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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: H.R. 3530, Justice for Victims of Trafficking Act of 2014
This is the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) Cost Estimate as ordered reported by the House Committee on the Judiciary on April 30, 2014. From the Summary: "H.R. 3530 would authorize the appropriation of $25 million annually over the 2015-2019 period for the Department of Justice (DOJ) to provide grants to states and other recipients aimed at improving the enforcement of laws against human trafficking and to assist victims of such crimes. The bill also would establish levels of funding for 2016 through 2020 for DOJ's Crime Victims Fund. Assuming appropriation of the authorized amounts, CBO estimates that implementing H.R. 3530 would cost $125 million over the 2015-2024 period. We estimate that enacting the bill would not change total direct spending over the 2015-2024 period; it would reduce such spending during the 2016-2021 period and increase it over the subsequent years. We also estimate that bill would have an insignificant effect on revenues. Pay-as-you-go procedures apply because enacting the legislation would affect direct spending and revenues."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2014-05-13
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Rail Transit: Federal Transit Administration Can Strengthen Safety Oversight by Improving Guidance to States, Report to Congressional Requesters
From the Highlights: "In 2012 and 2015, DOT (Department of Transportation) was provided with additional authority to oversee the safety of rail transit. Within DOT, FTA (Federal Transit Administration) is now implementing this authority. The DOT's Office of Inspector General has reported, though, that FTA faces challenges in carrying out its enhanced safety oversight. FRA (Federal Railroad Administration), also in DOT, has long carried out safety oversight of freight, intercity passenger, and commuter railroads. GAO (Government Accountability Office) was asked to review various rail safety and oversight issues, including the differences between FRA's and FTA's rail safety oversight programs. This report examines (1) key characteristics of FRA's and FTA's rail safety oversight programs and (2) strengths and limitations of FRA's and FTA's rail safety oversight programs. GAO assessed FRA's and FTA's information about rail safety oversight activities against guidance from the Office of Management and Budget, leading practices developed by the transit industry, and federal standards for internal control. GAO also interviewed stakeholders, including rail operators chosen based on mode, size, and location. [...] GAO recommends that FTA (1) create a plan, with timeline, for developing risk-based inspection guidance for state safety agencies, and (2) develop and communicate a method for how FTA will monitor whether state safety agencies' enforcement practices are effective. DOT agreed with our recommendations. DOT, NTSB, and WMATA provided technical comments that we incorporated as appropriate."
United States. Government Accountability Office
2018-03-20
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: S. 944, DATA Act
This is the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) Cost Estimate on S. 944, the Digital Accountability and Transparency Act (DATA Act), as ordered reported by the Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs on November 6, 2013. From the Summary: "S. 994 aims to make information on federal expenditures more easily accessible and transparent. The bill would require the U.S. Department of the Treasury to establish common standards for financial data provided by all government agencies and to expand the amount of data that agencies must provide to the government website, 'USASpending'. In addition, the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) would be required to conduct a two-year pilot program to make it easier for federal contractors and grant recipients to comply with federal reporting requirements. S. 994 also would require OMB, the Government Accountability Office (GAO), and the agencies' Inspectors General (IGs) to submit additional reports to the Congress. Finally, the legislation would designate the Treasury Franchise Fund as the source of funding for the bill's implementation. CBO estimates that implementing the bill would cost $300 million over the 2014-2018 period, assuming appropriation of the necessary amounts. The legislation also could affect direct spending by agencies not funded through annual appropriations; therefore, pay-as-you-go procedures apply. CBO estimates, however, that any net increase in spending by those agencies would not be significant. Enacting the bill would not affect revenues."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2013-12-05
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: H.R. 1233, Presidential and Federal Records Act Amendments of 2014
This is the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) Cost Estimate as ordered reported by the Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs on May 21, 2014. From the Document: "H.R. 1233 would amend federal law regarding the preservation, storage, and management of federal records. The legislation would amend the Presidential Records Act to establish a process for reviewing Presidential records. The legislation also would update archival laws to accommodate the government's use of electronic and digital communications. Finally, H.R. 1233 would require the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) to prevent unauthorized access or removal of government records. According to NARA, most provisions in H.R. 1233 would codify and expand current practices. Executive Orders and Presidential memoranda have directed NARA and agencies to better manage government records. Consequently, CBO estimates that implementing H.R. 1233 would have no significant cost over the next five years. The legislation could affect direct spending by agencies not funded through annual appropriations; therefore, pay-as-you-go procedures apply. CBO estimates, however, that any net increase in spending by those agencies would not be significant. Enacting H.R. 1233 would not affect revenues."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2014-06-05
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: H.R. 3687, Military Land and National Defense Act
This is the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) Cost Estimate as ordered reported by the House Committee on Natural Resources on May 8, 2014. From the Document: "H.R. 3687 would require the Department of the Interior (DOI) to notify the Congress of any federal properties being considered for designation as a National Historic Landmark, inclusion on the National Register of Historic Places, or nomination to the World Heritage List. Under the bill, no federal property would be designated as a National Historic Landmark or included in the National Register of Historic Places if the agency managing the property objects to the designation or inclusion of the property for reasons of national security. H.R. 3687 also would require DOI to promulgate regulations for the expedited removal of any properties from the National Register of Historic Places for national security reasons. Based on information provided by DOI, CBO estimates that implementing the bill would cost about $1 million over the next couple of years, assuming the appropriation of the necessary funds. Those amounts would be used to promulgate new regulations. Enacting H.R. 3687 would not affect direct spending or revenues; therefore, pay-as-you-go procedures do not apply."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2014-06-05
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Aviation Security: TSA Uses Current Assumptions and Airport-Specific Data for Its Staffing Process and Monitors Passenger Wait Times Using Daily Operations Data, Report to Congressional Committees
From the Highlights: "TSA employs about 43,000 TSOs who screen over 2 million passengers and their baggage each day at airports in the United States. TSA allocates TSOs [transportation security officers] to airports using both a computer-based staffing model and information from airports that are intended to provide each airport with the optimum number of TSOs. In the spring of 2016, long screening checkpoint lines at certain U.S. airports raised questions about TSA's process for allocating TSOs to airports. The Aviation Security Act of 2016 includes a provision for GAO [Government Accountability Office] to review TSA's process for allocating TSOs. This report examines how (1) TSA modifies staffing assumptions and tailors staffing levels to airports' needs, (2) TSA monitors wait times and throughput and adjusts resources accordingly, and (3) TSA shares information with stakeholders about staffing and related screening procedures at airports. GAO reviewed TSA documentation describing how the agency modifies staffing assumptions and manages stakeholder coordination. GAO also analyzed passenger wait time and throughput data from January 2015 through May 2017 for the 28 airports monitored by headquarters. GAO visited eight airports selected on the basis of passenger volume and other factors and interviewed TSA officials and stakeholders at those locations. GAO is not making any recommendations."
United States. Government Accountability Office
2018-02
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: S. 1545, PEPFAR Stewardship and Oversight Act of 2013
This is the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) Cost Estimate as reported by the Senate Committee on Foreign Relations on October 2, 2013. From the Document: "S. 1545 would reauthorize through 2018 certain recently expired provisions of foreign assistance programs to combat HIV/AIDS, malaria, and tuberculosis (commonly known as the U.S. President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief or PEPFAR). CBO estimates that implementing the bill would have discretionary costs of $15 million over the 2014-2018 period, assuming appropriation of the necessary amounts. Pay-as-you-go procedures do not apply to this legislation because it would not affect direct spending or revenues. Section 2 would extend a recently expired requirement for the Inspectors General (IGs) of the Department of State, the Department of Health and Human Services, and the U.S. Agency for International Development to coordinate their annual plans for oversight of PEPFAR programs. According to the Office of the U.S. Global AIDS Coordinator (OGAC)--the office within the Department of State that coordinates all PEPFAR activities--the IGs have spent roughly $14 million on such oversight over the past five years. Similar to those recent costs, CBO expects each of the three IGs would require appropriations of roughly $1 million a year to continue such oversight. Assuming appropriation of those amounts, CBO estimates that implementing that provision would cost $14 million over the 2014-2018 period."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2013-11-15
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: S. 753, A Bill to Provide for National Security Benefits for White Sands Missile Range and Fort Bliss
This is the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) Cost Estimate as ordered reported by the Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources on November 14, 2013. From the Document: "S. 753 would require the Secretary of the Interior to withdraw roughly 43,000 acres of federal land in New Mexico from the operation of certain public land laws, including laws that authorize mineral development and grazing on such lands. Those lands would be used by the Army for military purposes. The bill also would require the Secretary of the Army to transfer administrative jurisdiction over about 2,000 acres of land in the same area to the Department of the Interior. Based on information provided by the Bureau of Land Management (BLM), CBO estimates that implementing the legislation would have no significant impact on the federal budget. Enacting S. 753 would reduce offsetting receipts, which are treated as reductions in direct spending; therefore, pay-as-you-go procedures apply. However, CBO estimates that any net reduction in offsetting receipts would be negligible."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2013-11-26
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: H.R 3381, Intelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2014
This is the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) Cost Estimate as ordered reported by the House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence on November 21, 2013. From the Document: "H.R. 3381 would authorize appropriations for fiscal year 2014 for intelligence activities of the U.S. government. CBO does not provide estimates for classified programs; thus, this estimate addresses only the unclassified aspects of the bill. On that limited basis, and assuming appropriation of the authorized amounts, CBO estimates that implementing the unclassified provisions of H.R. 3381 would cost $595 million over the 2014-2018 period. Pay-as-you-go procedures do not apply to this legislation because enacting it would not affect direct spending or revenues."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2013-11-25
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: S. 1386, Chris Stevens, Sean Smith, Tyrone Woods, and Glen Doherty Embassy Security, Threat Mitigation, and Personnel Protection Act of 2013
This is the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) Cost Estimate as ordered reported by the Senate Committee on Foreign Relations on August 1, 2013. From the Summary: "S. 1386 would authorize appropriations for the Department of State's embassy security programs. CBO estimates that implementing the bill would have discretionary costs of about $1.8 billion over the 2014-2018 period, assuming appropriation of the specified and estimated amounts. In addition, CBO estimates that enacting the bill would increase direct spending by $15 million over the 2014-2023 period, and thus, pay-as-you-go procedures apply. Enacting the bill would not affect revenues. S. 1386 contains no intergovernmental or private-sector mandates as defined in the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act (UMRA)."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2013-11-08
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: H.R. 2061, Digital Accountability and Transparency Act of 2013
This is the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) Cost Estimate as ordered reported by the House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform on May 22, 2013. From the Summary: "H.R. 2061 aims to make information on federal expenditures more easily available, accessible, and transparent. The bill would require the U.S. Department of the Treasury to establish common standards for financial data provided by all government agencies and to expand the amount of data that agencies must provide to the government website, 'USASpending'. H.R. 2061 also would authorize the Recovery Accountability and Transparency Board to continue to operate through 2017 and would direct the board to conduct a three-year pilot program to make it easier for federal contractors and grant recipients to comply with reporting requirements. Finally, the legislation would require the Office of Management and Budget (OMB), the Government Accountability Office (GAO), and agency Inspectors General (IGs) to submit additional reports to the Congress. CBO estimates that implementing the bill would cost $395 million over the 2014-2018 period, assuming appropriation of the necessary amounts, mostly for collecting and reporting financial information across government agencies. The legislation also could affect direct spending by agencies not funded through annual appropriations; therefore, pay-as-you-go procedures apply. CBO estimates, however, that any net increase in spending by those agencies would not be significant. Enacting the bill would not affect revenues."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2013-11-13
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Letter from CBO Director David W. Elmendorf to Senator David Vitter Regarding [Estimated Budgetary Effects of Section 4020 of S. 954] [November 20, 2013]
From the Letter: "This letter responds to your request that the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) estimate the budgetary effects of section 4020 of S. 954, the Agriculture Reform, Food and Jobs Act of 2013, as passed by the Senate on June 10, 2013. The provision would disqualify an individual from receiving benefits from the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) 'if the individual is convicted of' certain specified crimes including murder, sexual assault, and child sexual abuse. It is unclear to CBO whether section 4020 would be interpreted as applying only to people convicted of committing one of the specified crimes 'after' enactment or applying to all people 'ever' convicted of one of the specified crimes whether the crime occurred before or after enactment. Therefore, CBO prepared estimates for both possible interpretations."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
Elmendorf, Douglas W.
2013-11-20
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Letter from CBO Director Douglas W. Elmendorf to Honorable Sander M. Levin Regarding [H.R. 3546, Emergency Unemployment Compensation Extension Act of 2013] [December 3, 2013]
From the Letter: "The Congressional Budget Office [CBO] has completed an estimate of the budgetary effects of H.R. 3546, the Emergency Unemployment Compensation Extension Act of 2013, which would extend the emergency unemployment compensation (EUC) program for one year. H.R. 3546, as introduced on November 20, 2013, would extend provisions of law relating to the EUC program that are currently scheduled to expire at the end of December. Most significantly, those provisions allow states to provide additional weeks of federally funded unemployment benefits to individuals who have exhausted their regular state benefits. CBO estimates that enacting H.R. 3546 would increase direct spending by $25.7 billion over the 2014-2015 period. Enacting the legislation also would increase revenues modestly, by $0.5 billion over the 2014-2023 period. Pay-as-you-go procedures apply because enacting the legislation would affect direct spending and revenues. Implementing the bill would not have a significant impact on spending subject to appropriation."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
Elmendorf, Douglas W.
2013-12-03
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Highway and Transit Projects: Evaluation Guidance Needed for States with National Environmental Policy Act Authority, Report to Congressional Committees
From the Highlights: "Since 2005, over 30 provisions have been enacted in law to speed up the delivery of highway and transit projects, mainly by streamlining the NEPA [National Environmental Policy Act] review process. NEPA requires federal agencies to evaluate the potential environmental effects of proposed projects on the human environment. These project delivery provisions included new categorical exclusions to streamline the review process, and a provision allowing DOT [Department of Transportation] to assign federal NEPA approval authority to states. Congress included provisions in statute for GAO [Government Accountability Office] to assess the use of these provisions and whether they have accelerated project delivery."
United States. Government Accountability Office
2018-01
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Transportation Security Administration: Surface Transportation Inspector Activities Should Align More Closely with Identified Risks, Report to Congressional Requesters
From the Highlights: "The global terrorist threat to surface transportation - freight and passenger rail, mass transit, highway, maritime and pipeline systems - has increased in recent years, as demonstrated by the 2017 London vehicle attacks and a 2016 thwarted attack on mass transit in the New York area. TSA is the primary federal agency responsible for securing surface transportation in the United States. GAO [Government Accountability Office] was asked to review TSA surface inspector activities. This report addresses (1) how TSA surface inspectors implement the agency's surface transportation security mission, and (2) the extent to which TSA has used a risk-based approach to prioritize and implement surface inspector activities. GAO analyzed TSA data on surface inspector activities from fiscal year 2013 through March 24, 2017, reviewed TSA program and risk documents and guidance, and observed surface inspectors conducting multiple activities. GAO also interviewed TSA officials in 17 of 49 surface field offices and 15 industry stakeholders. [...] GAO recommends that TSA (1) address limitations in its data system to collect complete information, (2) ensure inspector activities more closely align with the results of risk assessments, (3) identify and prioritize entities and locations for its risk mitigation program, and (4) define measurable and clear objectives for the program. TSA concurred with these recommendations."
United States. Government Accountability Office
2017-12
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Weekly Address: START is about the Safety and Security of America; Not Scoring Political Points [December 18, 2010]
In this December 18, 2010 weekly address, "President Obama called on members of Congress to come together to ratify the new START treaty [Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty] just as they were able to come together to pass the essential economic package he signed into law on Friday. Ratifying a treaty like START is not about winning a victory for an administration or a political party, it is about the safety and security of the country. This is why it has been endorsed by both Presidents George H.W. Bush and Bill Clinton, every living Republican Secretary of State, our NATO allies, and the leadership of the military."
United States. Office of the White House Press Secretary
2010-12-18
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Joint Statement by President Obama and President Komorowski of Poland [December 8, 2010]
This December 8, 2010 joint statement by President Obama and President Komorowski reaffirms the "commitment to strengthening the U.S.-Polish alliance by expanding strategic and defense cooperation, supporting deeper economic links, and promoting democratic institutions in Europe and around the world." Topics include the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, New START (Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty), the U.S.-Polish Declaration on Strategic Cooperation, and the prevention of the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction.
United States. Office of the White House Press Secretary
Obama, Barack
2010-12-08
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High Consequence Event Decision Matrix
Funded by the Critical Infrastructure Protection Project, the High Consequence Event Decision Matrix is useful in defining and categorizing the different kinds of WMD [weapons of mass destruction] into levels of severity. In addition to categorizing, the Matrix indicates the core emergency actions necessary to respond to that particular event at that level of severity. The High Consequence Event Decision Matrix is comprised of four components: Event Matrix, Emergency Actions Matrix, Public Protective Action Matrix, and Historical Events Matrix. The Event Matrix classifies the WMD according to a separate filter for each WMD type. The Emergency Actions Matrix is used, once the event is classified, to indicate the essential emergency actions that must be employed to sufficiently address the type and severity of the event. The Public Protective Actions Matrix indicates the actions that are suggested for the public in the affected areas for each WMD at each severity level. Finally, the Historical Events Matrix is used to identify how some historical events would be classified by the Event Matrix. The Decision Matrix is designed to be implemented in a complementary manner with the National Incident Management System (NIMS).
United States. White House Office
2005
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Statement by the President [October 16, 2002]
From the Document: "Today I have signed into law H.J. Res. 114, a resolution 'To authorize the use of United States Armed Forces against Iraq.' By passing H.J. Res. 114, the Congress has demonstrated that the United States speaks with one voice on the threat to international peace and security posed by Iraq. It has also clearly communicated to the international community, to the United Nations Security Council, and, above all, to Iraq's tyrannical regime a powerful and important message: the days of Iraq flouting the will of the world, brutalizing its own people, and terrorizing its neighbors must-and will-end. Iraq will either comply with all U.N. resolutions, rid itself of weapons of mass destruction, and in its support for terrorists, or it will be compelled to do so. I hope that Iraq will choose compliance and peace, and I believe passage of this resolution makes that choice more likely."
United States. Office of the White House Press Secretary
Bush, George W. (George Walker), 1946-
2002-10-16
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Continuation of Emergency with Respect to Weapons of Mass Destruction [November 6, 2009]
On November 9, 2009, President Obama declared a continuation of Executive Order 12938 "with respect to the unusual and extraordinary threat to the national security, foreign policy, and economy of the United States posed by the proliferation of nuclear, biological, and chemical weapons (weapons of mass destruction) and the means of delivering such weapons."
United States. Office of the White House Press Secretary
2009-11-06
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Notice: Continuation of Emergency Regarding Weapons of Mass Destruction [November 9, 2007]
From the Document: "On November 14, 1994, by Executive Order 12938, the President declared a national emergency with respect to the unusual and extraordinary threat to the national security, foreign policy, and economy of the United States posed by the proliferation of nuclear, biological, and chemical weapons 'weapons of mass destruction' and the means of delivering such weapons. On July 28, 1998, the President issued Executive Order 13094 amending Executive Order 12938 to respond more effectively to the worldwide threat of weapons of mass destruction proliferation activities. On June 28, 2005, I issued Executive Order 13382 which, inter alia, further amended Executive Order 12938 to improve our ability to combat proliferation. The proliferation of weapons of mass destruction and the means of delivering them continues to pose an unusual and extraordinary threat to the national security, foreign policy, and economy of the United States; therefore, the national emergency first declared on November 14, 1994, and extended in each subsequent year, must continue. In accordance with section 202(d) of the National Emergencies Act (50 U.S.C. 1622(d)), I am continuing for 1 year the national emergency declared in Executive Order 12938, as amended."
United States. Office of the White House Press Secretary
2007-11-09
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Statement by the Press Secretary on U.S. Contribution to the United Nations Trust Fund for Global and Regional Disarmament [March 31, 2011]
This March 31, 2011 statement by the press secretary announces the United States' "contribution of $3 million this year to the United Nations Trust Fund for Global and Regional Disarmament to aid in preventing the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction."
United States. Office of the White House Press Secretary
2011-03-31
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Read-out of the President's Call with Russian President Medvedev [December 23, 2010]
This December 23, 2010 readout describes a call between President Obama and President Medvedev to discuss the new START Treaty (Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty) and continued cooperation on a range of issues.
United States. Office of the White House Press Secretary
Obama, Barack; Medvedev, Sergei A.
2010-12-23
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Congressional Budget Office: Collected Tables Showing Projecting Savings for Options for Reducing the Deficit: 2014-2023
These tables were obtained from the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) website, which says "This spreadsheet of budget options reflects CBO's estimates, assumptions, and projections at the time the Options for Reducing the Deficit: 2014 to 2023 was released; that is, the spreadsheet is not continually updated. Nearly all the estimates for the revenue options were prepared by the staff of the Joint Committee on Taxation (JCT)."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2013-11-13
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Homeland Security Presidential Directive/HSPD-18: Medical Countermeasures against Weapons of Mass Destruction
This document contains the text of HSPD [Homeland Security Presidential Directive] 18 which addresses medical countermeasures against weapons of mass destruction.
United States. White House Office
Bush, George W. (George Walker), 1946-
2007-01-31
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Metering Update: February 2022
From the Introduction: "In April 2018, U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) leadership issued guidance that allowed officers to limit asylum seekers' access to ports of entry. This guidance permitted CBP officers stationed at the United States' international boundary with Mexico to inform arriving asylum seekers that U.S. ports of entry were full. Simultaneously, CBP officers also began accepting a specified number of asylum seekers each day, in a process that is known as metering. [...] As metering spread across the border and a subsequent backlog of asylum seekers grew in Mexico's border cities, Mexican authorities and civil society groups responded by providing humanitarian assistance and creating informal waitlists. Since November 2018, the Robert Strauss Center for International Security and Law at the University of Texas at Austin--at times in collaboration with the Center for U.S.-Mexico Studies at the University of California San Diego and the Migration Policy Centre at the European University Institute--has documented these informal lists through quarterly updates. As the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic began in March 2020, CBP stopped processing asylum requests at ports of entry altogether. This change took place via a Center for Disease Control's (CDC) regulation based on Title 42 authority and an order that blocked entry for individuals--including asylum seekers--attempting to enter the United States through Mexico without valid travel documents. The use of Title 42 to restrict asylum seeker processing continues to be controversial and questioned by public health experts."
University of Texas at Austin. Robert S. Strauss Center for International Security and Law
Leutert, Stephanie; Yates, Caitlyn
2022-02
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Migrant Kidnapping in Nuevo Laredo During MPP and Title 42, December 2021
From the Introduction: "Every day, U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) officers send individuals into Mexican border cities, including the city of Nuevo Laredo, Tamaulipas, across the border from Laredo, Texas. These individuals leave the United States through deportations, Title 42 expulsions via the Centers for Disease Control's (CDC) COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] order, or as part of the Migrant Protection Protocols (MPP), which sends people to Mexico to wait during their U.S. immigration proceedings. Immediately upon entering Nuevo Laredo, these individuals are at high risk for kidnapping and serve as a source of income for organized crime. Migrant kidnappings in Nuevo Laredo are not a new phenomenon. For more than a decade, organized crime in the city has made migrant kidnapping a component of its income generating activities. Members of organized crime kidnap both migrants traveling north for a chance to enter the United States and people sent back to the city. However, recent U.S. policies that return individuals and families to Nuevo Laredo--such as MPP and Title 42--have added new, lucrative populations for the criminal activity."
University of Texas at Austin. Robert S. Strauss Center for International Security and Law
Leutert, Stephanie
2021-12
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Protection Denied: Humanitarian Consequences at the U.S. Southern Border One Year into the Biden Administration
From the Executive Summary: "On February 2, 2021, less than two weeks after taking office, the Biden administration issued a series of presidential actions regarding immigration, including an executive order to provide safe and orderly processing of asylum seekers at the United States border. The executive order promised to restore and strengthen the U.S. asylum system through safe, orderly, and humane reception and processing of asylum seekers at the border, noting that immigrants have made the U.S. stronger and better for generations and that policies enacted under the Trump administration contravened U.S. values and caused needless suffering."
International Rescue Committee
2022-01-14?
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2021 Lobbying Disclosure: Observations on Lobbyists' Compliance with Disclosure Requirements, Report to Congressional Committees
From the GAO (Government Accountability Office) Highlights: "The LDA [Lobbying Disclosure Act of 1995], as amended, requires lobbyists to file quarterly disclosure reports and semiannual reports on certain political contributions. The law also includes a provision for GAO to annually audit lobbyists' compliance with the LDA. This report, among other things, (1) determines the extent to which lobbyists can demonstrate compliance with disclosure requirements, (2) identifies challenges or potential improvements to compliance that lobbyists report, and (3) describes the efforts of USAO [U.S. Attorney's Office for the District of Columbia] in enforcing LDA compliance. This is GAO's 15th annual report under the provision. GAO reviewed a stratified random sample of 98 quarterly disclosure LD[lobbying disclosure]-2 reports filed for the third and fourth quarters of calendar year 2020 and the first and second quarters of calendar year 2021. GAO also reviewed two random samples totaling 160 LD-203 reports from year-end 2020 and midyear 2021. This methodology allowed GAO to generalize to the population of 55,084 disclosure reports with $5,000 or more in lobbying activity and 28,851 reports of federal political campaign contributions. GAO also interviewed USAO officials. GAO provided a draft of this report to the Department of Justice for review. The Department of Justice did not have comments."
United States. Government Accountability Office
2022-04
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: H.R. 1965, Federal Lands Jobs and Energy Security Act
This is the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) Cost Estimate as ordered reported by the House Committee on Natural Resources on July 24, 2013. From the Summary: "H.R. 1965 would require the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) to establish certain fees for activities related to the development of oil and gas on federal lands. A portion of those amounts along with a portion of fees from renewable energy projects on federal lands would be available to the agency, subject to appropriation, to cover the costs of activities aimed at increasing energy development on federal lands. The bill also would exempt lawsuits related to energy production on federal lands from the Equal Access to Justice Act (EAJA). In addition, the legislation would require BLM to offer for sale at least 25 percent of onshore federal lands nominated by firms for oil and gas leasing. Finally, the bill would establish a commercial leasing program for oil shale resources (a type of rock that can be heated to extract an organic compound used to produce synthetic crude oil) on federal lands."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2013-11-12
