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Presidential Decision Directive: Alien Smuggling
From the Document: "The recent increase in Asian criminal syndicate smuggling of Chinese nationals illegally into the U.S. by air, sea and across land borders is a matter of serious concern. At least until completion of the tasks set forth below, I direct that criminal-syndicate alien smuggling be dealt with[.]"
United States. White House Office; National Security Council (U.S.)
1993-06-18
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Executive Order 12851: Administration of Proliferation Sanctions, Middle East Arms Control, and Related Congressional Reporting Responsibilities
Executive Order 12851 aims to administer proliferation sanctions for Middle East arms control purposes. Congressional reporting responsibilities are also discussed.
United States. Office of the Federal Register
Clinton, Bill, 1946-
1993-06-11
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Theater Ballistic Missile Defense Policy, Missions and Programs: Current Status [June 10,1993]
"Theater missile defenses (TMD) increasingly are an important national security priority. But interest in TMD is not a recent development. Throughout the 1980s, Congress urged the executive branch to pursue a vigorous program to counter the threat of Soviet short range missiles in Europe. The result was mixed, and generally not to the satisfaction of Congress. The end of the Cold War and the rise of new challenges brought new emphasis to U.S. TMD efforts. This new effort is focused on addressing the threat arising from the global proliferation of missiles and weapons of mass destruction. The military services have identified several TMD requirements: active defenses, passive defenses, counterforce operations, and command control communications and intelligence. These requirements form the four main elements of the TMD program. The Ballistic Missile Defense Organization (BMDO), formerly the Strategic Defense Initiative Organization (SDIO), is in charge of the entire TMD effort. The military services and other defense agencies largely fill a supporting role. Most of the current TMD program is focused on developing active defense systems. Each of the four military services is pursuing interceptor programs designed for deployment in the near and far term. The immediate objective is to acquire some limited capabilities for addressing potential missile threats over the next several years. Additional, advanced TMD capabilities will be acquired later in this decade and beyond. Unexpected dramatic increases in the TMD budget and the surfeit of TMD programs suggest a critical review. Such a review might lead to significant budget savings."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Hildreth, Steven A.
1993-06-10
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Public Law 103-36: Central Intelligence Agency Voluntary Separation Pay Act
An Act to authorize the establishment of a program under which employees of the Central Intelligence Agency may be offered separation pay to separate from service voluntarily to avoid or minimize the need for involuntary separations due to downsizing, reorganization, transfer of function, or other similar action, and for other purposes.
United States. Government Printing Office
1993-06-08
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Backflow Protection for Residential Sprinkler Systems
"This report addresses risk vs benefit issues associated with the installation of residential fire sprinkler systems. A primary objective of this assessment is to rate the risk of potable water contamination from a residential sprinkler system, and consequently to evaluate the need for installing backflow prevention devices."
United States Fire Administration
Hart, Frederick L.; Till, Robert; Nardini, Christine . . .
1993-06
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Study of Computer Security Policies for the Indonesian Navy
From the thesis abstract: "The Indonesian Navy recognized the need for a computer security program over ten years ago. They published their first computer security regulation in 1981. But that regulation is now obsolete because of the advances in technology and the increased availability of powerful computer systems. As computer systems become bigger, more complicated, easier to use, more interconnected, and more important, they become more vulnerable to hackers, terrorist, and disgruntled employees. This thesis demonstrates the need for an updated computer security regulation. To add in meeting that need, the thesis proposes a security program for the Indonesian Navy that is based on the multilevel trusted computer criteria published by the NCSC [National Computer Security Center] in the 'Orange Book', the Canadian Trusted Product Evaluation Criteria and ITSEC [Information Technology Security Evaluation Criteria]. The proposed program includes additional regulations concerning physical security, data security, integrity and availability, and recommended trusted evaluation guide."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)
Herusutopo, Antonius
1993-06
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Islamic Terror and the West: A Question of Priorities
"President Mubarak of Egypt and Prime Minister Rabin of Israel have urged President Clinton to join with them in a 'war on Islamic terror.' Both men insist that Iran is fomenting a plot against the West; and that the World Trade Center bombing is an example of terrorist activities that are part of this plot. The author examines these claims and argues that they are not credible, that all of the evidence they cite is circumstantial, and that much of it is contradictory. He concludes that the conspiracy does not exist. He suggests that both men are confronting dangerous security situations at home, and are having difficulty coping with these situations. They hope to enlist the aid of the United States to maintain themselves in power. The author suggests that this call to mount a war on so-called Islamic terrorism is potentially damaging to U. S. security in the Middle East. Specifically, it could complicate the ability of the American military to guard vital U.S. interests in this part of the world."
Army War College (U.S.). Strategic Studies Institute
Pelletiere, Stephen C.
1993-06-01
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Joint Force Quarterly: Summer 1993, Issue 1, [June 1993]
"NDU Press produces Joint Force Quarterly in concert with ongoing education and research at National Defense University in support of the Secretary of Defense and the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. JFQ is the Chairman's joint military and security studies journal designed to inform and educate national security professionals on joint and integrated operations; whole of government contributions to national security policy and strategy; homeland security; and developments in training and joint military education to better equip America's military and security apparatus to meet tomorrow's challenges while protecting freedom today."
National Defense University. Institute for National Strategic Studies
1993-06
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[Public Affairs Guidance U.S. Action Against Iraq]
This document contains President Bill Clinton's statement concerning the June 1993 U.S. Military strikes against Iraqi Intelligence headquarters in Iraq as a response to the attempted assassination of President George H. W. Bush, and contains approved details of the operation to be released by Public Affairs officers. This document was released through the Office of the Secretary of Defense and Joint Staff Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) Requester Service Center.
Office of the Secretary of Defense and Joint Staff: Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) Requester Service Center
1993-06
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Significant Incidents of Political Violence against Americans 1992
Significant Incidents of Political Violence Against Americans: 1992, published by the Bureau of Diplomatic Security's Office of Intelligence and Threat Analysis (DS/DSS/ITA), is intended to provide a comprehensive picture of the range of political violence that American citizens and interests have encountered abroad during 1992. In addition to examining terrorism-related acts, this study also includes other instances of violence affecting Americans. This chronology is designed to encompass major anti-U.S. incidents that occurred in 1992. Unfortunately, to keep the publication at the unclassified level, some incidents had to be omitted due to the sensitive nature of the information associated with them. The selection of incidents used in this study was based upon the following criteria: (a) lethality; (b) major property damage; (c) unusual tactics or weapons used; and (d) perceptibility of targets as U.S. or representative of U.S.interests.
United States. Department of State. Bureau of Diplomatic Security
1993-06
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Disaster Assistance: DoD's Support for Hurricanes Andrew and Iniki and Typhoon Omar, Report to the Chairman, Subcommittee on Readiness, Committee on Armed Services, House of Representatives
"This report responds to a request to determine the effect of providing humanitarian services in Hurricanes Andrew and Iniki and Typhoon Omar had on the active military and National Guard forces involved. More specifically, the report: identifies the roles and missions of the active military and National Guard forces that provided the assistance; determines whether there were problems affecting their delivery of assistance; determines whether their participation affected the units readiness and training; determines whether the military needs to reorient its roles, training, equipment, and doctrine for this type of operation; and identifies the costs and sources of funding associated with the military's participation in disaster assistance operations."
United States. General Accounting Office
1993-06
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Establishing Construct Validity for Integrity Tests
"This dissertation presents extensive evidence related to convergent and discriminant validity of integrity tests in general. The results from both the primary data analyses, and the meta-analyses display significant convergent validity for all integrity tests. The presence of a general factor across integrity tests is confirmed. Of the Big Five dimensions of personality, conscientiousness was found to have the most overlap with integrity tests. However, a more accurate identification of counterproductive individuals is possible by considering scores on agreeableness and emotional stability. It appears that the higher predictive validity of integrity tests arise from the fact that they tap constructs broader than just narrow and construct limited conscientiousness as measured by mainstream personality inventories. With integrity tests, the increased breadth of predictor construct coverage translates itself into better prediction in personnel selection."
Defense Personnel Security Research Center (U.S.)
Ones, Deniz S.
1993-06
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Who Goes There: Friend or Foe?
Combat is confusing, complex, and deadly. Friendly fire casualties can probably never be eliminated, but several measures can reduce them. Application of new and existing technology can make identification of friendly forces on the battlefield more reliable; improved communication can reduce confusion on the battlefield; and better training can help military personnel make crucial, rapid decisions under the extreme stress of combat. Congress faces several decisions related to reducing friendly fire. These include: the choice of best technical approaches to pursue; the allocation of resources between systems that are devoted exclusively to reducing friendly fire and other systems-for example, better navigation and communication devices--that may reduce friendly fire in indirect and less visible ways; the best mix of near-term deployments and longer term research and development; and the need for cooperation and coordination among the military Services and with allies.
United States. Government Printing Office
United States. Congress. Office of Technology Assessment
1993-06
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Combatting Terrorism: Literature on Future Trends in Terrorism
An annotated bibliography of 344 entries prepared in support of decision makers who need quick access to literature in the field of combatting terrorism. Annotations of books, articles, doctoral dissertations, and government and congressional publications, foreign and domestic, published between 1989 and mid-1993 are included. Also included is a keyword index and an alphabetical list of the titles of publications cited in the bibliography.
Library of Congress. Federal Research Division
Sinai, Joshua; Miro, Ramon
1993-06
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Non-nuclear and Nuclear Munitions
This directive outlines the role of the United States Air Force in the handling of nuclear and non-nuclear munitions, including maintenance, storage, and readiness for deployment of these weapons. This directive implements Department of Defense Directives 4540.5 (Movement of Nuclear Weapons by Noncombat Delivery Vehicles and JP 1.04 (Joint Policy and Procedures Governing Positive Control of Materials and Devices. Additional attachments and graphs are also included in this directive.
United States. Department of the Air Force
1993-06
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Presidential Decision Directive: Environmental Policy on Biodiversity and Global Climate Change
From the Document: "This Presidential Decision Directive directs the implementation of United States policy on Biodiversity and Global Climate Change. These policies reflect our response to the concerns stated at the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development in Rio de Janeiro last summer, and establish a positive leadership role for the United States on both the future of the world's biodiversity and on necessary strategies to address global warming."
United States. White House Office; National Security Council (U.S.)
1993-05-27
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Space Countersurveillance: A Requisite for Theater Defense Planning
"The first 'space war' has been successfully fought hundreds of miles above the sands of the Middle East, and U.S. 'space warriors' are now contemplating future conflicts and how space can better contribute to operational success on the battlefield. However, the lessons of U.S. space dominance during Desert Storm also received much attention from other nations -- many of which U.S. forces may someday face in a future skirmish. These nations have learned the value of space assets and are busily seeking to acquire a space surveillance capability of their own. The U.S. national military strategy calls for its forces to exercise 'space control' and deny potential enemies use of the space medium when necessary -- but does the U.S. possess the weapons and plans to successfully accomplish this task? This paper examines both U.S. and enemy capabilities in the space warfare realm. Further, it suggests that the U.S. can better organize its space warfare personnel under a 'Space Component Commander' concept to successfully accomplish the space countersurveillance mission at the theater level of operational warfare."
Naval War College (U.S.)
Meyer, Donald A.
1993-05-17
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Elevating the Shield of Blows: Theater Missile Defense for the Twenty-First Century
"This monograph examines whether the operational air defense force for theater ballistic missile defense will be capable of conducting operations on future battlefields. To explore relevant issues in this area, historical examples from World War I, World War II, and Operation Desert Storm are cited as lessons learned. An examination of the Operational Air Defense Battlefield Operating Systems as specified in TRADOC [Training and Doctrine Command] Pamphlet 11-9 serves as a baseline for comparison between currently fielded air defense organizations and materiel against their ability to accomplish the mission assigned them. The study determines that American maneuver forces are vulnerable to engagement from ballistic missiles. Current theater air defense systems and organizations are severely limited in their ability to engage ballistic missiles at their maximum effective ranges without endangering the lives of American soldiers and our allies. Organization and materiel solutions to the problem are required. The study concludes that the Army must continue to develop and field a complementary system of theater air defense weapon systems that can destroy the full spectrum of theater ballistic missiles. The Department of Defense should create a separate theater missile defense organization from existing forces to control antimissile forces in wartime. During peacetime this organization should prepare theater missile defense doctrine and serve as the combat developer for all operational antimissile materiel systems. We must continue to advance our technological edge to negate a hostile nation's ability to employ weapons of mass destruction against the United States and her allies. We must adapt our organizations in conjunction with our technology to guarantee our ability to defeat the expected aerial threat."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College. School of Advanced Military Studies
McGhee, Cornell T.
1993-05-15
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Irregular Warfare in the Conventional Theater: An Operational Perspective
From the thesis abstract: "The purpose of this monograph is to determine a conceptual framework for the analysis of the problems involved of integrating irregular and conventional forces into the same theater of operations. The problem is considered from the perspective of the operational planner or commander who seeks to use irregular forces as an economy of force measure in conjunction with a conventional force. The elements of irregular warfare in the conventional theater are derived through the examination of the irregular fighter and irregular units to determine their unique attributes. These attributes are then used to determine the cases where an irregular force can be applied in a conventional theater as an economy of force asset. The elements of irregular warfare in the conventional theater are then used to describe a classic irregular-conventional campaign, the British and Arab effort in Palestine and the Hejaz Desert during World War I. This campaign provides a historical basis for the examination of the problem of integrating irregular and conventional forces, and is used as a medium to consider the elements of operational design and the operational planning process."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College. School of Advanced Military Studies
McNulty, James W.
1993-05-14
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Mass: Evolving Tool of the U.S. Operational Artist
This monograph discusses the change in the use of mass by U.S. operational artists. As GEN Donn Starry observed, use of military force is based on certain operational concepts. If this in true and the traditional US concept of mass is in limited by domestic fiscal and global threat requirements, then one would expect a change in the US use of military force. By discussing the operational-level employment of mass in the US Civil War, WWII European Theater, and Operation Desert Storm, it is shown that US operational artists will probably strive to create the same effects of past mass use, despite a decrease in the means of mass. Maneuver, asymmetric attack, and combined operations are but three methods for achieving similar large-mass effects, required by the US operational-level warfighting style. This monograph is divided into two sections. The first section discusses the 'physics' of mass and related equations. It also includes the 'theory' of mass developed from Napoleonic warfare by Clausewitz and Jomini. The last part explains how Grant's 1864 Campaign set the stage for a unique US concept of mass, much different from its Napoleonic counterpart. The second section uses three test criteria to explore further changes in the use of mass. Two campaigns are used - WWII European Theater and Operation DESERT STORM.
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College
LeGare, J. Marc
1993-05-14
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Military Support to Domestic Disaster Relief Doctrine for Operating in the Wake of the Enemy?
From the thesis abstract: "This monograph examines the applicability of Joint contingency operations doctrine and emerging Army operations doctrine to planning and executing domestic disaster relief operations. Key linkages between considerations for Joint contingency operations and Army principles for operations other than war are used as the paradigm for examining a contemporary case study of military support to domestic disaster relief operations. The case study is the 1992 Joint Task Force Andrew support to Federal response and relief efforts in southern Florida in the aftermath of Hurricane Andrew. This monograph begins by discussing the legal and regulatory framework which creates the unique context for Federal military involvement in these types of operations. The Federal Emergency Management Agency's Federal Response Plan delineates the Federal and other agency primary and supporting responsibility for the twelve Emergency Support Functions (ESFS) associated with response and relief efforts following a Presidentially declared disaster. FEMA maintains responsibility for coordinating and ensuring execution of the overall Federal response and relief effort. The supporting role of the Federal military is highlighted. […] This monograph concludes that Joint contingency operations and Army operations doctrine provides the descriptive basis for planning and conducting domestic disaster relief operations. The presumed 'doctrinal void' is in the area of 'Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures' rather than doctrine."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College. School of Advanced Military Studies
Smart, A.G.
1993-05-14
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Telecommunications Electric Service Priority and National Energy Strategy Review: Overview and Executive Report
"In October 1991, the National Security Telecommunications Advisory Committee (NSTAC) charged the Energy Task Force to assist Office of the Manager, National Communications System (OMNCS) efforts with energy initiatives in coordination with the Department of Energy (DOE) and the National Communications System (NCS). Specifically, the task force was charged to develop criteria for identifying critical industry national security and emergency preparedness (NSIEP) telecommunication facilities that qualify for electric service priority restoration and priority fuel distribution and to develop a process for applying the criteria to identify critical industry NSIEP telecommunication facilities. This review is included as Volume I of the report. In December 1991, the Industry Executive Subcommittee (IES) modified the original task force charge to include an additional tasking. Specifically, the task force was charged to review the President's National Energy Strategy (NES) from the perspective of benefits to NSIEP telecommunication enhancements and to develop NSIEP telecommunication energy concerns/issues for incorporation into DOE's next issue/update of the NES. This review is included as Volume I1 of the report."
National Communications System (U.S.)
1993-05-10
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Operating Policies and Procedures Memorandum 93-1: Immigration Judge Decisions and Immigration Judge Orders
"The objective of this OPPM [Operating Policies and Procedures Memorandum] is to establish and/or continue EOIR [Executive Office for Immigration Review] policies and procedures relating to Immigration Judge decisions that will, to the maximum extent possible, provide uniformity and consistency in Immigration Judge proceedings."
United States. Department of Justice. Executive Office for Immigration Review
1993-05-06
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Shoreline Countermeasures Manual: Tropical Coastal Environments
"Shoreline countermeasures following an oil spill are a critical element in determining the ultimate environmental impact and cost resulting from a spill. As with most aspects of spill response, careful planning can significantly increase the effectiveness of treatment operations. Local response organizations need to develop mechanisms for identifying shorelines requiring treatment, establishing treatment priorities, monitoring the effectiveness and impacts of treatment, and for identifying and resolving problems as the treatment progresses. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) developed this manual as a tool for shoreline countermeasure planning and response by Regional Response Teams, Area Planning Committees, and State and local response agencies. This manual has been written specifically for tropical environments, to support oil spill planning and response activities in both the Caribbean Sea and the Pacific Ocean regions. Similar manuals have been prepared for temperate regions, and a freshwater manual is under preparation."
United States. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
1993-05
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Health Hazard Evaluation Report 92-0160-2360; City of Lancaster, Division of Fire Lancaster, Ohio
"On May 6, June 25-27, 1992, and February 9, 1993, investigators from the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) conducted a health hazard evaluation (HHE) at engine houses 1, 2, and 3 of the Division of Fire in Lancaster, Ohio. This HHE was performed in response to a joint request from the Division of Fire and the International Association of Firefighters Local 291 to evaluate exposure to diesel exhaust emissions in the engine houses."
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.); National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
Echt, Alan; Blade, Leo; Sheehy, John W.
1993-05
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Health Hazard Evaluation Report 93-0040-2315; Anchorage Fire Department Anchorage, Alaska
"The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) conducted a Health Hazard Evaluation (HHE) in response to a request from the Fire Chief of the Anchorage Fire Department. The HHE request was received after four fire fighters reported experiencing either skin irritation or eye irritation as a result of qualitative fit tests using irritant smoke. Each of 186 fire fighters from the Anchorage Fire Department were fit tested in 1992, while wearing a self- contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) (with nose cup) operated in the pressure-demand mode. The fit testing method used by Anchorage involved puffing irritant smoke from air flow indicator tubes into a test hood which encompassed the fire fighter's head and the SCBA's facepiece."
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.); National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
Lenhart, Steven W.; Burroughs, G.E.
1993-05
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Health Evaluation Report 91-161-2225; Denver Police Department Denver, Colorado
"In March 1991, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) received a request from the Denver Police Department for a health hazard firing range during the firing of .45 caliber pistols. Police officers are required to qualify every 3 months with their service side-arm. The weapons most commonly carried are .38 caliber revolvers, .45 caliber pistols, and 9 mm pistols. The range was closed from 1985-1987 because of excessive lead exposure."
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.); National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
Lee, Steven A.; McCammon, Charles S.
1993-05
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Air Occupation: A Viable Concept for Campaign Planning?
"This monograph investigates how the Air Force concept of air occupation applies to operational campaign planning. The post Cold War era and a New World Order poses new challenges for operational planners. They must meet the changing geopolitical environment with new doctrines and concepts that apply military means in a mono polar world with reduced force structures. Air occupation is a new concept designed for the post Cold War era. The first section puts air occupation in perspective by expanding on Clausewitz's paradigm of limited war. Then air occupation is defined and explored. Air occupation is a new Air Force concept for joint operations. It is the asymmetrical application of joint aerospace technology to exploit the advantages of operating in the air dimension. Technologically intensive, air occupation uses joint airpower asymmetrically to achieve a relative position of advantage over a designated region. Established in space and time, this asymmetry generates a position of advantage to achieve operational and strategic effects. [...] This monograph concludes that air occupation is a viable operational concept for campaign planning in a limited war context. It is currently being used in Iraq and having a relative degree of operational and strategic effects."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College. School of Advanced Military Studies
Livsey, Timothy D.
1993-05
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Defensive Campaigns: Are They Still the Stronger Form of War?
"On a theoretical level, defensive campaigns are the stronger form of war. As Clausewitz said, 'All things being equal defense is the stronger form.' However on the practical side defensive campaigns can only remain the stronger form of war if they are conducted properly according to theory and doctrine, and if campaign planners understand the concept of asymmetry. This monograph will review theory and doctrine on defense and defensive campaigns according to Clausewitz's thoughts in on 'On War'. This will be followed by an analysis of two campaigns and finish with a conclusion based on analyses of the two campaigns. Using criteria derived from Clausewitz's 'On War', an examination of two historical cases, the Russo-Polish War in 1920 and Desert Storm in 1991 will show how the advantages of defense are still valid. However, the successful commander and staff must understand that using Clausewitz's criteria is not enough in the present. The asymmetry of armed forces must be considered, so the campaign planners can make the most of advantages such as technology and negate disadvantages. This monograph concludes that in the early twentieth-century when all things were equal defensive campaigns were the stronger form of war. However, today this may not be true due to the asymmetry of armies. To plan successful defensive campaigns, planners must use Clausewitz's criteria as a guide and understand the concept of asymmetry."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College. School of Advanced Military Studies
Brown, Armor D.
1993-05
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Defense Conversion: Redirecting R&D
Defense conversion means finding productive civilian uses for the resources and people formerly devoted to the Nation's defense. Channeling the savings from reduced defense R&D to civilian R&D is, of course, only one option for using the peace dividend. There are many others, including deficit reduction, This Report examines opportunities to advance civilian technologies and improve U.S. industrial competitiveness internationally by redirecting research and development from defense to dual-use or civilian purposes. The Report has two parts. Part One analyzes how R&D institutions currently pursuing defense missions could be more responsive and useful to civilian technology development. Part Two of the Report examines how proposals for new national missions might replace defense in contributing to the country's repository of technology, high-value-added jobs, and gross domestic product.
United States. Government Printing Office
United States. Congress. Office of Technology Assessment
1993-05
