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MMWR: Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, March 11, 2022
The Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR) Series is prepared by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). [It] is the agency's primary vehicle for scientific publication of timely, reliable, authoritative, accurate, objective, and useful public health information and recommendations. This issue of MMWR contains the following: "Interim Estimates of 2021-22 Seasonal Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness -- United States, February 2022"; "Characteristics and Adverse Events of Patients for Whom Nifurtimox Was Released Through CDC-Sponsored Investigational New Drug Program for Treatment of Chagas Disease -- United States, 2001-2021"; "Evaluation of Serologic Cross-Reactivity Between Dengue Virus and SARS-CoV-2 [severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2] in Patients with Acute Febrile Illness -- United States and Puerto Rico, April 2020-March 2021"; "COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] Vaccine Provider Access and Vaccination Coverage Among Children Aged 5-11 Years -- United States, November 2021-January 2022"; "SARS-CoV-2 Incidence in K-12 School Districts with Mask-Required Versus Mask-Optional Policies -- Arkansas, August-October 2021"; "Notes from the Field: Congenital Varicella Syndrome Case -- Illinois, 2021"; and "QuickStats: Percentage of Adults Aged ≥18 Years Who Sleep
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
2022-03-11
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EMR-ISAC: InfoGram, Volume 22 Issue 10, March 10, 2022
The Emergency Management and Response Information Sharing and Analysis Center's (EMR-ISAC) InfoGram is a weekly publication of information concerning the protection of critical infrastructures relevant to members of the Emergency Services Sector. This issue includes the following articles: "USFA [U.S. Fire Administration] Special Announcement: Call for Wildfire Commission members, applications due March 25"; "National Institute of Justice funds first open-source catalog of US school shootings"; "CISA [Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency] releases Contingency Planning Guide for Emergency Communications Funding"; "Webinar: Understanding Indicators of Compromise in a cyber attack"; "FBI Flash: RagnarLocker Ransomware Indicators of Compromise"; "CISA: Updated Conti Ransomware advisory"; "CISA: Updated Conti Ransomware advisory"; "HC3 [Health Sector Cybersecurity Coordination Center]: Health Sector Cybersecurity: 2021 Retrospective and 2022 Look Ahead"; and "CISA: Maturing enterprise mobility towards zero trust architectures, request for comment."
Emergency Management and Response-Information Sharing and Analysis Center (U.S.)
2022-03-10
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What is a No-Fly Zone (NFZ)? [March 10, 2022]
From the Document: "A 'No-Fly Zone' (NFZ) is a military operation to ensure that no aircraft operate in the airspace of a defined geographic area. An NFZ could also suppress and/or destroy air defenses in a defined region. Many defense analysts consider maintaining NFZs to be combat operations, likely involving actively shooting down and/or destroying a hostile country's aircraft, therefore requiring rules of engagement detailing how and when forces can engage a violating aircraft. NFZs are generally international operations, and U.S. participation in them entails oversight and funding considerations by Congress. The United States has participated in four declared NFZ operations[.]"
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Hoehn, John R.; Feickert, Andrew
2022-03-10
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Attacks Against the United Arab Emirates: Issues for Congress [March 16, 2022]
From the Overview: "In early 2022, the Iran-backed, Yemen-based Ansar Allah/Houthi movement ('the Houthis') launched several missile and drone attacks against targets in the United Arab Emirates (UAE), killing three foreign nationals. Targets in the UAE included Al Dhafra Air Base, which hosts the United States Air Forces Central (AFCENT) 380th Air Expeditionary Wing [hyperlink]. In Congress, Houthi attacks against the UAE have renewed debate over whether to redesignate the Houthis as a Foreign Terrorist Organization (FTO) [hyperlink]. President Trump designated the Houthis as an FTO in January 2021; President Biden reversed that decision citing concerns [hyperlink] that the designation could impede the delivery of humanitarian assistance in Houthi-controlled areas. The Biden Administration has designated individual Houthi leaders and financiers [hyperlink] and said a review is underway [hyperlink] regarding redesignating the group"
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Sharp, Jeremy Maxwell; Humud, Carla E.
2022-03-10
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Russia's Nord Stream 2 Natural Gas Pipeline to Germany Halted [Updated March 10, 2022]
From the Document: "In connection with Russia's invasion of Ukraine, the German government has suspended certification of the Nord Stream 2 natural gas pipeline. The pipeline--which has been constructed but has not become operational-- would increase Russia's natural gas export capacity directly to Germany, bypassing Ukraine, Poland, and other transit states. Successive Congresses and U.S. Administrations have opposed Nord Stream 2, reflecting concerns about European dependence on Russian energy and Russian aggression in Ukraine. Previously, German officials portrayed the pipeline as an important natural gas corridor as Germany is ending nuclear energy production and reducing coal use."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Belkin, Paul; Welt, Cory; Ratner, Michael
2022-03-10
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Russian Military Actions at Ukraine's Nuclear Power Plants [March 10, 2022]
From the Document: "Russian military forces have seized two of Ukraine's nuclear power plants as part of the invasion that began on February 24, 2022. The four-unit Chernobyl nuclear plant, whose last operating reactor permanently closed in 2000, was occupied shortly after the start of the invasion. Russian forces then attacked and captured the Zaporizhzhia nuclear plant, with six operational reactors, on March 4, 2022. The nuclear plant attacks have caused widespread concern about the potential for radioactive releases and potential war crimes. Congress may wish to consider what actions the U.S. government could take to support the safety and security of nuclear facilities in Ukraine."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Holt, Mark; Nikitin, Mary Beth Dunham
2022-03-10
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DOT's Federal Pipeline Safety Program: Background and Key Issues for Congress [Updated March 10, 2022]
From the Summary: "The U.S. energy pipeline network includes approximately 3.3 million miles of onshore pipeline transporting natural gas, crude oil, and other hazardous liquids. Over the past decade, safety incidents in California, Massachusetts, and other states have drawn criticism from stakeholders and have raised concerns in Congress about pipeline safety regulation. Recent incident statistics suggest there is opportunity for safety improvement. The 2021 ransomware attack on the Colonial Pipeline Company has also drawn attention to federal pipeline security activities, including various agency roles and the linkage between pipeline safety and security. The federal safety program for onshore pipelines is administered by the Department of Transportation's Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (PHMSA), which relies heavily on state partnerships for inspection and enforcement. PHMSA may reimburse states for up to 80% of their pipeline safety expenditures through State Pipeline Safety Grants."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Parfomak, Paul W.
2022-03-10
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Job Openings and Labor Turnover Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic [March 10, 2022]
From the Summary: "The COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic and recession in early 2020 resulted in the swift and marked deterioration of national labor market conditions, with some lasting effects. While public focus has largely been on headline labor market indicators, such as the unemployment rate and job numbers, pandemic impacts are also reflected in official job openings and labor turnover statistics. As the economy recovers, reports of labor shortages in some sectors have drawn greater interest in these indicators. This report analyzes both long-term and recent trends for U.S. job openings, hires, quits, and layoffs as measured by the Bureau of Labor Statistics Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS) at the national and sector level."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Romero, Paul D.; Nicchitta, Isaac A.; Donovan, Sarah A.
2022-03-10
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Immigration: Public Charge Updates [Updated March 10, 2022]
From the Document: "Under federal immigration law, a noncitizen (alien) who is likely to become a public charge is deemed 'inadmissible', or ineligible to be admitted to the United States as a lawful permanent resident (LPR [Lawful Permanent Resident] or green card holder). Public charge determinations are made based on the totality of the circumstances for each case. In recent years, the criteria considered in public charge determinations have shifted. Longstanding public charge guidance directed immigration officials to consider whether an individual has become or is likely to become dependent on cash benefits for income maintenance or long-term institutionalization at government expense, among other factors. In 2019, under the Trump Administration, the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) issued a new federal regulation that expanded the definition of public charge to consider whether a noncitizen was 'more likely than not at any time in the future' to use certain public benefits and added consideration of certain noncash benefits. The regulation was subsequently challenged in court. The Biden Administration chose not to defend the regulation [hyperlink] and, in March 2021, reverted to previous guidance. In February 2022, DHS published a Notice of Proposed Rulemaking [hyperlink] (NPRM) intending to implement a new regulation."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Kolker, Abigail F.; Straut-Eppsteiner, Holly
2022-03-10
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Renewed Great Power Competition: Implications for Defense--Issues for Congress [Updated March 10, 2022]
From the Introduction: "This report provides a brief overview of implications for U.S. defense of the emergence of great power competition with China and Russia. The issue for Congress is how U.S. defense planning should respond to the renewal of great power competition, and whether to approve, reject, or modify the Biden Administration's proposed defense funding levels, strategy, plans, and programs for addressing great power competition. Congress's decisions on these issues could have significant implications for U.S. defense capabilities and funding requirements. This report focuses on defense-related issues and does not discuss potential implications of the renewal of great power competition for other policy areas, such as foreign policy and diplomacy, trade and finance, energy, and foreign assistance."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
O'Rourke, Ronald
2022-03-10
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Bahrain: Issues for U.S. Policy [Updated March 10, 2022]
From the Summary: "Bahrain is a small island nation, ruled by a hereditary monarchy, that is in a partnership with other Arab monarchies of the Persian Gulf called the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC: Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, United Arab Emirates, Bahrain, Qatar, and Oman). Bahrain is led by King Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa, who succeeded his father, Shaykh Isa bin Salman Al Khalifa, upon his death in 1999. U.S.-Bahrain ties are long-standing and have deepened over the past four decades as the Gulf region has faced threats from Iran's increasing strategic capabilities. Bahrain has hosted a U.S. naval command headquarters for the Gulf region since 1948, and the United States and Bahrain have had a formal Defense Cooperation Agreement (DCA) since 1991. In 2004, Bahrain was designated by the United States as a 'major non-NATO ally.' There are about 7,000 U.S. forces, mostly Navy, serving at the naval facility and other bases in Bahrain, and the country is a significant buyer of U.S.-made arms."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Katzman, Kenneth; Collins, Sarah
2022-03-10
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Northern Ireland: The Peace Process, Ongoing Challenges, and U.S. Interests [Updated March 10, 2022]
From the Summary: "Between 1969 and 1999, roughly 3,500 people died as a result of political violence in Northern Ireland, which is one of four component 'nations' of the United Kingdom (UK). The conflict, often referred to as 'the Troubles,' has its origins in the 1921 division of Ireland and has reflected a struggle between different national, cultural, and religious identities. Protestants in Northern Ireland largely define themselves as British and support remaining part of the UK ('unionists'). Most Catholics in Northern Ireland consider themselves Irish, and many desire a united Ireland ('nationalists'). Successive U.S. Administrations and many Members of Congress have actively supported the Northern Ireland peace process. For decades, the United States has provided development aid through the International Fund for Ireland (IFI). In recent years, congressional hearings have focused on the peace process, police reforms, human rights, and addressing Northern Ireland's legacy of violence (often termed 'dealing with the past'). Some Members also are concerned about how 'Brexit'--the UK's withdrawal as a member of the European Union (EU) in January 2020--is affecting Northern Ireland."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Archick, Kristin
2022-03-10
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Estimating Excess Mortality Due to the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Analysis of COVID-19-Related Mortality, 2020-21
From the Summary: "Mortality statistics are fundamental to public health decision making. Mortality varies by time and location, and its measurement is affected by well known biases that have been exacerbated during the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic. This paper aims to estimate excess mortality from the COVID-19 pandemic in 191 countries and territories, and 252 subnational units for selected countries, from Jan 1, 2020, to Dec 31, 2021."
Elsevier Science Ltd; Lancet
Wang, Haidong; Paulson, Katherine R.; Pease, Spencer A. . . .
2022-03-10
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: S. 2838, Access to Congressionally Mandated Reports Act
This is the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) Cost Estimate as ordered reported by the Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs on November 3, 2021. From the Document: "S. 2838 would require the Government Publishing Office (GPO) to establish and maintain a website for the public to obtain electronic copies of all Congressionally mandated reports. Under the bill, all federal agencies would be required to provide GPO with electronic copies of reports required by law each year. Using information from GPO and federal agencies that produce thousands of Congressionally mandated reports, CBO estimates that implementing the bill would cost about $400,000 a year or $2 million over the 2022-2026 period. Those costs primarily consist of the salaries and expenses associated with four employees who would establish and maintain the website. In addition, there would be some costs for the agencies to collect and submit reports in the required format. CBO also expects the website would primarily contain recent filings and would not include many older reports. Any spending would be subject to the availability of appropriated funds. Enacting S. 2838 could affect direct spending by some agencies that are allowed to use fees, receipts from the sale of goods, and other collections to cover operating costs. CBO estimates that any net changes in direct spending by those agencies would be negligible because most of them can adjust amounts collected to reflect changes in operating costs."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2022-03-09
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FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin: March 2022
This March 2022 edition of the FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin contains the following content: "Metro Special Police Department, Washington, D.C."; "Onondaga County, New York, Sheriff's Office"; "Leadership Spotlight: Is Happiness Overrated?"; "Understanding Bombers' Motivations: A Historical Study"; "Bulletin Notes"; "Community Outreach Spotlight: Building Bridges"; and "Building Better Candidates Through Technical High Schools."
United States. Federal Bureau of Investigation
2022-03-09
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Executive Order 14067: Ensuring Responsible Development of Digital Assets
From the Section 1: "Advances in digital and distributed ledger technology for financial services have led to dramatic growth in markets for digital assets, with profound implications for the protection of consumers, investors, and businesses, including data privacy and security; financial stability and systemic risk; crime; national security; the ability to exercise human rights; financial inclusion and equity; and energy demand and climate change. In November 2021, non-state issued digital assets reached a combined market capitalization of $3 trillion, up from approximately $14 billion in early November 2016. Monetary authorities globally are also exploring, and in some cases introducing, central bank digital currencies (CBDCs). While many activities involving digital assets are within the scope of existing domestic laws and regulations, an area where the United States has been a global leader, growing development and adoption of digital assets and related innovations, as well as inconsistent controls to defend against certain key risks, necessitate an evolution and alignment of the United States Government approach to digital assets. The United States has an interest in responsible financial innovation, expanding access to safe and affordable financial services, and reducing the cost of domestic and cross-border funds transfers and payments, including through the continued modernization of public payment systems. We must take strong steps to reduce the risks that digital assets could pose to consumers, investors, and business protections; financial stability and financial system integrity; combating and preventing crime and illicit finance; national security; the ability to exercise human rights; financial inclusion and equity; and climate change and pollution."
United States. Office of the Federal Register
Biden, Joseph R., Jr.
2022-03-09
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Potential Impacts of a Federal Gasoline Tax Moratorium [March 9, 2022]
From the Document: "Even before the invasion of Ukraine by Russia, a major oil producer, the rise in the average nationwide price [hyperlink] at the pump for gasoline from its pandemic low [hyperlink] had led to interest in legislation that would suspend the 18.4 cents per-gallon federal gasoline tax through the end of 2022. Two identical bills introduced in the 117th Congress, S. 3609 and H.R. 6787, would suspend the gasoline tax through December 31, 2022, and transfer from the Treasury general fund amounts equal to any revenues forgone to the Highway Trust Fund (HTF) and the Leaking Underground Storage Tank (LUST) Trust Fund. Currently, 18.3 cents of the federal tax is dedicated to the HTF and 0.1 cent is dedicated to the LUST fund. The bills would encourage the Secretary of the Treasury to ensure that the benefit of the tax holiday is received by consumers. The bills would not suspend the tax on diesel fuel."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Cilluffo, Anthony A.; Kirk, Robert S.
2022-03-09
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Cluster Munitions: Background and Issues for Congress [Updated March 9, 2022]
From the Summary: "Cluster munitions are air-dropped or ground-launched weapons that release a number of smaller submunitions intended to kill enemy personnel or destroy vehicles. Cluster munitions were developed in World War II and are part of many nations' weapons stockpiles. Cluster munitions have been used frequently in combat, including the early phases of the current conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan. Cluster munitions have been criticized internationally for causing a significant number of civilian deaths, and efforts have been undertaken to ban and regulate their use. The Department of Defense (DOD) continues to view cluster munitions as a military necessity but in 2008 instituted a policy to reduce the failure rate of cluster munitions (a major contributor to civilian casualties) to 1% or less after 2018. In November 2017, DOD issued a new DOD policy that essentially reversed the 2008 policy. Under the new policy, combatant commanders can use cluster munitions that do not meet the 1% or less unexploded submunitions standard in extreme situations to meet immediate warfighting demands. In addition, the new policy does not establish a deadline to replace cluster munitions exceeding the 1% rate and states that DOD 'will retain cluster munitions currently in active inventories until the capabilities they provide are replaced with enhanced and more reliable munitions.'"
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Feickert, Andrew; Kerr, Paul K.
2022-03-09
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H. Rept. 117-261: Providing for Consideration of Senate Amendment to the Bill (H.R. 2471) to Measure the Progress of Post-Disaster Recovery and Efforts to Address Corruption, Governance, Rule of Law, and Media Freedoms in Haiti; Providing for Consideration of the Joint Resolution (H.J. Res. 75) Making Further Continuing Appropriations for the Fiscal Year Ending September 30, 2022, and for Other Purpose; and Providing for Consideration of the Bill (H.R. 6968) to Prohibit the Importation of Energy Products of the Russian Federation, and for Other Purposes, Report to Accompany H. Res 972, March 9, 2022
From the Document: "The Committee on Rules, having had under consideration House Resolution 972, by a nonrecord vote, report the same to the House with the recommendation that the resolution be adopted. [...] The resolution provides for consideration of the Senate amendment to H.R. 2471, the Haiti Development, Accountability, and Institutional Transparency Initiative Act [Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2022]. The resolution makes in order a motion offered by the chair of the Committee on Appropriations or her designee that the House concur in the Senate amendment with an amendment consisting of the text of Rules Committee Print 117-35. The resolution waives all points of order against consideration of the motion. The resolution provides that the Senate amendment and the motion shall be considered as read. The resolution provides one hour of general debate on the motion equally divided and controlled by the chair and ranking minority member of the Committee on Appropriations or their designees. The resolution provides that the question of adoption of the motion shall be divided for a separate vote on all of the matter proposed to be inserted by the amendment of the House other than divisions B, C, F, X, and Z, and titles 2 and 3 of division N."
United States. Government Publishing Office
2022-03-09
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H. Rept. 117-269: Providing for Consideration of Senate Amendment to the Bill (H.R. 2471) to Measure the Progress of Post-Disaster Recovery and Efforts to Address Corruption, Governance, Rule of Law, and Media Freedoms in Haiti; Providing for Consideration of the Joint Resolution (H.J. Res. 75) Making Further Continuing Appropriations for the Fiscal Year Ending September 30, 2022, and for Other Purposes; Providing for Consideration of the Bill (H.R. 6968) to Prohibit the Importation of Energy Products of the Russian Federation, and for Other Purposes; and Providing for Consideration of the Bill (H.R. 7007) Making Emergency Supplemental Appropriations for Coronavirus Response and Relief for the Fiscal Year Ending September 30, 2022, and for Other Purposes, Report to Accompany H. Res. 973, March 9, 2022
From the Document: "The Committee on Rules, having had under consideration House Resolution 973, by a record vote of 9 to 3, report the same to the House with the recommendation that the resolution be adopted. [...] The resolution provides for consideration of the Senate amendment to H.R. 2471, the Haiti Development, Accountability, and Institutional Transparency Initiative Act [Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2022]. The resolution makes in order a motion offered by the chair of the Committee on Appropriations or her designee that the House concur in the Senate amendment with an amendment consisting of the text of Rules Committee Print 117-35, modified by the amendment printed in this report. The resolution waives all points of order against consideration of the motion. The resolution provides that the Senate amendment and the motion shall be considered as read. The resolution provides one hour of general debate on the motion equally divided and controlled by the chair and ranking minority member of the Committee on Appropriations or their designees. The resolution provides that the question of adoption of the motion shall be divided for a separate vote on all of the matter proposed to be inserted by the amendment of the House other than divisions B, C, F, X, and Z, and titles 2 and 3 of division N. The two portions of the divided question shall be considered in the order specified by the Chair."
United States. Government Publishing Office
2022-03-09
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MMWR Early Release: SARS-CoV-2 Incidence in K-12 School Districts with Mask-Required Versus Mask-Optional Policies -- Arkansas, August-October 2021
The Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR) Series is prepared by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). [It] is the agency's primary vehicle for scientific publication of timely, reliable, authoritative, accurate, objective, and useful public health information and recommendations. This Early Release issue of MMWR contains the following article: "SARS-CoV-2 [severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2] Incidence in K-12 School Districts with Mask-Required Versus Mask-Optional Policies -- Arkansas, August-October 2021." Notifiable Diseases and Mortality Tables from MMWR can be accessed at the following link [http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/index2022.html].
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
2022-03-08
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Executive Order 14066: Prohibiting Certain Imports and New Investments with Respect to Continued Russian Federation Efforts to Undermine the Sovereignty and Territorial Integrity of Ukraine
From the Document: "I, JOSEPH R. BIDEN JR., President of the United States of America, hereby expand the scope of the national emergency declared in Executive Order 14024 of April 15, 2021, and relied on for additional steps taken in Executive Order 14039 of August 20, 2021, finding that the Russian Federation's unjustified, unprovoked, unyielding, and unconscionable war against Ukraine, including its recent further invasion in violation of international law, including the United Nations Charter, further threatens the peace, stability, sovereignty, and territorial integrity of Ukraine, and thereby constitutes an unusual and extraordinary threat to the national security and foreign policy of the United States."
United States. Office of the Federal Register
Biden, Joseph R., Jr.
2022-03-08
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U.S. Office of Government Ethics Strategic Plan, Fiscal Years 2022-2026
From the Document: "Maintaining the trust of the citizens we serve is a shared responsibility between OGE [U.S. Office of Government Ethics] and executive branch agencies. OGE ensures that the ethics program remains an effective prevention mechanism to guard against conflicts of interest and violations of ethical standards. As the supervising ethics office, OGE sets policy for the entire executive branch ethics program. This program involves a variety of key elements, including leadership support, financial disclosure, education and training, ethics counseling, remediation of conflicts of interest, and transparency."
United States. Office of Government Ethics
2022-03-08?
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Supplemental Funding for Ukraine: Department of State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs (SFOPS) [March 8, 2022]
From the Document: "On March 2, 2022, the Biden Administration submitted to Congress a request for $5 billion in emergency supplemental funding [hyperlink] for Department of State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs (SFOPS) appropriations accounts to address the crisis [hyperlink] caused by Russia's invasion of Ukraine [hyperlink]. Such funds were requested as part of a broader package that would provide a total of $10 billion for Ukraine and $22.5 billion for response activities related to the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. (The remaining $5 billion for Ukraine would be for the Departments of Defense [$4.8 billion], Commerce [$21 million], Energy [$39 million], Justice [$59 million], and Treasury [$91 million].) The $5 billion for SFOPS would be divided among four appropriations accounts to 'bolster U.S. security and economic assistance to Ukraine as well as regional allies and partners' and 'support lifesaving humanitarian assistance, including emergency food assistance, and additional support for vulnerable populations and communities,' according to the request."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Morgenstern, Emily M.
2022-03-08
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Terrorism Risk Insurance: Overview and Issue Analysis [March 8, 2022]
From the Introduction: "Prior to the September 2001 terrorist attacks on the United States, insurers generally did not exclude or separately charge for coverage of terrorism risk. The events of September 11, 2001, changed this as insurers realized the extent of possible terrorism losses. Estimates of insured losses from the 9/11 attacks are more than $50 billion in current dollars, the largest insured losses from a nonnatural disaster on record. [...] Because of the lack of public data on, or modeling of, the scope and nature of the terrorism risk, reinsurers felt unable to accurately price for such risks and largely withdrew from the market for terrorism risk insurance in the months following September 11, 2001. [...] In November 2002, Congress responded to the fears of economic damage due to the absence of commercially available coverage for terrorism with passage of the Terrorism Risk Insurance Act (TRIA). TRIA created a three-year Terrorism Insurance Program (usually referred to as the Terrorism Risk Insurance Program or TRIP) to provide a government reinsurance backstop in the case of terrorist attacks. [...] The insurance industry has largely continued to support TRIA, as have commercial insurance consumers in the real estate and other industries that formed a 'Coalition to Insure Against Terrorism.' However, not all insurance consumers have consistently supported the renewal of TRIA."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Webel, Baird
2022-03-08
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H. Rept. 117-259, Part 1: Care is an Economic Development Strategy Act, Report to Accompany H.R. 5547, Including Cost Estimate of the Congressional Budget Office, March 8, 2022
From the Background and Need for Legislation: "For millions of Americans, caring for a child or parent is an obstacle to obtaining full time employment. According to the U.S. Census Bureau's Household Pulse Survey, over 7.5 million respondents attributed caring for a child who was not in school or daycare as the main reason they were not employed. An additional 1.9 million respondents cited the lack of elder care. H.R. 5547 would add access to affordable, quality care-based services to the considerations required in CEDS [comprehensive economic development strategy] development. Incorporation of these considerations would only be required as part of a regularly scheduled CEDS update."
United States. Government Publishing Office
2022-03-08
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President's Selection of a Supreme Court Nominee: The Nomination of Judge Ketanji Brown Jackson in Historical Context [March 8, 2022]
From the Document: "This Insight provides historical information related to the selection of past Supreme Court nominees, as well as information about the recent selection of Judge Ketanji Brown Jackson [hyperlink] to fill the anticipated vacancy created by Justice Stephen Breyer's announcement [hyperlink] that he would retire at the end of the Court's current term (assuming his successor is nominated and confirmed by then). For additional information related to a President's selection of a Supreme Court nominee, such as the criteria used to select a Supreme Court nominee, see CRS Report R44235 [hyperlink]. [This information] is provided for comparative purposes and does not presume the outcome of Judge Jackson's nomination."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
McMillion, Barry J.
2022-03-08
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Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic Relief Programs: Audit of Treasury's Implementation of the Emergency Capital Investment Program
From the Document: "This report presents the results of our audit of the Department of the Treasury's (Treasury) implementation of the Emergency Capital Investment Program (ECIP) authorized by Title V, Subtitle B, 'Community Development Investment,' under Division N of the 'Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021' (CAA, 2021). ECIP is to provide up to $9 billion of emergency capital investments to low-and moderate-income community financial institutions that support small and minority-owned businesses and consumers responding to the economic impact of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Furthermore, the Treasury Office of Inspector General (OIG) is required to submit a report twice a year to Congress and Treasury on the oversight provided for the programs established under Subtitle B, including any recommendations for improvement. In accordance with this mandate, we conducted this audit. Our audit objective was to assess Treasury's progress made to implement ECIP, including funding, staffing, processes, and internal controls established, to ensure the effective and efficient administration of the program."
United States. Department of the Treasury. Office of Inspector General
2022-03-08
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Climate Resilience: Opportunities to Improve Federal Planning and Implementation, Statement of J. Alfredo Gomez, Director, Natural Resources and Environment, Testimony Before the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology, House of Representatives
From the Highlights: "The increasing number of natural disasters in the U.S. and reliance on federal assistance to address them are sources of federal climate-related fiscal exposure. 'Limiting the Federal Government's Fiscal Exposure by Better Managing Climate Change Risks' has been on GAO's [U.S. Government Accountability Office's] High-Risk List since 2013, in part because of the increasing costs of federal disaster response and recovery efforts. For example, from fiscal years 2015 through 2021, select appropriations for disaster assistance totaled $315 billion. GAO has previously found that enhancing climate resilience could help limit future costs. Enhancing climate resilience means taking actions to reduce potential future losses by planning and preparing for potential climate hazards. Agencies have taken some actions, including in the areas of climate resilience planning. This testimony focuses on how Congress and federal agencies can improve climate resilience planning and implementation by applying principles of GAO's 'Disaster Resilience Framework'. This testimony is based on findings and methodologies of GAO reports on climate resilience from May 2011 through September 2021. [...] Since 2003, GAO has made 84 recommendations and suggested six matters for congressional consideration related to enhancing climate resilience and limiting the federal government's fiscal exposure to climate change. As of March 2022, 31 recommendations are not yet implemented."
United States. Government Accountability Office
Gómez, J. Alfredo
2022-03-08
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Federal Employees' Compensation Act (FECA): Workers' Compensation for Federal Employees [Updated March 8, 2022]
From the Summary: "The Federal Employees' Compensation Act (FECA) is the workers' compensation program for federal employees. Like all workers' compensation programs, FECA pays disability, survivors, and medical benefits, without regard to who was at fault, to employees who are injured or become ill in the course of their federal employment and to the survivors of employees killed on the job. The FECA program is administered by the Department of Labor (DOL) and the costs of benefits are paid by each employee's host agency."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Szymendera, Scott
2022-03-08
