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U.S. Logistics Vulnerability: Major Regional Conflict with Iran
From the thesis abstract: "The United States has chosen to emphasize a power projection role for its military. This capability proved itself during Operation Desert Storm. However, Desert Storm also pointed out a significant weakness. To stop the U.S. military, an enemy need only interrupt the logistics chain. How well does the U.S. guard its logistic ability? This paper addresses the possibility that a dedicated, marginally capable opponent could do significant damage to the U.S. logistics system. This in turn could cause the U.S. to abandon or change national priorities."
Naval War College (U.S.). Joint Military Operations Department
Scala, Peter A.
1994-05-16
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Army National Guard Air Defense Artillery Modernization: A Vision for the Future
"Proposed force reductions and the evolution of a new National Military Strategy (NMS) mandate an even more vital role for the Reserve Components in this nation's defense. Studies have proven that one branch where the Reserve Components can make a valuable contribution is Air Defense Artillery. All Reserve Component Air Defense Artillery forces are currently organic to the Army National Guard. To remain a viable part of the total force, these organizations must be assigned realistic missions and manned, trained, equipped, and resourced commensurate with mission requirements. In view of the evolving threat and proposed force structure reductions, this study provides a concept for modernizing Army National Guard Air Defense Artillery organizations to enable them to effectively perform their critical wartime force protection role. Although designed primarily to focus on resourcing warfighting requirements, Air Defense Artillery modernization provides the added benefit of enhancing National Guard capabilities in the counter-drug and operations other than war arenas. Approval of this proposal would enable Army National Guard Air Defense to remain an integral, cost-effective, and viable part of the total force into the 21st century."
Army War College (U.S.)
Gonzales, Michael R.
1994-05-14
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Department of State Action Memorandum: Use of Weapons Against Civil Aircraft
This document presents three policy options for the Secretary's consideration supported by different bureaus within the department. The Office of the Legal Adviser (L) and the Bureau of Economic and Business Affairs (EB) support the Defense Department's decision to suspend "real-time" intelligence sharing, while the Bureau of International Narcotics Matters (INM) and Inter-American Affairs (ARA) oppose the decision. ARA and INM argue that Peru's "more aggressive policy" is working and that "the very threat [that they might be shot down] has had a positive effect in compelling traffickers to land as directed." L and EB counter that the U.S. has been strong in its support for the international prohibition on the use of force against civil aircraft and specifically that, "The prohibition applies whether or not the aircraft in question is suspected of engaging in criminal activity." They warn against making exceptions to this rule arguing that "mistakes are likely to occur under any policy that contemplates the use of weapons against civil aircraft in flight, even as a last resort." The L and EB argument also assets that, "A shoot-down leading to the death of innocent persons would likely be a serious diplomatic embarrassment for the United States, subject the USG to intense criticism before the International Civil Aviation Organization, and undermine our efforts in the Iran Air proceeding at the World Court."
United States. Department of State
1994-05-10
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Eligibility of Involuntary Wartime Relocatees to Japan for Redress Under the Civil Liberties Act of 1988: Memorandum for Deval Patrick, Assistant Attorney General, Civil Rights Division [May 10, 1994]
"This memorandum is in response to your request for this Office's review of the proposed change in eligibility determinations under the Civil Liberties Act of 1988, Pub. L. No. 100-383, 102 Stat. 903 (codified at 50 app. U.S.C. § 1989 (1988)) ('the Act'). The proposed change would extend redress under the Act to minors who accompanied their parents to Japan during World War II and to adults who are able to show that their relocation to Japan during that period was involuntary. We conclude that the proposed change is a reasonable and permissible interpretation of the statute. We also have analyzed the implications of this change as to the deference the Department can expect from a reviewing court in the event of a challenge. An agency interpretation that has been modified or reversed is likely to receive less deference than a consistent and contemporaneous interpretation, but the fact of modification does not preclude a court from granting deference to the new interpretation."
United States. Department of Justice. Office of Legal Counsel
1994-05-10
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U.S. Embassy Lima: Suspension of Provision of DOD Real-time Radar Track Data to Peru
On April 28, 1994, the U.S. embassy requested that Peru provide a guarantee that weapons would not be used against "civil aircraft in flight." In response, the Peruvian minister of defense delivered a letter, the text of which is transmitted in this cable, to the embassy. Turning the tables, the minister "suggests" the suspension of all U.S. intelligence flights over Peruvian airspace as well as operations at the U.S.-operated radar site at Yurimaguas, "while the North American government takes a definitive decision" with respect to the sharing of real-time tracking data. The minister also quotes from the Chicago Convention on civil aviation, noting that "every state has full and exclusive sovereignty in the airspace situated over its territory."
United States. Embassy (Peru)
1994-05-09
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Crisis and Opportunity of Information War
"This monograph focuses on the possibility of defeating any and all enemies with an information-intensive force. Clearly, no one currently possesses this capability. However, in the intermediate and long-term, such a force may be within the reach of any post-industrial nation. This monograph explores why this is so, and identifies the major technological 'benchmarks' that must be achieved in order to enable a purely third wave force. Starting with the agrarian notion of the center of gravity, and continuing to the concepts of industrial systems, this monograph will briefly analyze the theories of each of the two preceding 'waves' to determine potential loci of decision. The monograph describes how information systems are starting to form around discrete technological benchmarks that, when eventually integrated, will form a 'knowledge engine' powerful enough to enable commanders to locate and attack the systemic weak point(s) of any enemy."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College. School of Advanced Military Studies
Smith, Kevin B.
1994-05-06
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Blainey and the Bottom-Up Review: Increased Potential for Miscalculation and War in the 21st Century
"On 1 September, 1993, Secretary of Defense Les Aspin and Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, General Colin Powell announced the results of the Clinton Administration's Bottom-up Review (BUR), to determine America's future defense needs. This analysis of the BUR identifies discrepancies with the methodology and underlying assumptions of the BUR. These flaws, in turn, resulted in serious deficiencies in the results of this important work. The BUR's point of departure for an examination of future defense needs was the 1991 demise of the Soviet Union. Rather than develop a comprehensive picture of the nature of war and peace in the 21st Century as a basis for force planning, the BUR assumes limited wars of the DESERT STORM variety are the model for future conflict."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College. School of Advanced Military Studies
Nicholson, John W., Jr.
1994-05-06
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16th Department of Energy Computer Security Group Training Conference
This report focuses on the proceedings held for the Computer Security Group Training Conference held on May 3-5, 1994 in Denver Colorado. Topics include: "Steve Jackson Games, Communications, Privacy, and Auditing; General IV&V Operations; Binary Authentification Signatures Integrity Standard: System File Integrity for the Masses; Security Evaluation of Smartcard Systems, and more."
United States. Department of Energy
1994-05-05
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Theater Missile Defense: Indigenous Programs and Interest Among U.S. Friends and Allies [May 5, 1994]
The threat posed by weapons of mass destruction and their means of delivery, especially missiles, is a growing international concern. Most nations seek to deal with this threat through a combination of arms control and military measures. Only a few allies and friends of the United States, however, appear apprehensive and are considering or seeking to acquire advanced theater missile defense (TMD) capabilities to deal with these threats. Some nations are satisfied with the limited TMD capability they have in the Patriot antitactical missile system, which is designed to defend small areas. Some nations in Europe, such as France and Germany, are beginning to think about acquiring TMD to defend troops they may have deployed overseas in peacekeeping roles, for example. Likewise, nations such as Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan are considering TMD development and procurement in response to perceived regional threats. But only in the case of Israel does a U.S. friend or ally appear committed to acquiring additional TMD capabilities. TMD efforts among U.S. allies and friends are revealing. Most countries who have acquired Patriot antitactical missile systems have negotiated offset agreements that ensure there is not an excessive flow of resources or money out of their country. A number of countries have also received contracts from the United States to conduct TMD research and development, investing relatively little of their own resources. There is little other TMD cooperation among U.S. allies and friends, and the only indigenous TMD programs in other countries remain simply options as they upgrade their alr- defense capabilities.
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Hildreth, Steven A.
1994-05-05
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US Embassy Lima: Your Proposed Visit to Peru
Three days after the Department of Defense announced the suspension of aerial tracking assistance, the U.S. ambassador in Peru sent this message to Pentagon officials requesting that they postpone a planned visit to Peru pending the outcome of the issue. The postponement of the visit, which had been intended to persuade Peru to preserve a counterdrug helicopter unit owned by the State Department, illustrates the extent to which the impasse disrupted U.S. counternarcotics programs in the Andes and reveals the level of frustration felt by U.S. officials in the two countries. "Our inability to define a reliable USG [U.S. government] policy," the ambassador asserts, "leaves us unable to authoritatively resolve the current uncertainty about this aspect of DOD counternarcotics cooperation."
United States. Embassy (Peru)
1994-05-04
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Talking Point: Implication of DoD's Forcedown Decision
State Department frustrations about the Department of Defense decision to suspend the sharing of real-time intelligence are evident in this talking points memorandum, prepared by the Bureau of International Narcotics Matters for a briefing with the Secretary of State. According to the document, the suspension "has undercut our counter-narcotics efforts and damaged our credibility in the hemisphere." The U.S. embassies "were caught completely off-guard" by the decision, and, "Several of our fundamental foreign policy and narcotics control interests are now at risk." U.S. ambassadors in both countries are concerned that the decision will poison other U.S. policy issues and send the wrong signal to narcotics traffickers who are now likely to expand their operations.
United States. Department of State
1994-05-04
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Presidential Decision Directive 24: U.S. Counterintelligence Effectiveness [Fact Sheet]
"The President has directed the creation of a new national counterintelligence policy structure under the auspices of the National Security Council. In addition, he has directed the creation of a new National Counterintelligence Center, initially to be led by a senior executive of the Federal Bureau of Investigation. Finally, the President's Decision Directive requires that exchange of senior managers between the CIA and the FBI to ensure timely and close coordination between the intelligence and law enforcement communities. The President's decision to take these significant steps of restructuring U.S. counterintelligence policy and interagency coordination, followed a Presidential Review of U.S. counterintelligence in the wake of the Aldrich Ames espionage investigation. The President, in issuing this Directive, has taken immediate steps to improve our ability to counter both traditional and new threats to our nation's security in the post- Cold War era."
United States. White House Office
1994-05-03
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Presidential Decision Directive: U.S. Counterintelligence Effectiveness
"Many threats to the national security of the United States have been significantly reduced by the break-up of the Soviet Union at the end of the Cold War. Core U.S. concepts -- democracy and market economics -- are more broadly accepted around the world than ever before. Nevertheless, recent events at home and abroad make clear that numerous threats to our national interests -- terrorism, proliferating weapons of mass destruction, ethnic conflicts, sluggish economic growth -- continue to exist and must be effectively addressed. In this context, it is critical that the U.S. maintain a highly effective and coordinated counterintelligence capability."
United States. White House Office; National Security Council (U.S.)
1994-05-03
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Annual Admiral Charles M. Cooke Conference (5th) for Naval Strategists and Planners Held at Newport, Rhode Island on 15-17 March 1994
This memorandum summarizes the presentations and discussions provided at the Cooke Conference. The theme of the conference was Naval Expeditionary Warfare.
Naval War College (U.S.)
McGruther, Kenneth
1994-05-02
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Export Controls and Nonproliferation Policy
"The United States, in cooperation with other nations, controls the export of goods, technology, and software that have civilian applications but could also be used to make weapons of mass destruction or missiles to deliver them. Requiring licenses for the export of such dual-use items will continue to be one useful tool in U.S. nonproliferation policy. Although unlikely to stop a determined proliferant in the long run, export controls increase the cost and the difficulty of producing these weapons, and they may buy important time during which policymakers may bring other nonproliferation tools to bear. According to the OTA report Export Controls and Nonproliferation Policy, the difficult task for both Congress and the executive branch is to design an export control system that serves U.S. security interests but also takes due account of economic interests and fairness to regulated exporters. The task is made more difficult by the problems inherent in trying to estimate both the benefits and the costs of export controls."
United States. Congress. Office of Technology Assessment
1994-05-01
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Wavell's Campaigns in the Middle East: An Analysis of Operational Art and the Implications for Today
"Today the United States confronts an uncertain world. The strategic environment has changed. It no longer has one main enemy and a military force to confront that foe. Instead, the United States must be prepared to deal with a multiple of possible threats as its military continues to downsize. This new regional orientation and world situation requires that the US Military be ready to fight simultaneous major regional contingencies to achieve the victories that the American people expect. Therefore, this study examines Field Marshall Wavell's campaigns in the Middle East in WW II to provide a historical case study of a similar situation. There he had to simultaneously conduct a large number of campaigns and operations over four theaters of operations against different enemies under difficult conditions to achieve strategic objectives. It compares this case study with the current strategic military requirements facing the US and current US Military doctrine to determine if the US is prepared to deal with multiple simultaneous regional contingencies."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College. School of Advanced Military Studies
Snead, III, Lawrence R.
1994-05-01
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Joint Force Quarterly: Spring 1994, Issue 4 [May 1994]
"NDU Press produces Joint Force Quarterly in concert with ongoing education and research at National Defense University in support of the Secretary of Defense and the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. JFQ is the Chairman's joint military and security studies journal designed to inform and educate national security professionals on joint and integrated operations; whole of government contributions to national security policy and strategy; homeland security; and developments in training and joint military education to better equip America's military and security apparatus to meet tomorrow's challenges while protecting freedom today."
National Defense University. Institute for National Strategic Studies
1994-05
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Nonproliferation and Counterproliferation Activities and Programs
At least twenty countries-many of them hostile to the United States and its allies-have now or are seeking to develop the capability to produce nuclear, biological and/or chemical weapons of mass destruction and the means to deliver them. More than twelve countries have operational ballistic missiles, and others have programs to develop them. Weapons of mass destruction may directly threaten US forces in the field and, in a more perplexing way, threaten the effective force employment by requiring dispersal of those forces. Potential adversaries may use weapons of mass destruction to deter US power projection abroad. As President Clinton stated to 'If we do not stem the proliferation of the world's deadliest weapons, no democracy can feel secure.' Because of concern over this threat, the National Defense Authorization Act of 1994 (NDAA 94) required the establishment of an interagency review committee composed of representatives from the Departments of State, Defense, Energy, the Intelligence Community, the Joint Chiefs of Staff and the Arms Control Disarmament Agency and tasked the committee to report on nonproliferation and counterproliferation activities and programs. To ensure comprehensiveness, representatives of other departments and agencies were asked to participate. In accordance with NDAA 94, this report provides a top-down overview of existing, planned and proposed capabilities and technologies, as well as a description of priorities, programmatic options and other issues.
United States. Department of Defense
1994-05
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Continental Air Defense: A Dedicated Force is No Longer Needed
"In 1993, the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff determined that the United States no longer needed a large, dedicated air defense force because of the near disappearance of the Soviet threat. Consequently, the Chairman concluded that the dedicated force could be significantly reduced or eliminated and that existing active and reserve general-purpose combat and training forces could be tasked to perform the continental air defense mission. The Chairman expected that his recommendations would result in significant savings in personnel and operating costs. The analysis leading to the Chairman's conclusion and recommendations focused on the forces the United States dedicates to the air defense mission. Likewise, this report discusses the roles and missions of the U.S. forces and does not include any analysis of Canadian forces."
United States. General Accounting Office
1994-05
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Energy and Technology Review (May 1994)
This journal features articles on systems that can be used for waste treatment and cleaning up underground contaminants. From the text: "Beneath hundreds of industrial and government sites across the United States, pools of such contaminants as hydrocarbon fuels, cleaning solvents, and industrial chemicals threaten drinking water supplies. In a fairly typical example of this problem, between 1952 and 1979, tens of thousands of liters of gasoline leaked from an underground tank at a former Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) filling station. Researchers from LLNL and from the University of California at Berkeley used a unique technology -- dynamic underground stripping -- to rapidly remove some 29,000 liters of gasoline in less than a year. This technology applies heat -- by steam and electricity -- to vaporize trapped contaminants in the soil. Once vaporized, the contaminants are removed by vacuum extraction. These processes are monitored and guided by underground imaging. Dynamic underground stripping is relatively inexpensive and promises to be the cleanup technology of choice at numerous sites in the future."
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
Bookless, William A.
1994-05
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Navy DDG-51 Destroyer Procurement Rate: Issues and Options for Congress [April 25, 1994]
From the Summary: "Congress has procured 29 Arleigh Burke (DDG-51) class destroyers since FY1985; the first 3 had entered service by the end of 1993. The DDG-51 program is one of the Department of the Navy's highest-priority procurement programs. The Administration wants to continue procuring 3 DDG-51s per year (28 total through FY2004), at a current cost of about $900 million per ship. The issue for Congress is whether to modernize the Navy's surface combatant force by maintaining the DDG-51 procurement rate at 3 ships per year or by adopting a different modernization strategy. Congress' decision on this issue could have important implications for DoD [Department of Defense] funding requirements, U.S. military capabilities, and the U.S. defense industrial base. […] With a very substantial amount of additional, non-DDG-51 work, a procurement rate of 2 ships per year might sustain two yards, but at a higher level of risk to the survival of the yards. Giving additional, non-DDG 51 work to one or both of the DDG-51 yards may require an explicit policy decision to not give this work to other private or public shipyards."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
O'Rourke, Ronald
1994-04-25
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Ballistic Missile Proliferation a National Security Focus for the 21st Century
The global proliferation of ballistic missiles and weapons of mass destruction (WMD) has become one of the most immediate and dangerous threats to U.S. national security. Ballistic missiles were used in four of the last six major wars. Some 190 missiles were fired by Iraqis over a six week period at Iranian cities in 1988, during the 'War of the Cities'. Iraq's firing of Scuds against coalition forces and Israel during the Gulf War provided a vivid reminder of the threat these weapons can present to the world community. During the 1980's, many Third World countries assigned a high priority to the acquisition of ballistic missiles. By 1991, more than 20 of these nations either possessed ballistic missiles or were attempting to obtain them. Today 43 nations possess ballistic missiles. Seventeen of these probably have a nuclear weapon capability, with 20 of them possessing also a chemical or biological capability. This paper seeks to: define the military challenge ballistic missiles represent; review current U.S. counter-proliferation and nonproliferation initiatives and, finally make recommendations on other potential methods or considerations to reduce ballistic missile proliferation.
Army War College (U.S.)
Peterson, Joseph F.
1994-04-21
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FAA Budget: Management Attention Needed for Future Investment Decisions: Statement for the Record by Allen Li, Associate Director, Transportation Issues, Resources, Community, and Economic Development Division, Testimony before the Subcommittee on Transportation and Related Agencies, Committee on Appropriations, U.S. Senate
At just more than $8.8 billion, the Federal Aviation Administration's (FAA) fiscal year 1995 budget request represents a two-percent increase over the previous year's appropriation. This includes $2.3 billion for facilities and equipment; $4.6 billion for operations; $1.7 billion for the Airport Improvement Program; and $267 million for research, engineering, and development. About $6.6 billion will be charged to the Airport and Airway Trust Fund and the rest charged to the General Fund. At these levels, expenditures would exceed trust fund receipts from user fees that are estimated at under $6 billion for fiscal year 1995. The fiscal year 1995 budget would continue the trend of drawing down the trust fund balance. Against this financial backdrop, FAA faces major challenges. How FAA meets them will affect profoundly the nation's airports and airlines as well as the traveling public. This testimony focuses on air traffic control modernization, work force operations in a period of downsizing, the use of Airport Improvement Program money, and research and development for detecting explosives.
United States. General Accounting Office
1994-04-21
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MARAD Rulemaking Authority Under Cargo Preference Laws: Memorandum for Stephen H. Kaplan, General Counsel, Department of Transportation [April 19, 1994]
"This responds to your letter requesting our opinion whether the U.S. Maritime Administration (MARAD) has authority to promulgate rules establishing mandatory uniform charter terms for the carriage of cargoes subject to the Cargo Preference Act of 1954 (CPA), section 901(b) of the Merchant Marine Act of 1936 (MMA), as amended, 46 U.S.C. app. § 1241(b). In addition to the submission accompanying your letter, on November 23, 1993, the Department of Agriculture (USDA) and the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) each submitted memoranda setting forth their views in opposition to MARAD's position (hereinafter cited as 'USDA Mem.' and 'USAID Mem.'). On January 25, 1994, we received a final submission from MARAD in reply to the submissions of USDA and USAID. We conclude that MARAD's statutory authority is broad enough to warrant issuance of charter term regulations. Under the CPA, agencies are only required to allocate the targeted share of cargo to U.S.-flag carriers to the extent that shipment on such carriers is available at 'fair and reasonable rates.' The proposed regulations appear to be a reasonable means of containing charter-related pass-through costs incurred by U.S.-flag carriers in the preference trade, thereby helping those carriers to maintain 'reasonable' rates and to utilize the full statutory allocation of cargo preference, both overall and by 'geographic areas,'"
United States. Department of Justice. Office of Legal Counsel
1994-04-19
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Equitable Transfers of Forfeited Monies or Property: Memorandum for Cary H. Copeland, Director and Chief Counsel, Executive Office for Asset Forfeiture [April 19, 1994]
"You have requested our assistance in determining whether equitable transfers of forfeited property to state and local law enforcement agencies should be viewed as contracts or as conditional gifts. Pursuant to 21 U.S.C. § 881 and 19 U.S.C. § 1616a, the Attorney General has the authority to share forfeited monies or tangible property with any state or local law enforcement agency which participated directly in the investigative or prosecutorial efforts leading to the seizure and forfeiture of the property. The local agency wishing to share in the forfeited property must apply by submitting an 'Application for Transfer of Federally Forfeited Property -- Form DAG-71' ('the DAG-71') within sixty days of the seizure. See A Guide to Equitable Sharing of Federally Forfeited Property for State and Local Law Enforcement Agencies, […] Both the shared property and any income generated from it 'must be used for the law enforcement purposes' specified by the requesting agency in its DAG-71 form. […] Permissible law enforcement purposes include, but are not limited to, the purchase of vehicles, weapons or protective equipment and the payment of salaries and other expenses."
United States. Department of Justice. Office of Legal Counsel
1994-04-19
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Environmental Policy Memo No. 1: Categorical Exclusion (CATEX) of Projects Involving the Acquisition of Damaged Properties; and Implementation of E.O. 12898 Concerning Environmental Justice
"The purpose of this memorandum is to provide information concerning: 1) the changes to 44 CFR Part 10 [the Federal Emergency Management Agency] (FEMA's Environmental Regulations) as published in an interim rule in the Federal Register on Friday, January 7, 1994; and 2) FEMA policy for the implementation of E.O. 12898 which addresses environmental justice. Copies of both are attached. Effective immediately, this interim rule amends 44 CFR 10 by adding certain purchases of properties to the list of actions that FEMA categorically excludes from reviews under the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA). Likewise implementation of E.O. 12898 is immediately effective."
United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency
1994-04-18
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Authority of USDA to Award Monetary Relief for Discrimination: Memorandum for James S. Gilliland, General Counsel, Department of Agriculture [April 18, 1994]
"This memorandum responds to your request for our opinion concerning the authority of the Secretary of Agriculture to award damages and other forms of monetary relief, attorneys' fees, and costs to individuals who the Department of Agriculture ('USDA') has determined have been discriminated against as applicants for, or participants in, USDA conducted programs. You have informed us that the statutes authorizing these programs do not authorize such relief and have asked our opinion concerning whether various civil rights statutes authorize the Secretary to afford such relief. The Secretary has authority to award monetary relief, attorneys' fees, and costs if a court could award such relief in an action by the aggrieved person. Accordingly, the dispositive questions regarding your inquiry are whether the anti-discrimination provisions of the individual civil rights statutes apply to federal agencies, and if so, whether the statutes waive the sovereign immunity of the United States against imposition of such relief. […] We conclude that the anti-discrimination provisions of Title VI do not apply to federal agencies. Some anti-discrimination provisions in each of the other statutes that we reviewed do apply to federal agencies, but only one of the statutes, the Equal Credit Opportunity Act, waives sovereign immunity with respect to monetary relief, authorizing imposition of compensatory damages. The Fair Housing Act and the Rehabilitation Act do not waive immunity against monetary relief. Attorneys' fees and costs may be awarded pursuant to the waiver of immunity contained in the Equal Access to Justice Act."
United States. Department of Justice. Office of Legal Counsel
1994-04-18
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Air Force Instruction 10-801: Assistance to Civilian Law Enforcement Agencies
This document provides guidance and, procedures concerning support for Federal, state, and local civilian law enforcement agencies (LEA), specifying limitations and restrictions on using Air Force members and resources in the active and reserve forces, military and civilian, and the Air National Guard units or members when federalized.
From the document: "This instruction implements AFPD 10-8, 'Support to Civil Authorities,' and Department of Defense (DoD) Directive 5525.5, 'DoD Cooperation with Civilian Law Enforcement Officials,' January 15, 1986, with Change 1. It provides guidance and procedures concerning support for Federal, state, and local civilian law enforcement agencies (LEA), specifying limitations and restrictions on using Air Force members and resources in the active and reserve forces, military and civilian, and the Air National Guard units or members when federalized. Send recommended changes, additions, deletions, and any conflict or duplication of other reports to HQ USAF/XOOOD [Air Force Counterdrug Operations Division], 1480 Air Force Pentagon, Washington DC 20330-1480. Provide copies of publications that support or implement this AFI to HQ USAF/XOOOD. Waiver authority for this instruction is HQ USAF/XOO [Director of Operations, Deputy Chief of Staff, Plans and Operations]."
United States. Department of the Air Force
1994-04-15?
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Sixth Amendment Implications of Law Enforcement Contact with Corporate Executives: Memorandum for Merrick B. Garland, Principal Associate Deputy Attorney General [April 15, 1994]
"You have asked us to consider the Sixth Amendment implications of law enforcement contacts with high-ranking corporate executives while criminal or civil penalty proceedings are pending against the corporation that employs the executives. We conclude that such contacts violate the Sixth Amendment when criminal charges have been filed, but that law enforcement contacts of this nature do not contravene the Sixth Amendment when civil penalty proceedings are in progress."
United States. Department of Justice. Office of Legal Counsel
1994-04-15
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Executive Order 12907: Amending Executive Order No. 12882
This executive order amends Executive Order No. 12882. It increases the number of members on the President's Committee of Advisors on Science and Technology from 16 to 19.
United States. Office of the Federal Register
Clinton, Bill, 1946-
1994-04-14
