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Presidential Determination No. 95-9: Resumption of U.S. Drug Interdiction Assistance to the Government of Peru
This brief document, signed by President Clinton, determines for the record that aerial interdiction of suspected drug trafficking aircraft is necessary to defend the national security of Peru, and that the country has procedures in place to protect loss of innocent life, satisfying the legal requirements of the administration's amendment to the National Defense Authorization Act of 1995.
United States. White House Office
1994-12-08
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S. Prt. 103-97: Is Military Research Hazardous to Veterans' Health? Lessons Spanning Half a Century, A Staff Report Prepared for the Committee on Veterans' Affairs, United States Senate, December 1994
During the last 50 years, hundreds of thousands of military personnel have been involved in human experimentation and other intentional exposures conducted by the Department of Defense (DOD), often without a service member's knowledge or consent. In some cases, soldiers who consented to serve as human subjects found themselves participating in experiments quite different from those described at the time they volunteered. For example, thousands of World War II veterans who originally volunteered to 'test summer clothing' in exchange for extra leave time, found themselves in gas chambers testing the effects of mustard gas and lewisite. Additionally, soldiers were sometimes ordered by commanding officers to "volunteer" to participate in research or face dire consequences. For example, several Persian Gulf War veterans interviewed by Committee staff reported that they were ordered to take experimental vaccines during Operation Desert Shield or face prison. The goals of many of the military experiments and exposures were very appropriate. For example, some experiments were intended to provide important information about how to protect U.S. troops from nuclear, biological, and chemical weapons or other dangerous substances during wartime. In the Persian Gulf War, U.S. troops were intentionally exposed to an investigational vaccine that was intended to protect them against biological warfare, and they were given pyridostigmine bromide pills in an experimental protocol intended to protect them against chemical warfare.
United States. Government Printing Office
1994-12-08
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Total Force: Federal Reserves and State National Guards
"Never before in peacetime has the United States placed so much emphasis and reliance on the Armed Forces' Reserve Components. Since the Total Force Policy was introduced by Secretary of Defense Melvin Laird in 1970, this dependency has grown even more. The 1990 mobilization for OPERATION DESERT SHIELD and the follow-on offensive OPERATION DESERT STORM in 1991 validated the use of the Reserve Components for contingency operations and guaranteed the policy's extension for the foreseeable future. Yet, even with the renewed emphasis on the Reserve Components' roles, their legal basis, mission, mobilization, training, force structure, and relationship to their respective Active Component remain relatively little understood. There are relatively few, if any, single source references pertaining to these Reserve Component areas. This report responds to the growing strategic importance of the Armed Forces Reserve Components. Declining defense budgets leading to small Active Component forces, coupled with inherent dangers facing the world community in a multipolar world, makes the use of Reserve forces on a recurring basis a necessity. This is especially true for Reserve Combat Support and Combat Service Support Forces not readily available in the Active Components. In essence, because of the relatively short time in which contingency operations unfold, the Reserve Components have become the Nation's strategic reserve insurance policy."
Army War College (U.S.). Strategic Studies Institute
Heller, Charles E., 1943-
1994-12-07
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Blue Grass Full Scale Exercise 1994
The Blue Grass Community Full-Scale Exercise 1994 (FSX 94) provided the opportunity to demonstrate emergency response capabilities as specified in the extent of play agreements and to address issues identified during the Blue Grass Community Direction and Control Exercise 1993.
Lessons Learned Information Sharing (LLIS)
1994-12-03
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On the Types of Balancing Behavior
From the thesis abstract: "The structure of the international system underwent a fundamental change with the end of the Cold War. The shift from bipolarity to multipolarity has loosened many of the constraints on the balancing behavior of the states that make up that system. Using neorealist theory, this paper examines the balancing choices of states in a multipolar world. Neorealism is clear in suggesting that under bipolarity, the great powers' balancing choice was inclined toward internal balancing-the development of one's own economic or military power. In a multipolar system, however, great powers will have greater opportunities for external balancing--allying with other powers. Additionally, the presence of nuclear weapons provides small states with the ability to balance against great powers. This may lead them to abandon their traditional reliance on alliances with great powers as the primary means for providing for their security. The European states system during the period 1856-1878 is presented as a case study. Findings suggest that those states with the capability to balance internally will do so. Using that knowledge, it is predicted that, in the current era, internal balancing will also be apparent with the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction as a consequence."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)
Bendel, Thomas R.
1994-12
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Practical Approach to High Assurance Multilevel Secure Computing Service
"Current projects aimed at providing MLS computing services rarely seem to exploit advances in related fields. Specifically, the concepts of data distribution, replication, and interoperation are currently receiving much attention in the commercial database system sector but have yet to be applied to the delivery of MLS computing services. This paper explains how these concepts might help deliver MLS computing services relatively quickly and cheaply, and how they can ease integration of legacy systems and new technology into future MLS cooperative, distributed computing environments."
Naval Research Laboratory (U.S.)
Froscher, J. N.; Kang, M.; McDermott, J. . . .
1994-12
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Homelands and Hostility: Measuring Levels of Nationalism
From the thesis abstract: "In this study, the reaction by the national minorities to governmental policies was used as an indicator of nationalism. Occasionally, minorities express good relations with the indigenous nationality but feel unfairly treated by the government. [...] This study has attempted to accomplish two tasks. The first was to test a basic premise of nationalism concerning one of its prime catalysts, ethno-demographic change. The second task was to test the theory by measuring levels of nationalism in comparable cases. No previous study known to the author has attempted to provide longitudinal data to quantify nationalism. Though the scale is rough, it has allowed for a comparison of levels of nationalism in multinational states. [...] A better understanding of nationalism is necessary to help multi-national states accommodate their minorities. By identifying crucial catalysts, perhaps states can work to overcome the inclination to use homeland psychology and instead include their national minorities in the democratic process. Different relationships and catalysts can be examined allowing eventually for predictive power regarding the intensity of emerging nationalism. Such a tool would be invaluable in today's world of nationalistic conflicts."
Air Force Institute of Technology (U.S.)
Webster, John A.
1994-12
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Capturing Industrial Security Costs: Standardization of Terminology and Procedures for Tracking Security Costs within Industry
"The purpose of this study is to validate a Security Cost Questionnaire developed by the Resources Working Group of the National Industrial Security Program. The Security Cost Questionnaire is intended to gather data to establish an industrial security cost baseline, which can be used as a measurement tool to validate changes brought about by the implementation of the National Industrial Security Program. The research findings reveal that there exists a general objection among industrial security professional associations, contractors, and specific security working groups concerning the necessity for the collection of data on industrial security costs. Scepticism exists concerning the validity of any cost data collected, as well as strong concern over the uses to which such data may be put."
Defense Personnel Security Research Center (U.S.)
Conway, Peter
1994-12
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U.S. Fire Administration/Technical Report Series: Logan Valley Mall Fire
"An early morning fire on December 16, 1994 destroyed approximately 20 percent of the Logan Valley Mall, a regional shopping complex. An effective attack by 59 fire companies successfully controlled the fire although an additional 40 percent of the complex suffered severe smoke and water damage. The fire, which was reported at 2:29 a.m., completely destroyed 15 stores and 9 sales kiosks. The direct loss is estimated at $50 million, with total economic impact of more than $75 million."
United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency; United States Fire Administration
1994-12
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U.S. Fire Administration/Technical Report Series: Multi-Agency Ocean Rescue Disaster Plan and Drill
This report discusses the Broward County, FL off-shore emergency response plan and lessons learned from using it in a rescue drill for a downed aircraft in water.
United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency; United States Fire Administration
1994-12-01?
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U.S. Fire Administration/Technical Report Series: Hospital Fire Kills Four Patients, Southside Regional Medical Center
This technical report series looks at a hospital fire in Petersburg, VA that resulted in the death of four patients. Lessons learned from this fire include the importance of installing sprinkler and smoke detection systems throughout institutional facilities and the preparation of hospital staff as an integral part of fire protection.
United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency; United States Fire Administration
1994-12
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Executive Order 12941: Seismic Safety of Existing Federally Owned or Leased Buildings
"By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the laws of the United States of America, and in furtherance of the Earthquake Hazards Reduction Act of 1977, as amended by Public Law 101--614, which requires the President to adopt ''standards for assessing and enhancing the seismic safety of existing buildings constructed for or leased by the Federal Government which were designed and constructed without adequate seismic design and construction standards'' (42 U.S.C. 7705b(a)), it is hereby ordered as follows: 'Adoption of Minimum Standards[;]' 'Estimating Costs of Mitigation[;]' 'Implementation Responsibilities[;]' 'Updating Programs[;]' [and] 'Judicial Review.'"
United States. Office of the Federal Register
Clinton, Bill, 1946-
1994-12-01
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Chemical Weapons Disposal: Plans for Nonstockpile Chemical Warfare Material Can be Improved, Report to the Chairman, Subcommittee on Environment, Energy and Natural Resources, Committee on Government Operations, House of Representatives
"This GAO report analyzes the Department of the Army's disposal program for chemical ordnance, materiel, and facilities that are not specifically included in the U.S. stockpile of unitary chemical weapons. These items are referred to as nonstockpile chemical warfare materiel and consist of binary chemical weapons, miscellaneous chemical warfare materiel, recovered chemical weapons, former chemical weapon production facilities, and buried chemical warfare materiel. The Army Chemical Demilitarization and Remediation Activity is responsible for the destruction of certain chemical warfare agents which will bring the U.S. into compliance with the Chemical Weapons Convention. The Army is currently engaged in this process, but certain unknown factors including cost analysis have so far prevented its full implementation."
United States. General Accounting Office
1994-12
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Rapid Space Force Reconstitution: 'Mandate for United States Security'
"Radical changes in global political and military balances have occurred in the last five years. In response to these changes, the United States defense strategy has moved away from planning for containment of a monolithic enemy and is moving toward flexible, rapid, regionally oriented response anywhere in the world. Although air, land, and sea power have begun alignment toward this goal, space-based military assets are not prepared for short-notice 'come as you are' contingencies that require rapidly deliverable forces. 'This paper argues that national security policy mandates the immediate development of a rapid space force reconstitution (RASFOR) capability.' The paper presents this argument on two levels: strategic, based on national policy documents, and operational, based on military force requirements for the near-term future. A RASFOR operational concept using rapid-response spacelift and light satellites (lightsats) is presented. After the mandate is established, a key question is addressed: 'If the mandate for RASFOR exists, why hasn't it been acted upon?' Based on these discussions, recommendations for implementing RASFOR are presented."
Air University (U.S.). Airpower Research Institute
Caton, Jeffrey L.
1994-12
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Technical Report to the Secretary of Transportation on a National Approach to Augmented GPS Services
"Early in 1993, the Secretaries of Defense and Transportation recognized the expanding utility of the Navstar Global Positioning System (GPS) for both military and civilian applications. The Secretaries chartered a Joint Task Force to assess the growing utility of the system and make recommendations for expanding civil use. In December 1993, the Joint Task Force concluded its deliberations and reported its findings and recommendations to the Secretaries. Included in the Task Force report was a recommendation for a study of all differential GPS (DGPS) services under development or deployment to determine the optimum integrated approach to providing augmented GPS services. In response to the Task Force recommendation, the Department of Transportation (DOT), with the support and assistance of the Department of Defense (DOD) and the Department of Commerce (DOC), undertook a study to evaluate the capabilities of various means of augmenting GPS and to determine the optimum integrated system for meeting the requirements of Federal land, marine, aviation, and space users. This report presents the findings of that study."
United States. Department of Commerce
Brown, Ronald Harmon, 1941-1996; Irving, Larry
1994-12
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World Nuclear Outlook 1994
"This report presents the status of nuclear power at the end of 1993 for all countries with commercial nuclear power programs. The report also contains projections of nuclear capacity, electricity generation, nuclear fuel requirements, and spent fuel discharges throughout the world. New to this report is a section covering current U.S. uranium market developments and projections of uranium prices, imports, inventories and production. This section contains information and analysis that was previously reported in the Energy Information Administration's (EIA's) annual report on the viability of the uranium mining and milling industry in the United States. Controlling Operating and Maintenance (OM) costs is a major concern to utilities with nuclear power plants; therefore, we have included a new chapter on O&M [Operating and Maintenance) costs of nuclear power plants in the United States. This Chapter also contains some information on U.S. nuclear reactor capacity factors. The U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) Office of Civilian Radioactive Waste Management (OCRWM) uses the projections of capacity, generation, and spent fuel discharges in the United States for estimating nuclear waste fund revenues, planning construction of a permanent waste repository, and preparing an annual report to Congress. Also, the DOE'S Assistant Secretary for Policy uses the report for information on the status and outlook of nuclear power worldwide. Projections of nuclear capacity, fuel requirements and uranium production contained in this report are provided to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development and the International Atomic Energy Agency."
United States. Department of Energy
1994-12
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Naval Doctrine...From the Sea
"Following their victories at Santiago in the Spanish- American War, Rear Admirals William T. Sampson and Winfield Scott Schley, USN [United States Navy], engaged in public debates and discussions over their conduct during the Battle of Santiago (July 1898). Spanish Admiral Pascual Cervera had outmaneuvered the American North Atlantic Squadron and managed to enter the harbor at Santiago, Cuba, where he maintained a fleet-in-being. The Americans attempted to and eventually drew out the fleet as a result of joint actions taken ashore and at sea, resulting in a battle in which Cervera was defeated. The public debate over how the battle should have been fought went on for years and necessitated a Presidential order for it to cease. The acrimonious manner in which tactics and doctrine were questioned following the Spanish-American War poisoned the well in the U.S. Navy for subsequent frank and open debate and discussions of a doctrinal nature. Indeed, one can conclude that the Sampson-Schley debates virtually precluded the use of the word 'doctrine' within the U.S. Navy for many years and biased generations of officers from claiming that doctrine could exist for the Navy."
United States. Naval Doctrine Command
Tritten, James John
1994-12
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Japan's Post-Cold War Security Policy: The Role of Korea
From the thesis abstract: "This thesis illustrates why Japan should play a more important role in South Korea's strategic planning and policy making by demonstrating that Japan is a economical global power with innate aspirations of becoming a political superpower. This is accomplished by forecasting Japan's security policy of post-cold war era using a historical analysis of post world war II Japan's history, and augmented by a strategical analysis of three key indicators of Japan's future security policy: Japan's strategical environment, economical environment, and domestic condition. The thesis recommends that the need of cooperation between South Korea and Japan and ways for South Korea to cooperate with Japan."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)
Hyun, Hongsik
1994-12
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Budgeting for Counterproliferation
From the thesis abstract: "In the Bottom-Up Review conducted in the aftermath of the collapse of the Soviet Union, DOD [Department of Defense] identified the proliferation of nuclear weapons as the new primary threat to the national security of the U.S. In response to this new threat, the Clinton Administration signaled a shift in emphasis in proliferation policy to include counterproliferation as a major policy goal. This thesis examines proliferation policy from a resource perspective. After a brief history of past U.S. proliferation policy and the Defense Counterproliferation Initiative (DCI), the Administration's FY [fiscal year] 95 budget request for policy support for this new initiative is analyzed. The purpose is to provide insight concerning the extent to which a consensus on resources for this new initiative exists between the executive and legislative branches. The thesis concludes that both the Administration and Congress agree that counterproliferation is an appropriate means to deal with the new threat. The Senate was supportive of the new initiative throughout the budget process, whereas the House was not. However, Congress as a whole increased support for the initiative by appropriating $60 million, almost twice the Administration's request. There was confusion between the Administration and Congress regarding the proper account for funding the initiative. Consequently, Congress zeroed the Administration's original request for counterproliferation studies in the O&M [Operation and Maintenance] account, but added back $60 million to the RDT&E [Research Development Test & Evaluation] account for the DCI, indicating that the initiative was more technology oriented and required RDT&E funds."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)
Dunscomb, Kenneth D.
1994-12
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Presidential Determination No. 95-7: Resumption of U.S. Drug Interdiction Assistance to the Government of Colombia
This brief document, signed by President Clinton, determines for the record that aerial interdiction of suspected drug trafficking aircraft is necessary to defend the national security of Colombia, and that the country has procedures in place to protect loss of innocent life, satisfying the legal requirements of the administration's amendment to the National Defense Authorization Act of 1995.
United States. White House Office
1994-12-01
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Counterproliferation Program Review Committee Annual Report to Congress: Executive Summary (1995)
"The recommendations of the 1994 NPRC report constitute an integrated, top level plan to improve the overall capability of the United States in countering the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction (WMD). Although it will take a period of years to implement all of the NPRC recommendations, the represented organizations have taken a number of actions since the report was submitted. The CPRC can report that progress has been made over the past year in many areas leading toward a strengthening of U.S. capabilities for countering proliferation. This strengthening includes implementing initiatives that will lead to rapid fielding of essential capabilities and improved integration, management, and oversight of programs related to countering proliferation."
United States. Department of Defense
1995
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Denial and Jeopardy: Deterring Iranian Use of NBC Weapons
This study is part of a larger effort at the NDU Center for Counterproliferation Research to identify regional strategies that contribute to enhanced deterrence of employment of nuclear, biological, and chemical (NBC) weapons and their means of delivery. This particular assessment of Iran and the challenges of deterring its use of NBC weapons was the annex to a broader evaluation of regional deterrence, which includes Iran and North Korea as case studies. Both the broader deterrence paper and the North Korean case study will be published separately. While much unclassified literature is available on both deterrence theory and Iran, the present study was facilitated by the fairly narrow scope of the questions being asked about Iran: what makes Iran easier or harder to deter, and what can the United States do to enhance our ability to deter Iran's use of NBC weapons? The Islamic Republic of Iran presents a particular challenge to the Western analyst: Iranian leaders do not see the world from the Western view and have demonstrated a willingness to undertake actions at times seemingly contrary to their national interests and at a cost other states would find unacceptable. This does not make them irrational or necessarily undeterrable. The factors that influence their cost/benefit calculations, however, may be very different than those that have guided Western concepts of deterrence over the past 50 years. Thus it was important throughout the research to make every effort to avoid imposing Western perspectives and values on the evidence. Conclusions based on superimposed but inaccurate perspectives are often wrong and, in light of the need to deter Iranian NBC use, could be dangerously wrong in the not-distant future.
National Defense University. Institute for National Strategic Studies
Desutter, Paula A., 1958-
1995
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Military Man in Space Essential to National Strategy
"This paper presents arguments for incorporating manned military activities into our space strategy. It begins with a review of how space systems impact national policy today, and how that might change over the next few decades. Subsequent chapters focus on unique talents humans bring to space operations, and how those talents can pave the path to enhanced capabilities in space. [The author] will show how, and why, the manned military space program, like its counterpart air, land and sea programs must be an integral part of the complete national strategy of the United States. [He will] conclude with a framework to build the infrastructure by which military men and women can serve our national strategic objectives in space with the same capability we now rely upon in the air, on land, and at sea."
Industrial College of the Armed Forces (U.S.)
Carretto, Joseph A., Jr.
1995
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Has Congressional Oversight of Intelligence Gone Too Far
In his last public appearance while in office, former Director of Central Intelligence Robert M. Gates went to uncharacteristic lengths in criticizing the growing intrusiveness of Congressional oversight on national intelligence functions. His successor, R. James Woolsey has also been most notable for acrimony resulting in open feuding between Woolsey and the Chairman of the Senate Select Committee on Intelligence over a host of issues, including oversight. This paper will develop this adversarial relationship in the context of powers assigned under the Constitution of the United States to the Congress and the President. In the context of this discussion, intelligence activities are interpreted to mean those directed at agents or governments outside the United States, related specifically to key federal responsibilities of providing for common defense and conduct of foreign affairs. After briefly reviewing what it is that Congress has done to generate criticism from the intelligence community, the paper then explores the answer to questions investigating the hypothesis: Does the Constitution provide for a national foreign intelligence effort? Is intelligence an activity reserved exclusively for the President? What basis is there for this presumption? What basis is there for congressional involvement and what is the extent of that involvement? Is there credible evidence that they have- in fact- overstepped constitutionally mandated separated powers, creating disequilibrium in the balance of power within government? Finally, and most importantly, is the national interest being best served under the current arrangement and what prospects are there for the future?
National War College (U.S.)
Hutsell, Joseph W.
1995
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Ballistic Missile Defense?
"The Proliferation of ballistic missiles... compels the United States to at least evaluate their impact on US security interests throughout the world. First, one must briefly look at the systems that pose a potential threat to the United States. However, we aren't so much worried about the systems, but rather, how they will be used against the United States or US interests. So, there is a need to peer into a crystal ball to predict "the next war." With this as background, then one can appraise the threat of ballistic missiles and likely implications of the threat. Most important, though is the need to create an appropriate response to the threat. Thus, this paper will address the critical characteristics of a ballistic missile defense system designed to meet the needs of the United States for pursuit of its interests. To begin, one must examine the ballistic missile capabilities that the United States may face."
National War College (U.S.)
Moulton, Harold W.
1995
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U.S. Buyout of North Korea's Nuclear Weapons Effort: A Blueprint or a Mistake?
"North Korea Pact Contains U.S. Concessions--Agreement Would Allow Presence of Key Plutonium-Making Facilities for Years"--this was the headline on the front page of the Washington Post on October 19, 1994. These headlines and the accompanying article reflected negatively on an agreement concerning North Korea's nuclear program which was subsequently signed in Geneva. The need to limit North Korean nuclear capability is an important issue on many levels. While it appears obvious that denying a nuclear weapons capability to North Korea is in the United States' best interests, it is not obvious that this agreement will accomplish that feat. Over and above North Korea's capabilities, the recent agreement has implications of its own, the most notable, in the author's opinion, being that it may set a precedent for future non-proliferation efforts. In this paper, the author will look at this watershed accord between the U.S. and the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK); its history, its substance, and the controversy surrounding its implications. From there the author will step to some thoughts on ramifications for U.S. non-proliferation policy.
National War College (U.S.)
Stickford, Thomas E.
1995
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US Policy in Latin America: It Matters at Home
Until recently, US foreign policy in Latin America was overshadowed by the economic and political turbulence of Eastern Europe, the Baltic, Russia, and Southeast Asia. The collapse of the Soviet Union, the war in Bosnia, trade conflicts with Japan, and a multitude of United Nations peacekeeping initiatives throughout the world captured the focus of senior US policy makers. Latin America, with the cast majority of its states forging towards enhanced democratic rule and economic stability, failed to achieve the same level of keen US interest. The transition from authoritarian leadership to democratic rule and more investment-oriented internal economic policies throughout the region suggested that Latin America ".....was poised for a new boom...Five of the six fastest rising stock markets in the world (in 1991) were Latin American". It clearly appeared that success in Latin America had been achieved. But all in Latin America may not be as it appeared at that time. Unequal distribution of wealth, continuing budget deficits, and growing distrust in governmental institutions remain potential threats to the accomplishments of the past few years. Coupled with the recent financial crisis in Mexico, Latin America has recaptured our attention. This essay assesses US interests in the region, recommends US policy objectives in Latin America, and analyzes alternative strategies for accomplishing those objectives.
National War College (U.S.)
Conover, Bruce R.
1995
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Clausewitz: Validation of the Gulf War Air Campaign Plan
The date is 15 Jan 91. The location is the tank in the Pentagon. General Carl Von Clausewitz, brought out of retirement, is one of several prominent military thinkers invited by CJCS and CSAF to discuss coalition air campaign options anticipated to begin soon against Iraq. General Clausewitz has received briefings designed to bring him up to speed on air power history, capabilities, technology and doctrine. We now join General Clausewitz during the conclusion of the final briefing presented to him that laid out the air option plan for Desert Storm known as "Instant Thunder."
National War College (U.S.)
Lefforge, David R
1995
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Rethinking U.S. Policy Towards Iraq: Keep Containment, Forget the Sanctions
In the wake of the Gulf War, struggling to deal with a still-recalcitrant and hostile Saddam, the Clinton administration fell back on a proven Cold War strategy- containment- as a means to protect American interests in the Persian Gulf. Dual containment uses sustained economic, diplomatic, and military pressure to isolate both Iran and Iraq, cut them off from the world trading system, and, (at least in the case of Iraq), encourage a change of regime. To date, this containment policy has arguably been quite successful. But it has also been subject to intense criticism as overzealous, unrealistic, and inhumane. Despite the points raised by such criticism, there are compelling reasons to "stay the course"- to maintain a firm policy of containing Iraq. However, it is also time to modify the economic sanctions, which in many ways have become counterproductive to the overall strategy of containment. To prove this outward paradox, that we should hold firm on containment while at the same time easing up on sanctions, this paper first argues that containing Saddam's Iraq is an appropriate and necessary strategy. It then explains why, within the context of containment, most economic sanctions on Iraq should be lifted.
National War College (U.S.)
King, Richard P.
1995
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Saudi Arabia: The Compatibility of Islam and Democracy
In the post Gulf War period, Saudi Arabia has been pushed to address popular pressure for greater political participation. Some argue that the very reason the Middle East remains unstable is the scarcity of democratic government in the region. The idea that democracies do not make war with each other and facilitate free market economies encircles current Washington foreign policy thinking. The Clinton Administration has embraced this concept completely incorporating it into its own security policy. Given that democracies do not make war with each other, the administration contends, the United States should seek to guarantee its security by promoting democracy abroad. This paper will examine the compatibility of Islam and democracy within Saudi Arabia.
National War College (U.S.)
Hawrylak, Michael N.
1995
