvements to the loss mitigation toolkit that have received little focus. These improvements aim (1) to maximize the number of delinquencies that can be cured by offering more sustainable payments and (2) to move forward with property disposition most efficiently when all home retention options have been exhausted."
Urban Institute
Kaul, Karan; Goodman, Laurie S.; Neal, Michael
2021-07
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Reimagining Manufacturing for Pandemic Preparedness: Non-Paper on Public Private Partnerships for the High-Level Independent Panel on Financing the Global Commons for Pandemic Preparedness and Response
From the Summary: "The COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic illuminated longstanding challenges in our global ability to respond to pandemic threats, including a global biopharmaceutical manufacturing ecosystem unprepared for crisis response. The lack of manufacturing capacity for vaccines and therapeutics poses a public health risk to the world and prevents new medicines from reaching patients as fast as possible. As the global community looks to prevent, prepare for, and respond to future pandemics, it must commit to a new future for biopharmaceutical manufacturing that reimagines how medicines are made. A sustainable ecosystem for biopharmaceutical manufacturing requires new manufacturing technologies and flexible, distributed production systems that can respond to diverse disease threats at speed and at scale. Public-private partnerships play a vital role in bringing together the innovation, infrastructure, and human capital that make this new ecosystem possible. This non-paper outlines how biopharmaceutical manufacturing must be enhanced and ways the public and private sector can partner to build flexible, multi-modality manufacturing capacity, invest in novel technologies, and advance manufacturing science."
National Resilience, Inc.; G20 High-Level Independent Panel (HLIP)
2021-07
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Widening the Framework for Regulation of Dual-Use Research in the Wake of the COVID-19 Pandemic
From the Executive Summary: "In the wake of the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic, the global scientific community has directed increased resources and attention towards the study of viruses and emergency medical countermeasure development. Our analysis of publicly available data on publications, preprints, and clinical trials coupled with the Global Health Security Index [GHSI] measure of dual-use oversight suggests that some research activities raise dual-use concerns that have gone unaddressed. [...] We argue that certain categories of research that receive more attention following a pandemic pose unique dual-use risks that must be addressed by a comprehensive approach involving: 1) a broader definition of dual-use research of concern that captures experimental techniques that could feasibly be translated to harmful pathogens. 2) creation of regulatory frameworks to oversee the funding and publication of dual-use experiments, especially in countries with large biomedical research output and countries where the GHSI has highlighted shortcomings in national dual-use policies. These policy changes must also be accompanied by stronger social norms among grant makers and scientists alike, in order to effectively address biosecurity concerns in advance of the next outbreak."
American Biological Safety Association
Sandbrink, Jonas B.; Musunuri, Sriharshita; Monrad, Joshua T.
2021-07?
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Solidarity in Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic: Has the World Worked Together to Tackle the Coronavirus?
From the Introduction: "The impact of the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic has severely challenged governments, health systems and economies, and has devastated millions of lives and livelihoods all over the world. [...] This research paper examines how - and whether - the world has demonstrated solidarity in tackling a global crisis of this scale and magnitude. How well have governments worked together to combat a common global threat? How well have they fostered solidarity in their own populations to stimulate an effective response to the disease? What lessons can be learned?"
Chatham House/Royal Institute of International Affairs
Rahman-Shepherd, Afifah; Clift, Charles; Ross, Emma . . .
2021-07
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Pandemic, Social Unrest, and Crime in U.S. Cities (June 2021 Update)
From the Introduction: "This report updates our previous studies of crime changes during the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic, extending the data through the first half (January-June) of 2021. The results are generally consistent with those of our earlier work and our conclusions have not changed: as the pandemic subsides, long lasting reductions in violence and crime will require cities to adopt evidence-based crime-control strategies and long-needed reforms to policing."
Council on Criminal Justice
Rosenfeld, Richard; Lopez, Ernesto, Jr.
2021-07
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Cyber Threats to Canada's Democratic Process, July 2021 Update
From the Executive Summary: "Democratic processes around the world continue to be targeted by cyber threat actors. In this assessment, we review global trends in cyber threat activity against democratic processes (which we define as including voters, political parties, and elections) and evaluate the threat to Canada, with special focus on the impacts of the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic."
Communications Security Establishment (Canada); Canada
2021-07
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Economic Injury Disaster Loan Program: Additional Actions Needed to Improve Communication with Applicants and Address Fraud Risks, Report to Congressional Addressees
From the Government Accountability Office (GAO) Highlights: "Between March 2020 and February 2021, SBA [Small Business Administration] provided about 3.8 million low-interest EIDL [Economic Injury Disaster Loan] loans and 5.8 million grants (called advances) totaling $224 billion to help small businesses adversely affected by COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019]. Borrowers can use these low-interest loans and advances to pay for operating and other expenses. The CARES [Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security] Act includes a provision for GAO to monitor funds provided for the COVID-19 pandemic. This report examines, among other objectives, the characteristics of program applicants and recipients; the challenges EIDL applicants experienced and the extent to which SBA has addressed them; and the steps SBA has taken to address risks of fraud and provision of funds to ineligible applicants. GAO reviewed documents from SBA, an EIDL contractor, and two of its subcontractors. In addition, GAO analyzed loan application data, conducted five discussion groups with applicants, and interviewed staff from SBA, six Small Business Development Centers, and six business associations. GAO also analyzed socioeconomic, demographic, and geographic data on EIDL program participants."
United States. Government Accountability Office
2021-07
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Unequal Pandemic, Fairer Recovery: The COVID-19 Impact Inquiry Report
From the Introduction: "The COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic has had a profound impact on people's health and their livelihoods. By mid-March 2021, the pandemic had led to 119,000 excess deaths in the UK and in 2020 caused a 9.9% drop in GDP [gross domestic product]. The UK government and devolved governments have taken far-reaching action in attempts to suppress the virus: schools closed, routine health care suspended, and businesses and community facilities shut down. People's experiences of the pandemic have varied greatly. Not everyone faced the same risk of exposure to the virus nor equivalent severity in health outcomes. The measures taken to suppress the virus have affected people's lives and livelihoods differently - with both immediate and longer term consequences for people's health and wellbeing. [...] This report explores how the same factors contributing to this widening of health inequalities exposed the UK to a high death toll and reduced people's ability to deal with the subsequent economic shock. Drawing on an extensive body of evidence, this report identifies what has driven such outcomes during the pandemic."
Health Foundation (Great Britain)
Suleman, Mehrunisha; Webb, Caitlin; Sonthalia, Shreya . . .
2021-07
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How ACL's Disability and Aging Networks Can Help People with Long COVID
From the Document: "While most people with COVID-19 [coronavirus 2019] get better within weeks, some continue to have symptoms--or develop new ones--after their initial recovery. The technical term for this is 'Post-Acute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 [severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2],' or PASC, but it is more commonly called 'long COVID.' People with long COVID are often called 'long-haulers.' Long COVID [hyperlink] can happen to anyone who has had COVID-19, even those who had only mild symptoms. It can persist for a long time, and severity can range from mild to incapacitating. If you have long COVID, you may need assistance to do things you did by yourself in the past. You also may need to make changes in your life or to your home to adapt to the changes in your abilities. [...] We compiled this guide to help you connect to services and supports in your community."
United States. Department of Health and Human Services. Administration for Community Living
2021-07
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CDC's Federal Eviction Moratorium [Updated June 30, 2021]
From the Document: "On September 4, 2020, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) imposed a nationwide temporary federal moratorium on residential evictions [hyperlink] for nonpayment of rent. The order is intended to prevent the spread of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) by preventing homelessness and overcrowded housing conditions resulting from eviction. The action, which followed an Executive Order [hyperlink] directing the CDC to consider such a measure, was unprecedented, both in terms of the federal reach into what is traditionally state and local governance of landlord-tenant law and its use of a public health authority [hyperlink]. Since the issuance of the order, several courts have issued conflicting decisions on the eviction moratorium's legality and, while no court has issued an order enjoining the moratorium's enforcement nationwide, the conflicting judicial rulings have left a cloud of uncertainty [hyperlink] regarding the order's enforceability."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
McCarty, Maggie; Perl, Libby; Carpenter, David Hatcher
2021-06-30
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FEMA Funeral Assistance for COVID-19 [Updated June 30, 2021]
From the Document: "Congress authorized the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) to provide Funeral Assistance for deaths associated with the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. This Insight provides an overview of FEMA COVID-19 Funeral Assistance, including eligible expenses, applicant eligibility criteria, and award amounts."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Webster, Elizabeth M.
2021-06-30
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Annual Report 2021: Citizenship and Immigration Services Ombudsman
From the Executive Summary: "The Office of the Citizenship and Immigration Services Ombudsman (CIS Ombudsman) 2021 Annual Report covers calendar year 2020, as well as key developments in early 2021, and contains: [1] An overview of the CIS Ombudsman's mission and services; [2] A review of U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) programmatic and policy challenges during this reporting period; and [3] A detailed discussion of pervasive problems, recommendations, and best practices in the administration of our immigration laws."
United States. Department of Homeland Security. Office of the Citizenship and Immigration Services Ombudsman
2021-06-30
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Rapid COVID-19 State of Vaccine Confidence Insights Report: 'Cases of Myocarditis and Pericarditis following mRNA COVID-19 Vaccination' (June 8 - 24, 2021)
From the Document: "This report seeks to better understand the perceptions and sentiment of consumers. The report details threats to COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] vaccine confidence, content gaps and information voids, circulating mis- and disinformation, and action steps to take. The information in this report is a snapshot from June 8, 2021, through June 24, 2021."
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
2021-06-29
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Inspection Procedures for the COVID-19 Emergency Temporary Standard
From the Purpose: "The purpose of this Direction is to provide guidelines and establish uniform inspection and enforcement procedures for the (COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] emergency temporary standard, hereafter referred to as the ETS."
United States. Occupational Safety and Health Administration
2021-06-28
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'Living with Two Worrisome Pandemics': How the COVID-19 Pandemic is Shaping Conflict in Nigeria
From the Background: "Throughout the past year, Nigeria has been in the midst of a crisis that is defined by insecurity and violence, grievances about governance, economic hardship, hunger, and strain on natural resources. These challenges pre-dated the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic, but have intensified over the past year, coinciding with Nigeria's attempts to prevent the spread of COVID-19."
Mercy Corps
2021-06-28?
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MMWR Early Release: Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, June 25, 2021: Symptoms of Depression, Anxiety, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, and Suicidal Ideation Among State, Tribal, Local, and Territorial Public Health Workers During the COVID-19 Pandemic -- United States, March-April 2021
The Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR) Series is prepared by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). [It] is the agency's primary vehicle for scientific publication of timely, reliable, authoritative, accurate, objective, and useful public health information and recommendations. This early release issue of MMWR contains the following article: "Symptoms of Depression, Anxiety, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, and Suicidal Ideation Among State, Tribal, Local, and Territorial Public Health Workers During the COVID-19 Pandemic -- United States, March-April 2021." Notifiable Diseases and Mortality Tables from MMWR can be accessed at the following link: [http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/index2021.html].
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
2021-06-25
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MMWR: Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, June 25, 2021
The Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR) Series is prepared by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). [It] is the agency's primary vehicle for scientific publication of timely, reliable, authoritative, accurate, objective, and useful public health information and recommendations. This issue of MMWR contains the following: "HIV Testing Trends Among Persons with Commercial Insurance or Medicaid -- United States, 2014-2019"; "Need for Contraceptive Services Among Women of Reproductive Age -- 45 Jurisdictions, United States, 2017-2019"; "COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] Surveillance and Investigations in Workplaces -- Seattle & King County, Washington, June 15-November 15, 2020"; "COVID-19 Vaccination Coverage Among Adults -- United States, December 14, 2020-May 22, 2021"; "COVID-19 Vaccination Coverage and Intent Among Adults Aged 18-39 Years -- United States, March-May 2021"; and "'QuickStats': Percentage of Adults Who Did Not Get Needed Dental Care Because of Cost in the Past 12 Months, by Age Group and Sex - National Health Interview Survey, United States, 2019." Notifiable Diseases and Mortality Tables from this issue can be accessed at the following link [http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/index2021.html].
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
2021-06-25
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Quarantined in the Crossfire: How the COVID-19 Pandemic is Shaping Conflict in Colombia
From the Key Findings and Implications: "Drawing on 23 participatory workshops and 25 semi-structured interviews, with a total of 138 participants from 18 municipalities, we find COVID-19 and response measures in Colombia discernibly exacerbated pre-existing drivers of conflict. We mapped three main pathways through which the pandemic affected violence and instability: 1. 'The very measures imposed by the state to contain the virus significantly affected its ability to fulfill key functions, creating a void that illegal armed groups have exploited.' [...] 2. 'COVID-19 containment measures affected civil society and families, with increasing victimization and disruptions to important human rights work.' [...] 3. 'The pandemic increased insecurity through its detrimental impact on economic hardship and the growing reliance on illicit economies dominated by illegal armed groups.' [...] 'The findings from Colombia demonstrate that conflict is not immune to pandemic shocks and that public health responses cannot be disassociated from existing challenges and drivers of insecurity.' States must consider the differentiated impacts that measures such as lockdowns, social distancing and movement restrictions will have in conflict-affected areas, so that mitigating measures can be taken in parallel. Bold and holistic responses are necessary to prevent one crisis from feeding the other."
Mercy Corps
2021-06-25?
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Latin America and the Caribbean: Impact of COVID-19 [Updated June 24, 2021]
From the Document: "The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is having widespread economic, social, and political effects on Latin America and the Caribbean. As of June 22, 2021, the region had over 36million confirmed cases(20% of cases worldwide) and over 1.2 million deaths(32% of deaths worldwide). Brazil, Mexico, Peru, Colombia, and Argentina hadthe highest numbers of deathsin the region. Looking at mortality (death) rates per 100,000 population, Peru had the highest recorded COVID-19 mortality rate in the region, followed by Brazil, Colombia, Argentina, and Mexico."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Sullivan, Mark P.; Meyer, Peter J.
2021-06-24
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States Opting Out of COVID-19 Unemployment Insurance (UI) Agreements [Updated June 24, 2021]
From the Document: "In response to the recent recession [hyperlink] caused by the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, Congress created several temporary Unemployment Insurance (UI) programs through the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) Act (P.L. 116-136 [hyperlink]), and extended these programs through P.L. 116-260 [hyperlink] and P.L. 117-2 [hyperlink]. Recently, 25 states announced their intention to terminate their agreements to pay COVID-19 UI benefits."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Whittaker, Julie M.; Isaacs, Katelin P., 1980-
2021-06-24
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COVID-19 Vaccination: Selected U.S. Data Sources [Updated June 23, 2021]
From the Document: "The sources below can help congressional staff track the progress of the U.S. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination campaign at the national, state, and local levels. Sources were selected for having commonly cited and frequently requested data. This list is not intended to be comprehensive. Because different resources use different methodologies, readers should check websites' notes, definitions, and caveats. Readers should also use caution when comparing data across sources or geographies."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Cornell, Ada S.; Napili, Angela
2021-06-23
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Effect of the Covid-19 Pandemic in 2020 on Life Expectancy Across Populations in the USA and Other High Income Countries: Simulations of Provisional Mortality Data
From the Introduction: "In 2020, covid-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] became the third leading cause of death in the United States and was thus expected to substantially lower life expectancy for that year. The US had more deaths from covid-19 than any other country in the world and among the highest per capita mortality rates.5 This surge in deaths prompted speculation that the US would have a larger decrease in life expectancy in 2020 than peer nations, but empirical evidence has not been published. Americans entered the pandemic at a distinct disadvantage relative to other high income peer nations: improvements in overall life expectancy have not kept pace with those in peer countries since the 1980s, and in 2011, life expectancy in the US plateaued and then decreased for three consecutive years, further widening the gap in mortality with peer nations. [...] Research on how the pandemic has affected life expectancy is only just emerging. Few studies have examined reductions in 2020 life expectancy across racial and ethnic groups, and none has compared the decline in the US with other countries."
BMJ Publishing Group
Woolf, Steven H.; Aron, Laudan Y.; Masters, Ryan K.
2021-06-23
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Resources for Tracking Federal COVID-19 Spending [Updated June 22, 2021]
From the Summary: "Congress has responded to the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic with supplemental appropriations measures providing relief and assistance to individuals and families, state and local governments, businesses, health care providers, and other entities. [...] This report provides selected sources for tracking COVID-19 relief and assistance spending. It contains links to and information on government sources detailing spending amounts at various levels, including consolidated spending by multiple government agencies,spending by individual government agencies, and spending for specific recipients and geographies. The sources themselves are large government databases, individual agencies, oversight entities, and selected nongovernmental entities that attempt to repackage information on spending amounts obtained from available government sources. Due to the continually evolving nature of information provided by sources that track federal COVID-19 spending, this report may be updated frequently. Data currency varies among sources."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Teefy, Jennifer; Kreiser, Maria
2021-06-22
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COVID-19 Economic Recovery Resource Roadmap (Version 2.0)
From the Document: "This 'COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] Economic Recovery Resource Roadmap' (Roadmap) was developed to assist state, local, tribal, and territorial (SLTT) leaders and other interested parties with navigating some of the challenges, as well as the resources, associated with the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. Specifically, the Roadmap describes how supplemental appropriated funds and certain ongoing annually funded federal programs can be used to implement potential solutions."
United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency
2021-06-22
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Force Health Protection Guidance (Supplement 17) Revision 1 - Department of Defense Guidance for the Use of Masks, Personal Protective Equipment, and Non-Pharmaceutical Interventions During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic
From the Document: "This memorandum rescinds reference (a) and supplements references (b) and (c) with updated guidance on the use of masks in conjunction with other public health measures, including non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPI's), during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. This memorandum includes updated guidance for fully vaccinated personnel. It maintains guidance on use of personal protective equipment (PPE). Service members and civilian employees who misrepresent their vaccination status may be subject to appropriate adverse administrative or punitive actions."
United States. Department of Defense
2021-06-22
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Virality Project Weekly Briefing #26: 'June 16, 2021 - June 22, 2021'
From the Key Takeaways: "[1] 'Safety concern stories were prominent across platforms this week.' Some called attention to concerns around blood clots by falsely stating that airlines have warned vaccinated people not to take airplanes due to a risk of clots, while others emphasized ongoing concerns of myocarditis in young people. [2] The Cleveland Clinic study (covered in last week's briefing [hyperlink]) that shows the vaccine does not significantly reduce the risk of COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] for those previously infected with the virus was shared by Representative Thomas Massie (R-KY) to further claims about 'natural immunity', potentially delegitimizing CDC [Centers for Disease Control and Prevention] guidance. [3] A 'tweet from NFL [National Football League] player' Cole Beasley and, separately, the 'rollout of California's vaccine verification system,' each reignited discussions about vaccine choice and medical freedom. These discussions continue to connect vaccines with the limiting of personal freedoms. [4] A new set of terms has popped up on Instagram [hyperlink] to label pro-vaccine and anti-vaccine users, co-opting the language of 'body confidence.'"
Virality Project
2021-06-22
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MMWR Early Release: Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, June 21, 2021: COVID-19 Vaccination Coverage Among Adults -- United States, December 14, 2020-May 22, 2021
The Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR) Series is prepared by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). [It] is the agency's primary vehicle for scientific publication of timely, reliable, authoritative, accurate, objective, and useful public health information and recommendations. This Early Release issue of MMWR contains the following article: "COVID-19 Vaccination Coverage Among Adults -- United States, December 14, 2020-May 22, 2021." Notifiable Diseases and Mortality Tables from WWMR can be accessed at the following link [http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/index2021.html].
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
2021-06-21
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MMWR Early Release: Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, June 21, 2021: COVID-19 Vaccination Coverage and Intent Among Adults Aged 18-39 Years -- United States, March-May 2021
The Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR) Series is prepared by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). [It] is the agency's primary vehicle for scientific publication of timely, reliable, authoritative, accurate, objective, and useful public health information and recommendations. This Early Release issue of MMWR contains the following article: "COVID-19 Vaccination Coverage and Intent Among Adults Aged 18-39 Years -- United States, March-May 2021." Notifiable Diseases and Mortality Tables from WWMR can be accessed at the following link [http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/index2021.html].
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
2021-06-21
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Overview of the MATH+, I-MASK+ and I-RECOVER Protocols: A Guide to the Management of COVID-19
From the Document: "This is our recommended approach to COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] based on the best (and most recent) literature. This is a highly dynamic topic; therefore, we will be updating the guideline as new information emerges. Please check on the FLCCC [Front Line COVID-19 Critical Care] Alliance website for updated versions of this protocol."
Front Line COVID-19 Critical Care Alliance
Marik, Paul Ellis
2021-06-21
