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Inflation Equation: Corporate Profiteering, Supply Chain Bottlenecks, and COVID-19, Hybrid Hearing Before the Committee on Financial Services, U.S. House of Representatives, One Hundred Seventeenth Congress, Second Session, March 8, 2022
This is the March 8, 2022 hearing on "Inflation Equation: Corporate Profiteering, Supply Chain Bottlenecks, and COVID-19 [Coronavirus Disease 2019]," held before the U.S. House Committee on Financial Services. From the opening statement of Maxine Waters: "We are still in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic and its effects, including higher prices at the grocery store and higher monthly rents that are taking a toll on household budgets. Today, I expect we will hear some of our colleagues attempt to pin inflation on the successful American Rescue Plan, a bill that helped attack this deadly virus and get millions of people vaccinated, supported 6 million small businesses, and helped fuel the economic growth, while resulting in the first reduction of Federal debt seen since the Obama Administration." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Demond Drummer, Tyler Goodspeed, Rakeen Mabud, Sandeep Vaheesan, and Mark Zandi.
United States. Government Publishing Office
2022
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Learning from COVID-19: Reimagining Public-Private Partnerships in Public Health
From the Introduction: "The COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic presented the most significant public health challenge in decades in the United States and globally. Nearly all facets of society scrambled to respond to the crisis while navigating the multitude of existing and emergent complex public-health challenges. Chronic underfunding of our outdated public-health infrastructure, the lack of seamless political coordination, a swirling infodemic [hyperlink], and a strained response all further exacerbated the crisis. As a result, as of December 2021, about 505 million cases have been reported and nearly 800,000 individuals lost their lives to COVID-19 in the United States alone. [...] Lessons from public-private partnerships strengthened or newly formed during pandemic response are bright spots in imagining a better future. The Milken Institute Center for Public Health leveraged our network of thought leaders to maximize learnings from this unique moment in time, focused on examining the private sector's role and responsibility in supporting public health. This report uncovers and spotlights innovative and collaborative partnerships that emerged in response to the crisis and offers lessons to promote and protect public health so that they can be leveraged for the future, both in times of crisis and non-emergencies."
Milken Institute
Kocsis, Sarah Wells; Roesler, Athena Rae; Marshall, Jessica . . .
2022
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National Tragedy: COVID-19 in the Nation's Nursing Homes, Hearing Before the Committee on Finance, United States Senate, One Hundred Seventeenth Congress, First Session, March 17, 2021
This is the March 17, 2021 hearing "A National Tragedy: COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] in the Nation's Nursing Homes," held before the U.S. Senate Committee on Finance. From the opening statement of Ron Wyden: "Over the last year, more than 175,000 long-term care residents and workers, including 130,000 living and working in federally certified nursing homes, have died of this terrible disease. They were at the center of a collision of mismanagement. In too many nursing homes--even before the pandemic--there was chronic understaffing, slipshod plans for infection control, and abuse and neglect of vulnerable patients. When COVID-19 arrived, the Trump administration came up small by withholding data, failing to distribute protective equipment, and issuing guidance that put seniors in harm's way. This was a systemic, nationwide failure, and it will be challenging to fix. Members can start by agreeing on basic facts." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Adelina Ramos, Denise Bottcher, R. Tamara Konetzka, John E. Dicken, and David Gifford.
United States. Government Publishing Office
2022
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Examining Our COVID-19 Response: An Update from the Frontlines, Hearing of the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions, United States Senate, One Hundred Seventeenth Congress, First Session on Examining the COVID-19 Response, Focusing on an Update from the Frontlines, March 9, 2021
This is the March 9, 2021 hearing on "Examining Our COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] Response: An Update from the Frontlines," held before the U.S. Senate Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions. From the Opening Statement of Patty Murray: "Today we are holding a hearing on the ongoing response to the COVID-19 pandemic with public health experts and those on the frontlines of our fight against this virus." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Umair Shah, Ashish K. Jha, Jerry P. Abraham, and Mary Ann Fuchs.
United States. Government Publishing Office
2022
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Improving the CDC Quarantine Station Network's Response to Emerging Threats
From the Webpage: "The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is responsible for preventing the introduction, transmission, and spread of communicable diseases into the United States. It does this primarily through the Division of Global Migration and Quarantine (DGMQ), which oversees the federal quarantine station network. Over the past two decades, the frequency and volume of microbial threats worldwide have continued to intensify. The COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic, in particular, has prompted a reevaluation of many of our current disease control mechanisms, including the use and role of quarantine as a public health tool. The emergence of COVID-19 prompted CDC to request that the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convene a committee to assess the role of DGMQ and the federal quarantine station network in mitigating the risk of onward communicable disease transmission in light of changes in the global environment, including large increases in international travel, threats posed by emerging infections, and the movement of animals and cargo. The committee was also tasked with identifying how lessons learned during COVID-19 and other public health emergencies can be leveraged to strengthen pandemic response. The report's findings and recommendations span five domains: organizational capacity, disease control and response efforts, new technologies and data systems, coordination and collaboration, and legal and regulatory authority."
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine; National Academies Press (U.S.)
2022
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Evolving Crisis Standards of Care and Ongoing Lessons from COVID-19: Proceedings of a Workshop Series
From the Webpage: "Crisis Standards of Care (CSC) inform decisions on medical care during a large-scale crisis such as a pandemic or natural disaster, eliminating the need to make these decisions at the bedside without protections or guidance. Numerous points throughout the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic have demonstrated the necessity of this type of crisis planning. The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Forum on Medical and Public Health Preparedness for Disasters and Emergencies convened a series of public workshops to examine the experiences of healthcare providers during the COVID-19 pandemic and identify lessons that can inform current and future CSC planning and implementation. The workshops examined staffing and workforce needs, planning and implementation of CSC plans, and legal, ethical, and equity considerations of CSC planning. Topics of discussion included improving coordination between the bedside and boardroom, increasing buy-in from elected officials, expanding provider engagement, and addressing health equity issues. This publication summarizes the presentation and discussion of the workshops."
National Academies Press (U.S.)
Snair, Megan Reeve; Attal-Juncqua, Aurelia; Wollek, Scott
2022
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Caring for People with Serious Illness: Lessons Learned from the COVID-19 Pandemic: Proceedings of a Workshop
From the Webpage Description: "The COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic has highlighted existing weaknesses in the United States health care system, while creating a new set of challenges related to caring for people with serious illness. The National Academy of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine's Roundtable on Quality Care for People with Serious Illness hosted a three-part workshop to explore the initial responses to the pandemic by health care teams providing care to people with serious illness, the impact of the pandemic on the health care workforce, the use of telehealth, issues related to clearly communicating with the public about health emergencies, and policy opportunities to improve care for people with serious illness. Issues related to health equity were discussed throughout the three webinars."
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine; National Academies Press (U.S.)
Graig, Laurene A.; Alper, Joe
2022
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Lessons Learned in Health Professions Education During the COVID-19 Pandemic, Part 2: Proceedings of a Workshop
From the webpage Description: "The COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic was arguably the greatest disrupter health professional education (HPE) has ever experienced. To explore how lessons learned from this unprecedented event could inform the future of HPE, the Global Forum on Innovation in Health Professional Education of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convened a virtual workshop series in 2020 and 2021. The first workshop focused on identifying challenges faced by educators, administrators, and students amidst the pandemic and how the different stakeholder groups shifted and adapted in response. The second workshop explored how experts from various health professions might respond to hypothetical--but realistic--future world situations impacting HPE. The final two workshops contemplated the future of HPE post-COVID and explored next steps for applying lessons learned from the workshop series to allow educators to test and evaluate educational innovations in real time. This Proceedings of a Workshop summarizes discussions from the second, third, and fourth workshops in this series." Information on Part 1 can be found in HSDL here: [https://www.hsdl.org/?abstract&did=865129].
National Academies Press (U.S.)
Cuff, Patricia A.; Forstag, Erin Hammers
2022
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Aviation After a Year of Pandemic: Economics, People, and Technology: Proceedings of a Workshop
From the Webpage Description: "Among the various segments of society affected by the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic over the past year and a half, few were hit as hard as the aviation industry. At its worst point, in March 2020, passenger volumes for U.S. airlines had dropped more than 95 percent. Airlines, airports, aircraft manufacturers, and other components of the air travel system faced an unprecedented challenge, with threats to the health of passengers and crews combined with threats to the financial health of the entire system. To address the many COVID-related issues facing the aviation industry, on June 28-30, 2021, the Aeronautics and Space Engineering Board of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine hosted a three-day workshop, Aviation After a Year of Pandemic - Economics, People, and Technology. Funded by the National Aeronautical and Space Administration and held remotely via Zoom, the workshop focused on four specific areas regarding the effects of COVID on the aviation industry: economics, personnel, technology, and next steps. This publication summarizes the presentation and discussion of the workshop."
National Academies Press (U.S.)
Pool, Robert, 1955-
2022
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Flying in the COVID-19 Era: Science-Based Risk Assessments and Mitigation Strategies on the Ground and in the Air
From the Webpage Description: "The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convened a workshop on February 4th and 5th, 2021 to review the issues related to safety of passengers and employees in commercial air transportation, for domestic and international travel, during the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic. The workshop explored best practices to assess and mitigate COVID-19 transmission risks experienced during the travel chain, from the departure airport entrance to the destination airport exit. The workshop also identified areas where more research is needed to address gaps in understanding. This publication documents the presentations and discussions held during the workshop, and is presented as a synthesis of the workshop."
National Academies Press (U.S.)
Pool, Robert, 1955-
2022
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Rental Eviction and the COVID-19 Pandemic: Averting a Looming Crisis
From the Webpage Description: "As the federal moratorium on rental eviction is set to expire on July 31st, 2021, actionable guidance is urgently needed on how to ensure that renters can stay in their homes and housing aid reaches the communities that need it most. This report from the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine recommends that the Executive Office of the President of the United States should consider establishing a task force to prevent rental evictions and mitigate housing instability caused by the pandemic. 'Rental Eviction and the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] Pandemic: Averting a Looming Crisis' recommends actions to be taken both urgently and over the next three years aimed at addressing the immediate crisis as well as long-standing needs related to housing choice, affordability, and security across the United States. These include: building on existing social programs that support those struggling with poverty and housing instability; efficiently channeling emergency relief to renters and landlords; increasing the availability of housing choice vouchers; reforming unemployment insurance; and reducing discriminatory practices and systemic inequities."
National Academies Press (U.S.)
Briere, Rona
2022
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Changes in College and Career Readiness Supports During the First Year of the COVID-19 Pandemic
From the Webpage Description: "High schools play a crucial role in helping students plan for and transition to postsecondary education and career pathways. During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, supporting all students in their transition to life after high school remains important for postsecondary success. [...] Emerging evidence suggests that high school students' postsecondary aspirations and their engagement with school counselors have changed during the pandemic. In this Data Note, the authors compare nationally representative survey response data from the 2020 and 2021 Learn Together Surveys (LTS) to examine differences in how high school teachers and principals provided supports to students for successful postsecondary transitions before and during the first year of the pandemic. Drawing on responses from 2,126 9th- to 12th-grade teachers and 702 high school principals to the 2021 LTS and responses from 2,279 9th- to 12th-grade teachers and 640 high school principals to the 2020 LTS, the authors compare educators' responses across various school-level characteristics, including student free or reduced-price lunch eligibility, enrollment of nonwhite students, and school locale. The authors found equity gaps in which groups of students reportedly received sufficient supports for postsecondary transitions and recommend strategies for improving students' equitable access to and engagement with such supports."
RAND Corporation
Mulhern, Christine; Steiner, Elizabeth D.
2022
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COVID-19 Variants and Evolving Research Needs, Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Investigations and Oversight of the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology, House of Representatives, One Hundred Seventeenth Congress, First Session, May 12, 2021
This is the May 12, 2021 hearing on "COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] Variants and Evolving Research Needs," held before the U.S. House Subcommittee on Investigations and Oversight of the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology. From the opening statement of Bill Foster: "[J]ust as we've adapted to life in the pandemic, the virus has mutated as it continues to spread around the globe. Each new variant brings the potential for increased contagiousness, disease severity, and evasion of safety measures and vaccine-induced natural immunity. Today, most of the new variants seem to have evolved from national-natural evolutionary pressure, natural selection for infectiousness. One of the commonly expressed worries is about an escape variant of the virus, a superbug that is resistant to our vaccines and may-might evolve in a partially vaccinated population. In a worst-case scenario, such a variant would require us to start over from zero in our vaccine manufacturing, tests, and deployment." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Salim Abdool Karim, Nathan Grubaugh, Stephen Streiffer, and Caitlin Rivers.
United States. Government Publishing Office
2022
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Housing Finance System: Future Reforms Should Consider Past Plans and Vulnerabilities Highlighted by Pandemic, Report to Congressional Addressees
From the Highlights: "Since 2013, GAO [Government Accountability Office] has designated the federal role in housing finance as a high-risk area because of the significant risks the current role poses. In September 2019, Treasury and HUD [Department of Housing and Urban Development] began implementing housing finance reform plans, which included steps to transition the enterprises from federal conservatorship. But pandemic-related strains on the housing finance system and the transition to a new administration have increased uncertainty about the future of reform. The CARES [Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security] Act includes a provision for GAO to monitor federal efforts related to COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019]. Congress also included a provision in statute for GAO to annually review financial services regulations. This report examines (1) vulnerabilities in the housing finance system highlighted by the pandemic, and (2) the nature and status of recommendations in the 2019 reform plans and the extent to which they align with system vulnerabilities and GAO's housing finance reform framework (GAO-15-131)."
United States. Government Accountability Office
2022-01
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Proceedings of the U.S.-Japan Socioeconomic Policy Research Exchange: The Rise of Telework Under COVID-19 and the Growth of Cryptocurrency
From the Document: "In both the United States and Japan, teleworking, or working from home, underwent explosive growth during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, as did the adoption of blockchain and cryptocurrency technologies. To explore the implications of these two phenomena, in early 2021, the RAND Corporation convened a pair of public, online conferences that brought together leading U.S. and Japanese experts to inform the general public and generate potential insights for policymakers in both countries about how each side is responding to these phenomena. Noted economist, public intellectual, and former U.S. Secretary of Labor Robert Reich gave the keynote speech at the first conference, 'The United States, Japan, and the Rise of Telework During the COVID-19 Pandemic,' on February 4, 2021, discussing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and the rise of telework on employment. At the second conference, 'The U.S.-Japan Socioeconomic Policy Exchange, Year II,' on March 24, 2021, S&P [Standard & Poor's] Global President and Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the U.S.-Japan Business Council Douglas Peterson offered his perspective on the importance of and policy challenges facing the U.S.-Japanese economic relationship. This volume captures insights from the two conferences, reflects some of the exchanges among the participants at those sessions, and is built around the papers that the conference presenters submitted after the conferences concluded."
RAND Corporation
Harold, Scott, 1975-; Bouskill, Kathryn E.; Ichikawa, Hiroo, 1947- . . .
2022
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Global Risks Report 2022, Seventeenth Edition
From the Executive Summary: "As 2022 begins, COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] and its economic and societal consequences continue to pose a critical threat to the world. Vaccine inequality and a resultant uneven economic recovery risk compounding social fractures and geopolitical tensions. In the poorest 52 countries-- home to 20% of the world's people--only 6% of the population had been vaccinated at the time of writing. By 2024, developing economies (excluding China) will have fallen 5.5% below their pre-pandemic expected GDP [gross domestic product] growth, while advanced economies will have surpassed it by 0.9%--widening the global income gap. The resulting global divergence will create tensions-- within and across borders--that risk worsening the pandemic's cascading impacts and complicating the coordination needed to tackle common challenges including strengthening climate action, enhancing digital safety, restoring livelihoods and societal cohesion and managing competition in space. The 'Global Risks Report 2022' presents the results of the latest Global Risks Perception Survey (GRPS), followed by an analysis of key risks emanating from current economic, societal, environmental and technological tensions. The report concludes with reflections on enhancing resilience, drawing from the lessons of the last two years of the COVID-19 pandemic."
World Economic Forum
Granados Franco, Emilio; Kuritzky, Melinda; Lukacs, Richard . . .
2022
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IDB COVID-19 Response Projects and Gender Integration
From the Introduction: "CGD's [Center for Global Development's] COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] Gender and Development Initiative seeks to gather evidence on the gendered impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic in order to ensure policy responses to the crisis reach and benefit women and girls. Research from around the world has shown that women have been hit hardest by the pandemic and economic crisis, suffering major setbacks in employment and entrepreneurship and shouldering more unpaid work than before. Our initiative focuses on low- and middle-income countries, where the impacts may be most damaging but where research is still lacking. The initiative focuses on three research questions: [1] What are the gendered impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic and economic crisis? [2] What are donors and policymakers doing in response to the crisis? [3] What else is needed?"
Center for Global Development
Bourgault, Shelby; Ross, Kelsey; O'Donnell, Megan
2022-01
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COVID-19: HHS and DOD Transitioned Vaccine Responsibilities to HHS, but Need to Address Outstanding Issues, Report to Congressional Addressees
From the GAO (Government Accountability Office) Highlights: "Vaccines have played a crucial role in battling the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic. The CAG [Countermeasures Acceleration Group] worked with vaccine companies to develop COVID-19 vaccines, and made available a sufficient supply for all eligible people in the nation. An April 2021 memorandum of understanding between HHS [Department of Health and Human Services] and DOD called for the transfer of remaining CAG responsibilities to HHS and for identification of lessons learned. The CARES [Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security] Act includes a provision for GAO to report on its ongoing monitoring and oversight efforts related to the COVID-19 pandemic. This report examines, among other things, the CAG's progress on (1) transitioning its responsibilities to HHS, and (2) developing a process for a joint interagency lessons learned review. GAO reviewed CAG transition and contracting documents and interviewed or received written responses from CAG officials, federal agencies, and representatives from the six vaccine companies that worked with the CAG. [...] GAO is making five recommendations related to workforce needs, scheduling best practices for vaccine-related activities; and lessons learned from key stakeholders. HHS did not concur with GAO's recommendation on workforce needs. GAO revised this recommendation based on updated information, but maintains that it continues to be valid, as discussed in the report."
United States. Government Accountability Office
2022-01
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Changes in School Composition During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Implications for School-Average Interim Test Score Use
From the Webpage Description: "School officials regularly use school-aggregate test scores to monitor school performance and make policy decisions. After the U.S. Department of Education offered assessment waivers to all 50 states in 2019-2020, many educators and policymakers advocated for assessment programs to be restarted in the 2020-2021 school year to evaluate the state of teaching and learning and to inform policies for recovery from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. However, the use of school-aggregate test scores for these purposes relies on the assumption that differences in aggregate scores can be accurately interpreted as representing real and meaningful differences in school progress and performance. There are serious concerns about the accuracy of such interpretations even under routine schooling conditions, but the pandemic may exacerbate these issues and further compromise the comparability of these test scores. In this report, RAND researchers investigate one specific issue that may contaminate utilization of COVID-19-era school-aggregate scores and result in faulty comparisons with historical and other proximal aggregate scores: changes in school composition over time. To investigate this issue, they examine data from NWEA's [Northwest Evaluation Association] Measures of Academic Progress (MAP) Growth assessments, interim assessments used by states and districts during the 2020-2021 school year."
RAND Corporation
Schweig, Jonathan David; Kuhfeld, Megan; Diliberti, Melissa . . .
2022
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Changing Workforce: Supporting Older Workers Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic and Beyond, Hearing Before the Special Committee on Aging, United States Senate, One Hundred Seventeenth Congress, First Session, April 29, 2021
This is the April 29, 2021 hearing on "Changing Workforce: Supporting Older Workers Amid the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] Pandemic and Beyond," held before the U.S. Senate Special Committee on Aging. From the opening statement of Robert P. Casey, Jr.: "This hearing we are having today comes at a very critical time, as Congress discusses how to get American workers back on their feet and to pull our economy out of the ditch. Over the last year, workers in every occupation and in every corner of the country have felt the effects of the devastating economic recession created by COVID-19. [...] Fortunately, we are beginning to see the light at the end of this very dark tunnel. The American Rescue Plan contained critical investments to defeat the virus and help families, including, just by way of example, an extension of expanded unemployment benefits and a $1,400 direct payment; funding to help ensure employers are keeping workers safe and healthy in the workplace; and, third, a historic investment in vaccine distribution. [...] I believe we must pass the President's American Jobs Plan to make investments in our Nation's infrastructure that are long overdue. The investments in the American Jobs Plan will create millions of middle-class jobs, raise wages and help workers develop the skills that will power economic growth for years to come. Older workers will benefit enormously from this investment. As older workers are looking to return to work safely, it is also more important than ever that Congress dismantle barriers, the barriers that have long made it more difficult for them to succeed in the workplace." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Elizabeth White, Elise Gould, Ramsey Alwin, and David Poston,
United States. Government Publishing Office
2022
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China and COVID-19: Alienation and Its Discontents
From the Summary: "China's responses to COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] reveal an evolving dynamic of (a) containment and control; (b) limited disclosure; and (c) escalating resistance. These stand against a background of historical grievance against the West and alienation from the international health policy community exemplified by the United States and its European allies with whom China has ongoing disputes over trade, human rights, and security. China's COVID-19 response involves reaction to conflicting WHO [World Health Organization] themes of modernization and colonialization that both invite and inhibit participation by developing countries. Proclaiming support for modernization in medical training, equipment, and services, the PRC [People's Republic of China] has also emphasized the role of Chinese Traditional Medicine, while resisting WHO calls for disclosure of raw data, lab records, and case files. China's posture will require a measure of accommodation in global efforts to contain the pandemic and prepare for future outbreaks, combined with renewed efforts to improve cooperation and transparency."
East-West Center
Potter, Pitman B.
2022-01
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Road to Recovery: Ramping Up COVID-19 Vaccines, Testing, and Medical Supply Chain, Virtual Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Health of the Committee on Energy and Commerce, House of Representatives, One Hundred Seventeenth Congress, First Session, February 3, 2021
This is the February 2, 2021 virtual hearing on "Road to Recovery: Ramping Up COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] Vaccines, Testing, and Medical Supply Chain" before the House Subcommittee on Health, Committee on Energy and Commerce. From the Opening Statement of Frank Pallone, Jr: "There is no more pressing issue to begin with than the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, our response so far, and our need to increase vaccinations, testing, and mitigation, and building a robust supply chain. This pandemic is taking a devastating toll on families and communities all around our nation. More than 440,000 Americans have died from this terrible virus, and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has projected that number will grow to more than 500,000 before the end of the month. As Americans, we mourn every loss. As Members of Congress, we must do everything we can to ensure this new Administration has all the tools and resources it needs to crush COVID-19." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Luciana Borio, Julie Morita, Michael O. Leavitt, and Greg Burel.
United States. Congress. House. Committee on Energy and Commerce
2022
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Freedom of Information Act: Selected Agencies Adapted to the COVID-19 Pandemic but Face Ongoing Challenges and Backlogs, Report to Congressional Addressees
From the Highlights: "FOIA [Freedom of Information Act], enacted into law more than 50 years ago, seeks to improve the public's access to government information and promote the principles of openness and accountability in government. The CARES [Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security] Act includes a provision for GAO [Government Accountability Office] to monitor and oversee the federal government's response to the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic. GAO also was asked to review how the pandemic affected FOIA processes and procedures. This report examines (1) how key measures of FOIA administration changed from fiscal years 2019 to 2020 and over time since fiscal year 2012; (2) how selected agencies adapted their FOIA operations during the pandemic; and (3) how selected agencies' backlog reduction plans aligned with standards for internal control and performance management practices. GAO selected five agencies based on a variety of factors including the number of FOIA requests received, processed, and backlogged. GAO reviewed documents and interviewed officials from the selected agencies and the National Archives and Records Administration."
United States. Government Accountability Office
2022-01
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Parents with Low Incomes Faced Greater Health Challenges and Problems Accessing and Affording Needed Health Care in Spring 2021
From the Document: "The COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic has added hardships and stress to the burdens parents face in meeting their families' needs. Parents with low incomes, in particular, have faced greater difficulties meeting their and their families' basic needs than other parents. In this report, we use data from the April 2021 Health Reform Monitoring Survey (HRMS) to assess health status, health insurance coverage, health care access and affordability, and worries about other basic needs in spring 2021 among nonelderly parents. We examine these outcomes among three income groups: at or below 138 percent of the federal poverty level (FPL); 139 to 399 percent of FPL; and at or above 400 percent of FPL. We find that though parents at various income levels faced health challenges and problems accessing and affording health care, parents with low incomes faced particularly steep challenges."
Urban Institute
Haley, Jennifer M.; Long, Julia; Kenney, Genevieve M.
2022-01
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Support for Mask and Vaccine Policies in Schools Falls Along Racial and Political Lines
"As the omicron variant roils school reopening plans, local educational leaders are again faced with tough decisions about COVID-19 policy. Do they open for in-person learning in the face of the omicron wave? What happens if too many teachers or students have COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] to safely open? What policies around masking should be required for schools operating in person? And should they consider vaccination or booster requirements for teachers or students? Some of these questions can be answered in part by science--evidence is overwhelming that full vaccination including a booster shot offers extremely high levels of effectiveness against the currently circulating strains, so of course we should do everything possible to encourage vaccination. The evidence on masking for children in school is more ambiguous, but government agencies recommend wearing high-quality masks to reduce transmission of the virus. But both claims ignore the persistent political divisions that govern common COVID-19 protocols. [...] Our research team analyzed data [...] to gain insight into parents' positions on various masking and vaccine policies available to educational decisionmakers. Specifically, we asked a nationally representative sample of approximately 1,500 parents of K-12 students in October 2021 (before omicron but during the long-lasting fall delta wave) the extent to which they support (1) mask mandates for all unvaccinated students and teachers, (2) mask mandates for all students and teachers, (3) vaccine mandates for all teachers, (4) vaccine mandates for students 12 and older, and (5) vaccine mandates for all students. In reporting here, we treat parents who 'support' or 'strongly support' a policy as in support and parents who 'oppose' or 'strongly oppose' a policy as not in support."
Urban Institute
Silver, Dan; Fienberg, Michael; Polikoff, Morgan
2022-01
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2022 Policy Agenda: Restore Fiscal & Public Health
From the Overview: "Almost two years after the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic plunged the United States and the world into economic and social disruption, the nation is recovering. But challenges--some from the pandemic itself, and others revealed and exacerbated by it--remain. Our nation's calling at this defining moment in our history is startlingly clear: to demonstrate that we can work together to address serious challenges and achieve common goals at home and provide leadership abroad; in short, to deepen faith that democracy functions. For 80 years, starting with our founders' seminal role in the Marshall Plan and the Bretton Woods agreement, the Committee for Economic Development, the public policy center of The Conference Board (CED), has been dedicated to solving problems through nonpartisan policy solutions from business leaders in the nation's interest. The nation will advance enduringly and sustainably only if all Americans have equal opportunity to prosper in a society that is civil and just. In this spirit, we offer these nonpartisan priorities to build a stronger, more resilient, sustainable economy providing opportunity and prosperity for all Americans."
The Conference Board, Inc.
2022
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Pandemic Response, Recovery, and Preparedness Planning for Airport Security Operations: Phase 1
From the Introduction: "A team consisting of Ross & Baruzzini, Tidal Basin, and TransSolutions conducted research on behalf of PARAS [Program for Applied Research in Airport Security] to identify lessons learned during the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic, and to provide preparedness guidance for pandemic response and recovery in airport security operations. The Research Team used principles for developing After-Action Reports and Improvement Plans (IP), including use of the Homeland Security Exercise and Evaluation Program (HSEEP), to guide the development of this document. The National Preparedness Goal was used to identify pandemic core capabilities and summarize measures used to control pathogenic exposure among passengers and employees. This document identifies lessons learned and best practices relating to exposure control, security integrity, and operational impact. It summarizes actions that were beneficial to security operations during the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as opportunities for improvement. Focus group feedback and literature review data were used to support Observations, Analysis, and Recommendations for each of the research objectives."
National Safe Skies Alliance, Inc. Program for Applied Research in Airport Security
Steinle, Michael; Zoia, Michael; Crosby, Mark . . .
2022-01
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New Threats to Human Security in the Anthropocene: Demanding Greater Solidarity
From the Overview: "It is not hard to understand how Covid-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] has made people feel more insecure. But what accounts for the startling bifurcation between improvements in wellbeing achievements and declines in people's perception of security? That is the motivating question for this Report. In addressing it, we hope to avoid returning to pathways of human development with human insecurity. In the background of the human development- human security disconnect looms the Anthropocene, the age of humans disrupting planetary processes. [...] When introduced in 1994, the human security approach refocused the security debate from territorial security to people's security. This idea, which the UN General Assembly endorsed in 2012, invited security scholars and policymakers to look beyond protecting the nation-state to protecting what we care most about in our lives: our basic needs, our physical integrity, our human dignity. It emphasized the importance of everyone's right to freedom from fear, freedom from want and freedom from indignity. It highlighted the close connection among security, development and the protection and empowerment of individuals and communities. This Report explores how the new generation of interacting threats, playing out in the Anthropocene context, affect human security and what to do about it." This document includes charts, tables, and graphs to illustrate the text.
United Nations Development Programme
Fuentes Nieva, Ricardo; Ghorai, Moumita; Hsu, Yu-Chieh . . .
2022
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Well-Being of Secondary School Principals One Year into the COVID-19 Pandemic
From the Webpage: "Effective principals are critical for improving student achievement, but they face numerous challenges in their jobs. Research suggests that the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has likely exacerbated the job-related stress that principals experience. Thus, there is an urgent need to understand the job-related stressors that principals face. Understanding principals' views on this topic at a national level can help policymakers and education leaders identify ways to support principal wellness; reduce job-related stress; and improve job satisfaction, performance, and retention. In this Data Note, the authors use nationally representative data from the 2021 Learn Together Surveys (LTS) to examine the state of secondary principals' well-being and job-related stressors one year into the COVID-19 pandemic. Twice as many principals as employed U.S. adults experienced frequent job-related stress during this time. Drawing on LTS responses from 1,686 secondary principals, the authors explore how the frequency of job-related stress varies across different principal characteristics, such as experience, race/ethnicity, and gender, and school contexts, such as student populations served, school size, and locale (city, suburban, and town/rural). The authors also examine how principals' job-related stressors are associated with their schools' mode of instruction. They recommend strategies to encourage state and local policymakers to consider principals' well-being and take steps to mitigate job-related stressors now and in the long term."
RAND Corporation
Woo, Ashley; Steiner, Elizabeth D.
2022
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District Leaders' Concerns About Mental Health and Political Polarization in Schools: Selected Findings from the Fourth American School District Panel Survey
From the Webpage: "Policymakers had hoped that the 2021-2022 school year would be a chance to recover from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic-related disruptions to schooling. Instead, media reports of staff shortages, heated or even violent school board meetings, increased student misbehavior, low student and teacher attendance, and enrollment declines suggest increased -- rather than decreased -- problems during this third pandemic school year. To learn about the prevalence of these challenges nationwide, RAND researchers surveyed 359 district and charter network leaders in the American School District Panel between October 25, 2021, and December 10, 2021. Survey results suggest that districts are confronting serious challenges in the 2021-2022 school year that might be getting in the way of student learning. Although some challenges, such as student and staff mental health, are nearly universal across districts, other challenges are more localized. Historically marginalized districts are confronting extra challenges this school year, such as getting students back in school and low teacher attendance, while a higher percentage of historically advantaged districts are encountering political polarization about COVID-19."
RAND Corporation
Diliberti, Melissa; Schwartz, Heather L.
2022
