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COVID States Project: A 50-State COVID-19 Survey, Report #71: Childhood COVID-19 Vaccine Uptake and Intentions
From the Document: "In early November 2021, children ages 5-11 were authorized by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to receive the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] vaccine, making an additional 28 million children [hyperlink] eligible for the shot. Given this significant advancement in COVID-19 vaccine availability - particularly in light of recent concerns over the Omicron variant - in this report we examine parent-reported COVID-19 vaccination intentions and uptake for children. Below, we examine reported childhood vaccination rates by childhood age and across different parent demographic subgroups. Additionally, we report parents' expressed likelihood of vaccinating their children against COVID-19 across five survey waves from February, April, June, September, and November 2021."
Northeastern University (Boston, Mass.); Shorenstein Center on Media, Politics, and Public Policy; Harvard Medical School . . .
Trujillo, Kristin Lunz; Lazer, David; Simonson, Matthew . . .
2021-12-13
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Executive Order 14042 Requirements for COVID-19 Vaccination of Federal Contractors [Updated December 13, 2021]
From the Document: "On September 9, 2021, President Joseph R. Biden, Jr., issued Executive Order (E.O.) 14042 [hyperlink] requiring parties contracting with the federal government to provide adequate COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] safeguards for their workers. Federal contracts and contract-like instruments (jointly 'contracts') must now include a clause compelling most contractors and subcontractors (at any level) to comply with prescribed COVID-19 workplace safety requirements for the duration of contracted work. Such requirements include a mandate for certain federal contractor employees to be vaccinated against COVID-19 by January 18, 2022 [hyperlink], allowing for exceptions only as required by law. This requirement is distinguishable from similar efforts, such as the proposed Department of Labor (DOL) Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) COVID-19 vaccination rule [hyperlink] that would apply to employers with 100 or more employees--see also CRS Legal Sidebar LSB10662, 'Federal COVID-19 Vaccination Mandates and Related Litigation: An Overview', by Wen W. Shen, for a summary of these efforts. Legal challenges have paused enforcement of the mandate while litigation is ongoing."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Peters, Heidi M.; Halchin, L. Elaine
2021-12-13
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COVID-19 Travel Restrictions Installation Status Update [As of December 13, 2021]
From the Document: "Travel Restrictions LIFTED at 209 of 230 Installations (91%) (Met: Step 1 & Step 2)[.] Of the 209 installations with lifted travel restrictions this week, 6 reinstated travel restrictions while 0 lifted restrictions."
United States. Department of Defense
2021-12-13
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Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) Fact Sheet for State and Local Governments CMS Programs & Payment for Care in Hospital Alternate Care Sites [REVISED December 13, 2021]
From the Purpose: "In response to the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] public health emergency (PHE), state and local governments, hospitals, and others are developing alternate care sites to expand capacity and provide needed care to patients. The term alternate care site (ACS) is a broad term for any building or structure that is temporarily converted or newly erected for healthcare use. The Federal Healthcare Resiliency Task Force issued a toolkit [hyperlink] to help state and local governments develop an ACS. This document provides state and local governments developing alternate care sites with information on how to seek payments through CMS [Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services] programs - Medicare, Medicaid, and the Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP) - for acute inpatient and outpatient care furnished at the site."
Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (U.S.)
2021-12-13
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COVID States Project: A 50-State COVID-19 Survey Report #70: MA Governor Charlie Baker's Approval
From the Document: "Massachusetts Governor Charlie Baker's announcement [hyperlink] last week that he would not seek re-election comes on the heels of a wave of retirements [hyperlink] of moderate Republican politicians who have found themselves at odds with former President Donald Trump and his vision of the Republican Party. Governor Baker's decision to not seek re-election is somewhat surprising, given the Republican has consistently garnered some of the highest gubernatorial approval ratings according to numerous polls [hyperlink] (including our own [hyperlink]). However Baker has struggled to garner support from members of his own party, with numerous polls [hyperlink] finding higher approval among Democrats and Independents than among Republicans. Baker's struggles with his own party were on full display when President Trump endorsed [hyperlink] Baker's primary challenger, Geoff Diehl, in October. Baker faced grim primary prospects according to a Public Policy Polling poll [hyperlink] that found Baker trailing Diehl in a hypothetical matchup between the two candidates. Baker has already served two terms as leader of the Bay state, and a third consecutive term would have been unprecedented [hyperlink] for a Massachusetts governor. The Covid States Project regularly asks people in all 50 states about their approval of their governor's handling of the pandemic and, in our most recent survey, about approval of their governor's overall job performance. In this report, we focus on the approval of Governor Charlie Baker's handling of the coronavirus pandemic since April 2020, and Baker's most recent general approval rating."
Northeastern University (Boston, Mass.); Shorenstein Center on Media, Politics, and Public Policy; Harvard Medical School . . .
Safarpour, Alauna; Perlis, Roy H.; Lazer, David . . .
2021-12-11
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MMWR Early Release: Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, December 10, 2021: Booster and Additional Primary Dose COVID-19 Vaccinations Among Adults Aged ≥65 Years -- United States, August 13, 2021-November 19, 2021
The Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR) Series is prepared by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). [It] is the agency's primary vehicle for scientific publication of timely, reliable, authoritative, accurate, objective, and useful public health information and recommendations. This Early Release issue of MMWR contains the following article: Booster and Additional Primary Dose COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] Vaccinations Among Adults Aged ≥65 Years -- United States, August 13, 2021-November 19, 2021." Notifiable Diseases and Mortality Tables from MMWR can be accessed at the following link [http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/index2021.html]
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
2021-12-10
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MMWR Early Release: Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, December 10, 2021: SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.529 (Omicron) Variant -- United States, December 1-8, 2021
The Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR) Series is prepared by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). [It] is the agency's primary vehicle for scientific publication of timely, reliable, authoritative, accurate, objective, and useful public health information and recommendations. This Early Release issue of MMWR contains the following article: "SARS-CoV-2 [severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2] B.1.1.529 (Omicron) Variant -- United States, December 1-8, 2021." Notifiable Diseases and Mortality Tables from MMWR can be accessed at the following link [http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/index2021.html].
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
2021-12-10
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MMWR: Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, December 10, 2021
The Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR) Series is prepared by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). [It] is the agency's primary vehicle for scientific publication of timely, reliable, authoritative, accurate, objective, and useful public health information and recommendations. This issue of MMWR contains the following: "Update on Vaccine-Derived Poliovirus Outbreaks -- Worldwide, January 2020-June 2021"; "Comparative Effectiveness and Antibody Responses to Moderna and PfizerBioNTech COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] Vaccines among Hospitalized Veterans -- Five Veterans Affairs Medical Centers, United States, February 1-September 30, 2021"; "Community-Based Testing Sites for SARS-CoV-2 [severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2] -- United States, March 2020-November 2021"; "Influenza A(H3N2) Outbreak on a University Campus -- Michigan, October-November 2021"; "Notes from the Field: Deployment of an Electronic Self-Administered Survey to Assess Human Health Effects of an Industrial Chemical Facility Fire -- Winnebago County, Illinois, June-July 2021"; "Errata" for Vol. 69, No. SS-7 [https://www.hsdl.org/?abstract&did=847967] and Vol. 70, No. 37 [https://www.hsdl.org/?abstract&did=858482]; and "QuickStats: Percentage of Employed Adults Who Needed to Work Closer Than 6 Feet from Other Persons All or Most of the Time at Their Main Job, by Occupation -- National Health Interview Survey, United States, July-December 2020." Notifiable Diseases and Mortality Tables from this issue can be accessed at the following link: [http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/index2021.html].
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
2021-12-10
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Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA): COVID-19 Emergency Temporary Standards (ETS) on Health Care Employment and Vaccinations and Testing for Large Employers [Updated December 10, 2021]
From the Summary: "On June 21, 2021, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) promulgated an Emergency Temporary Standard (ETS) for the prevention of the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 [severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2], the virus that causes COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] in health care employment settings. On November 5, 2021, OSHA promulgated an additional ETS that requires employers with 100 or more employees to require that all employees either be fully vaccinated against COVID-19 by January 4, 2022, or test negative for COVID-19 weekly in order to work onsite. On November 6, 2021, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit ordered a stay on the OSHA COVID-19 vaccination and testing ETS pending additional judicial review and reaffirmed this stay on November 12, 2021. The Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 (OSH Act) gives OSHA the ability to promulgate an ETS that would remain in effect for up to six months without going through the normal review and comment process of rulemaking. OSHA, however, has rarely used this authority in the past--not since the courts struck down its ETS on asbestos in 1983."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Szymendera, Scott
2021-12-10
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United States Department of the Interior COVID-19 Workplace Safety Plan, Version 2.1 (December 10, 2021)
From the Background: "The DOI [Department of the Interior] Pandemic Plan [hyperlink] was updated in January 2021 based on lessons learned from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) experience and other biological incidents, such as SARS [Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome], MERS [Middle East Respiratory Syndrome], Zika, H1N1 [Hemagglutinin Type 1 and Neuraminidase Type 1], and Ebola. The revised DOI Pandemic Plan serves as a non-disease-specific response and recovery framework that is used as a foundational plan to formulate the DOI COVID-19 Workplace Safety Plan and other DOI COVID-19 response and recovery plans. The overarching goals of the DOI COVID-19 Workplace Safety Plan are to: A. Halt the spread of COVID-19 by relying on the best available data and science-based public health measures; B. Prioritize the health and safety of the Federal workforce, contractors, and visitors; and C. Sustain the mission of the Department and mitigate impact to the environment, natural resources, economy, and the functioning of society."
United States. Department of the Interior
2021-12-10
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Rapid COVID-19 State of Vaccine Confidence Insights Report: 'SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variant' (November 24 - 29, 2021)
From the Document: "This is a special rapid State of Vaccine Confidence Insights Report addressing public and media reactions to the discovery of a new SARS-CoV-2 [Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2] variant, B.1.1.529 [Omicron]. This report employs the same methods and inputs from the COVID-19 [Coronavirus Disease 2019] State of Vaccine Confidence Insights Report, yet specifically seeks to better understand consumers' perceptions and sentiments around the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant. The report details threats to COVID-19 vaccine confidence, content gaps and information voids, circulating mis- and disinformation, and relevant action steps. The information in this report is a snapshot from November 24, 2021, through November 29, 2021."
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
2021-12-09
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Lessons Learned Research: WASH Sector, COVID-19 Situational Analysis Project
From the Introduction: "This research has involved a range of actors within the humanitarian sector, starting with the iMMAP [Information Management & Mine Action Programs] analysts located in the six countries of study and the WASH [water, sanitation and hygiene] officers of INGOs, who were able to collect primary data directly from the field. The team leader and the staff also collected information for iMMAPs monthly Situation Analysis Reports, including all the sectors and many other observations within the different countries. The six countries that were targeted for this research are Bangladesh, Burkina Faso, Colombia, the Democratic Republic of the Congo [DRC], Nigeria, and Syria. This study aims to identify the best practices to collect information in crises such as the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic. The best way to avoid the problems raised by the pandemic is to learn from mistakes and replicate their successes. Key informants provided valuable information on the lessons learned on data collection during COVID-19. These lessons range from the very first part of a project cycle (proposal and development phase) until the final evaluation of projects and the interaction and coordination mechanisms between different humanitarian WASH actors, sectors, and national and local authorities. It is also exciting to see how new technologies support data collection in all the countries and how the community-perceptions approach utilized by OXFAM in DRC, Burkina Faso, Syria, and Action Contre la Faim in Nigeria has proved to be successful."
United States. Agency for International Development; Information Management & Mine Action Programs; Data Friendly Space
Corbi, Jaime
2021-12-09?
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Lessons Learned Research: Food Security, COVID-19 Situational Analysis Project
From the Introduction: "In July 2020, iMMAP [Information Management & Mine Action Programs] launched the Global COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] Situation Analysis Project funded by the Bureau of Humanitarian Assistance (BHA) of USAID and implemented in Bangladesh, Burkina Faso, Colombia, DRC [Democratic Republic of the Congo], Nigeria, and Syria. The project aims to strengthen the information flow and analysis capacities by addressing challenges in data and information comprehensiveness, consistency, and value. This will enable humanitarian organizations to better understand the humanitarian impact of COVID-19 and support response operations. Based on an in-depth collation, review, and synthesis of secondary data via the DEEP [hyperlink] platform, this project produces monthly situation analysis reports that provide humanitarian stakeholders with comprehensive information on the spread of COVID-19 and related humanitarian consequences. After one year of implementation, the project is now seeking to document and report on lessons learned. Sector-based research was launched in July 2021 to explore data availability and quality; challenges, opportunities, and adaptations for each of the selected sectors for this research; and present lessons learned and recommendations. The sectors that will comprise this global research are Education, Food Security, Livelihoods, Protection, and WASH [water, sanitation and hygiene]. The focus of this piece of research is Food Security."
United States. Agency for International Development; Information Management & Mine Action Programs; Data Friendly Space
Khan, Fakhr-e-Alam
2021-12-09?
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Social Capital Dimensions Are Differentially Associated with COVID-19 Vaccinations, Masks, and Physical Distancing
From the Background: "Social capital has been associated with health outcomes in communities and can explain variations in different geographic localities. Social capital has also been associated with behaviors that promote better health and reduce the impacts of diseases. During the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic, social distancing, face masking, and vaccination have all been essential in controlling contagion. These behaviors have not been uniformly adopted by communities in the United States. Using different facets of social capital to explain the differences in public behaviors among communities during pandemics is lacking."
PLoS ONE
Ferwana, Ibtihal; Varshney, Lav R.
2021-12-09
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Lessons Learned Research: Livelihood Sector, COVID-19 Situational Analysis Project
From the Introduction: "In July 2020, iMMAP [Information Management & Mine Action Programs] and DFS [Data Friendly Space] initiated the 'COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] Situational Analysis project' funded by the BHA [Bureau of Humanitarian Assistance] of USAID [U.S. Agency for International Development]. The project provided a solution to the growing global need for information, assessment and analysis among humanitarian stakeholders. The project team was working towards strengthening the information flow available to the humanitarian actors to enable humanitarian organizations to better respond to the COVID-19 pandemic with focus on Bangladesh, Burkina Faso, Colombia, DRC [Democratic Republic of the Congo], Nigeria and Syria. During 2020, iMMAP teams have collected and aggregated and synthesized data from different sources to produce monthly situational analysis reports. The monthly reports were widely utilized and facilitated a better understanding of the humanitarian impact of COVID-19, and support partners in planning and targeting response operations amid the global crisis. [...] The aim of the research was to come up with recommendations based on best practices that could be implemented in various contexts, especially countries of focus. In addition, cross learning between countries would also help in improving the data availability and quality resulting in effective and efficient response to COVID-19 and policy formulation for similar pandemics in future. The research through review of secondary information and KIIs [key informant interviews] addressed the following research questions: [1] What has been the availability of data to the livelihoods Sector/ Cluster and how has this changed relative to pre-COVID-19? [2] What has been the quality of data available to the livelihoods Sector/ Cluster and how has this changed relative to pre-COVID-19? [3] What challenges have the Sector/ Cluster faced throughout the COVID-19 pandemic? [4] How has the livelihoods sector/cluster adapted to continue to provide services and support during COVID-19? What Lessons Learned are available to the livelihoods sector/Cluster[?] How will COVID-19 affect ways of working moving forward?"
United States. Agency for International Development; Information Management & Mine Action Programs; Data Friendly Space
Khan, Jehangir
2021-12-09?
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Compensation Programs for COVID-19 Vaccine Injuries [December 9, 2021]
From the Summary: "More than 200 million Americans, and billions of people worldwide, have received one or more doses of a vaccine to protect against Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Most common side effects to COVID-19 vaccines are mild and generally resolve in a few days. However, in rare instances, COVID-19 vaccines can cause serious adverse events. For example, roughly one person out of every 200,000 who receives an mRNA [messenger ribonucleic acid]-based COVID-19 vaccine experiences a severe allergic reaction. Other reported serious adverse events, such as myocarditis and Guillain-Barré Syndrome, are rare but may be associated with some COVID-19 vaccines. Individuals who believe they are injured by COVID-19 vaccines may seek compensation for those injuries and other associated harms or costs. Absent an applicable federal law, individuals allegedly injured by a vaccine might seek redress by filing a state tort law claim against the vaccine manufacturer. However, federal law has two distinct compensation regimes that limit legal liability for vaccine manufacturers and provide potential compensation--without requiring a showing of fault--for individuals harmed by adverse reactions to vaccines. For injuries and deaths associated with most vaccines recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) for routine administration in the United States (such as pediatric and seasonal influenza vaccines), the National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program (VICP) may provide compensation. During public health emergencies declared under the Public Readiness and Emergency Preparedness Act (PREP Act), the Countermeasures Injury Compensation Program (CICP) may provide compensation for injuries and deaths resulting from the administration of 'covered countermeasures,' which may include vaccines."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Hickey, Kevin J.; Ward, Erin H.
2021-12-09
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Guidance for Parents: Keeping Kids Safe and in School Throughout the COVID-19 Pandemic
From the Conclusion: "Parents have received a host of conflicting information about the effectiveness of masks from policymakers. They have also been caught in the middle of a political debate that is increasingly detached from evidence. With COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] cases on the rise yet again--as can be seen in Europe, where cases are currently increasing even in nations with high vaccination rates, and in states like Vermont that also have high rates of vaccination--it is important to look at the facts. The recent emergence of the Omicron variant, which reinforces scientific evidence that the virus can mutate, means that mask use is as important now as ever. Research demonstrates that masks are an effective and safe tool for reducing COVID-19 cases among students. As discussed earlier, school districts that implemented mask requirements experienced fewer cases of COVID-19 among their students and teachers. Thus, parents can rest assured that masks will help keep their children safe while attending in-person classes. However, schools cannot continue to use masks for an unlimited period. It is important for schools to develop plans to remove mask mandates based on the number of cases they are experiencing and local transmission rates. To avoid eliminating mask mandates at the wrong time, schools must regularly engage parents to understand the risks and challenges they face. Further, parents should advocate for policies they believe will keep their children safe from the COVID-19 pandemic."
Rice University; James A. Baker III Institute for Public Policy
Kulesza, Christopher F.; Moore, Quianta
2021-12-09
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Unrepresentative Big Surveys Significantly Overestimated US Vaccine Uptake
From the Document: "Surveys are a crucial tool for understanding public opinion and behaviour, and their accuracy depends on maintaining statistical representativeness of their target populations by minimizing biases from all sources. Increasing data size shrinks confidence intervals but magnifies the effect of survey bias: an instance of the Big Data Paradox. Here we demonstrate this paradox in estimates of first-dose COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] vaccine uptake in US adults from 9 January to 19 May 2021 from two large surveys: Delphi-Facebook (about 250,000 responses per week) and Census Household Pulse (about 75,000 every two weeks). In May 2021, Delphi-Facebook overestimated uptake by 17 percentage points (14-20 percentage points with 5% benchmark imprecision) and Census Household Pulse by 14 (11-17 percentage points with 5% benchmark imprecision), compared to a retroactively updated benchmark the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention published on 26 May 2021. Moreover, their large sample sizes led to miniscule margins of error on the incorrect estimates. By contrast, an Axios-Ipsos online panel with about 1,000 responses per week following survey research best practices provided reliable estimates and uncertainty quantification. We decompose observed error using a recent analytic framework to explain the inaccuracy in the three surveys. We then analyse the implications for vaccine hesitancy and willingness. We show how a survey of 250,000 respondents can produce an estimate of the population mean that is no more accurate than an estimate from a simple random sample of size 10. Our central message is that data quality matters more than data quantity, and that compensating the former with the latter is a mathematically provable losing proposition."
Nature Publishing Group
Flaxman, Seth; Bradley, Valerie C.; Kuriwaki, Shiro . . .
2021-12-08
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Best Practices in Housing, Transportation, and Infrastructure to Inform an Equitable COVID-19 Recovery
From the Document: "As the United States recovers from the [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic, cities such as Washington, DC, have the opportunity to restructure their institutions and public programs to ensure that the changes that ensue produce positive outcomes shared by all. In so doing, they can help address and remediate past inequities [hyperlink]. This type of inclusive recovery [hyperlink] can expand opportunities for people with low incomes and people of color and ensure better access to jobs, schools, recreation, and other needs in the coming decades. [...] In this memo, we focus on three areas of particular importance to a sustainable, equitable recovery: transportation, housing, and other types of infrastructure. These topics are essential to ensuring that all residents--especially those with low incomes and those who have been historically excluded--have the ability to live in safe, affordable housing and neighborhoods and access to opportunities such as jobs and high-quality education. We identify mechanisms by which DC can seize upon past successes to generate productive outcomes in these areas by pointing to approaches that have proven effective in other regions. In table 1, we summarize key questions and best practices relating to transportation, housing, and other forms of infrastructure."
Urban Institute
Freemark, Yonah; Stacy, Christina Plerhoples; Jackson, Arielle . . .
2021-12-07
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Limiting Lens: How Vaccine Misinformation Has Influenced Hispanic Conversations Online
From the Executive Summary: "One of the biggest challenges to studying and understanding vaccine misinformation that affects Hispanic people is the lure of reductive categorization. In this report, we use both the terms Hispanic (primarily) and Latinx (secondarily). But both contain assumptions about language, identity and geography that fall apart under interrogation. The term 'Hispanic' encompasses over 60 million people in the US, including Afro-Latinxs, Asian-Latinos, citizens, non-citizens and other groups with sharply different experiences. Not all speak Spanish, although they may engage with communities that do. Because of data restraints, in this research we were unable to disaggregate these many different populations. With these challenges in mind, First Draft's research team used a mixed-methods approach to collecting and thematically analyzing vaccine-related social media posts surrounding Hispanic communities."
First Draft
Longoria, Jaime; Acosta, Daniel; Urbani, Shaydanay . . .
2021-12-07?
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Jobs and the Economy in the U.S. in the Wake of COVID-19: Key Issues Facing Governors
From the Document: "Even as the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] public health crisis lessens and the country increasingly focuses on a full 'return to normal,' the pandemic's legacy is likely to be profound and will present Governors with lasting challenges that are just being revealed. These challenges that will impact almost every policy area, from budget to healthcare, to infrastructure, to workforce development and education investments. While many post-COVID developments are still in flux, key issues are emerging that are either generated by or exacerbated by the impact of the pandemic, and that Governors should consider incorporating into their policy agendas and longer-term planning, including: [1] Ongoing health effects[;] [2] Difficulties (re)building workforces in key sectors[;] [3] Increase in remote work[;] [4] New inflationary pressures and supply chain issues[;] [5] Lower population growth[;] [and] [6] More geopolitical uncertainty[.] The following brief provides an overview of some major trends and issues Governors will be facing in the years to come that are either resulting from the pandemic or the impact of post-pandemic economic recovery and growth--several of which were discussed during an NGA [National Governors' Association]-hosted bipartisan meeting of ten Governors that took place in Denver, Colorado in August 2021. This brief also provides examples of actions Governors and states are taking to address these issues." This document includes charts, tables, and graphs to illustrate the text.
National Governors' Association
Stephens, Rachel; Wescott, Robert F.
2021-12-07?
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Systems and Tools Implemented to Track COVID-19 Vaccine Data
From the Executive Summary: "As a federal agency administering COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] vaccines, VA [U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs] is required to report directly to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) on its COVID-19 vaccine supply and on all administered doses. The VA Office of Inspector General (OIG) conducted this review to determine if the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) implemented the data collection and reporting systems needed to fulfill this role--specifically, to report on the supply of vaccines to VA medical facilities and clinics, and doses administered to veterans enrolled in VA's healthcare system and to VA employees. Developing systems to track and report on the supply and administration of the COVID-19 vaccines presented distinct challenges for VHA. One challenge was that VHA does not have a centralized pharmacy inventory management system to track vaccine supply at facilities. Another was the scale of the effort: the two populations that were the immediate focus--veterans enrolled in VA's healthcare system and VHA employees--numbered some 9.5 million. To vaccinate these populations, VA had to quickly modify separate tracking systems. VA also had to be able to track vaccinations for unenrolled veterans (around 10 million as of June 2021), veterans' spouses and caregivers, and other federal agency employees to prepare for providing vaccinations to these or others as needed."
United States. Department of Veterans Affairs. Office of Inspector General
2021-12-07
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COVID-19 Vaccination: Selected U.S. Data Sources [Updated December 7, 2021]
From the Document: "The sources below can help congressional staff track the progress of the U.S. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination campaign at the national, state, and local levels. Sources were selected for having commonly cited and frequently requested data. This list is not intended to be comprehensive. Because different resources use different methodologies, readers should check websites' notes and caveats, and use caution when comparing data. For help interpreting or analyzing these data, congressional staff should contact CRS (202-707-5700, or place an online request). For an overview of considerations for Congress, see CRS Insight IN11584, 'Tracking COVID-19 Vaccines: U.S. Data Systems and Related Issues.' For international sources, see CRS Insight IN11732, 'International COVID-19 Data and Vaccine Distribution: Selected Resources'. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC's) Vaccines for COVID-19 [hyperlink] can assist constituents with questions about the vaccines. Example sources on public attitudes toward vaccination include CDC's National Immunization Survey [hyperlink] and State of Vaccine Confidence Insights Report [hyperlink], Census Bureau [hyperlink], Kaiser Family Foundation [hyperlink], Carnegie Mellon University [hyperlink], Johns Hopkins [hyperlink], and scholarly articles [hyperlink]."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Cornell, Ada S.; Napili, Angela
2021-12-07
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Best Practices in Education to Inform an Equitable COVID-19 Recovery
From the Introduction: "Although important improvements have been made in public education in the District of Columbia during the past decade, the pandemic disrupted instruction and introduced new challenges for many students. Students of color and their families--many of whom were already being inadequately served before the pandemic--were disproportionately affected by job losses, COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] infections, and obstacles to participation in virtual learning. This memo focuses on academic, social and emotional, and physical health strategies that have the potential to address these disparities."
Urban Institute
Gallagher, Megan; Terrones, Fanny; Joseph, Jake
2021-12-06
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Best Practices in Local Revenue Recovery to Inform an Equitable COVID-19 Recovery
From the Introduction: "The COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic created unprecedented revenue volatility in the District of Columbia (DC) and most other state and local governments. Across the country, state and local tax collections rapidly collapsed following 'shutdown' orders in the spring of 2020 but then recovered--far faster than was anticipated--following both congressional pandemic relief legislation and unforeseen economic shifts. As DC continues its local revenue recovery, it will confront many of the same challenges facing other states and large cities, including fiscal planning during a period of great uncertainty, navigating fast-changing federal policies, and promoting an equitable recovery. However, unlike other jurisdictions, DC's government uniquely functions and taxes as both a state and a local government, creating responsibilities and opportunities. This memo highlights lessons to be learned--good and bad--from other state and local governments. But it also stresses that the pandemic's effect on state and local revenue varies significantly depending on both the configuration of a jurisdiction's revenue system and its economic mix of industries. Finally, on matters of equity, although work remains to be done, policymakers should appreciate that DC is widely regarded as a leader. DC's policy work on equity, whether new (baby bonds) or old (property tax relief), sets DC apart from most jurisdictions. Nonetheless, additional, achievable reforms could make DC's revenue system fairer and more just."
Urban Institute
Auxier, Richard C.
2021-12-06
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Best Practices in Employment to Inform an Equitable COVID-19 Recovery
From the Introduction: "The COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic and resulting recession have had dramatic effects on the workforce, labor market, and employers. The pandemic created unprecedented challenges and exacerbated existing inequities, especially for Black, Latinx, and many immigrant communities. Washington, DC, a diverse and vibrant metropolis that is also our nation's capital, saw unemployment rise to 11.1 percent during the peak of job loss, with higher rates for Black and Latinx workers. As of September 2021, the national unemployment rate stood at 4.8 percent, with a rate of 6.6 percent in DC. Although the economy and labor market have improved from their worst point during the recession, action is still needed to help those who are struggling to find good jobs, to improve the quality of jobs that are available, and, in turn, to meet the needs of businesses for skilled workers. Our nation and communities are at an inflection point where policymakers can use the large federal investments in workers, infrastructure, jobs, and communities to build local economies and a nation that is more inclusive and equitable."
Urban Institute
Spaulding, Shayne; Sirois, Madeleine
2021-12-06
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COVID-19: Potential Implications for International Security Environment -- Overview of Issues and Further Reading for Congress [Updated December 3, 2021]
From the Introduction: "Some observers argue the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic could be a world-changing event with potentially profound and long-lasting implications for the international security environment. Other observers are more skeptical that the pandemic will have such effects. This report provides a brief overview of some potential implications the pandemic might have for the international security environment, and appendices listing CRS [Congressional Research Service] reports and other writings for further reading. Issues for Congress may include whether and how the pandemic could change the international security environment, whether the Biden Administration's actions for responding to such change are appropriate and sufficient, and what implications such change could have for the role of Congress in setting and overseeing the execution of U.S. foreign and defense policy. Congress's decisions regarding these issues could have significant implications for U.S. foreign and defense policy. Appendix A [hyperlink] presents a list of CRS reports that provide more in-depth discussions of issues presented in this report. Appendix B [hyperlink] presents a list of additional writings reflecting various perspectives on these issues."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
O'Rourke, Ronald; McInnis, Kathleen J.
2021-12-03
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MMWR: Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, December 3, 2021
The Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR) Series is prepared by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). [It] is the agency's primary vehicle for scientific publication of timely, reliable, authoritative, accurate, objective, and useful public health information and recommendations. This issue of MMWR contains the following: "Economic Cost of Injury -- United States, 2019"; "State-Level Economic Costs of Fatal Injuries -- United States, 2019"; "Incidence of Nonfatal Traumatic Brain Injury-Related Hospitalizations -- United States, 2018"; "'Vital Signs:' HIV Infection, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention Among Gay, Bisexual, and Other Men Who Have Sex with Men -- United States, 2010-2019"; "Notes from the Field: COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] Vaccination Coverage Among Persons Experiencing Homelessness -- Six U.S. Jurisdictions, December 2020-August 2021"; "Correction and Republication: Symptoms of Depression, Anxiety, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, and Suicidal Ideation Among State, Tribal, Local, and Territorial Public Health Workers During the COVID-19 Pandemic -- United States, March-April 2021"; and "QuickStats: Rate of Cesarean Delivery, by Maternal Prepregnancy Body Mass Index Category-- United States, 2020." Notifiable Diseases and Mortality Tables from this issue can be accessed at the following link: [http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/index2021.html].
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
2021-12-03
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Preparing for Extreme Risks: Building a Resilient Society, Report of Session 2021-22
From the Summary: "Our inquiry has come at a critical time. Nearly two years have passed since the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic emerged, placing a spotlight on the Government's planning for the most serious risks facing the UK or its interests overseas. The pandemic has led to unprecedented levels of uncertainty and shock across the world with many countries struggling to respond to the virus. Prior to the onset of COVID-19, the UK's approach to risk assessment and risk management was internationally commended and viewed as rigorous. However, the pandemic has exposed the UK's risk management system as deficient and too inflexible to provide the protection our nation needs. The risks we face are changing. Technological advances have raised the threat posed by the malicious deployment of technologies which could be used for good or ill, while traditional threats such as those from nuclear or chemical warfare remain. The risk of the failure of ageing critical infrastructure such as nuclear power stations, dams and bridges grows day on day without sufficient intervention. A reliance on electricity and the internet and the increasing complexity and interdependence of the networks underpinning daily life have left us vulnerable to cascading failures which could proliferate rapidly and cause widespread devastation. The UK's risk management system must adapt to ensure that we are prepared for the evolving extreme and systemic risks on the horizon to protect us today and into the future."
Great Britain. Parliament. House of Lords
2021-12-03
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Best Practices in Safety Net Programs to Inform an Equitable COVID-19 Recovery
From the Introduction: "As the US slowly recovers from a long COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic, US cities and states have an unprecedented opportunity to pursue an inclusive recovery [hyperlink]. District of Columbia leaders can harness federal recovery funds to improve on the city's track record [hyperlink] of economic and racial inclusion for historically excluded populations. In this memo, we address best practices and policies for safety net enhancements and reforms in DC. Building on key stakeholder recommendations provided at Council's May 21, 2021, safety net hearing, we identify research- and evidence-based policies and practices that DC can use to generate productive outcomes, as well as provide relevant examples from the emerging recovery plans in other places. In table 1, we summarize key questions and best practices relating to safety net supports. In this memorandum, we define the scope of the safety net as including cash, as well as support for utilities, shelter, and food."
Urban Institute
Bogle, Mary; Kumari, Shubhangi
2021-12-02
