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Navy Columbia (SSBN-826) Class Ballistic Missile Submarine Program: Background and Issues for Congress [Updated April 27, 2022]
From the Introduction: "This report provides background information and potential oversight issues for Congress on the Navy's Columbia (SSBN-826) class program, a program to design and build a class of 12 new ballistic missile submarines (SSBNs) to replace the Navy's current force of 14 aging Ohio-class SSBNs. Since 2013, the Navy has consistently identified the Columbia-class program as the Navy's top priority program. The Navy procured the first Columbia-class boat in FY2021 and wants to procure the second boat in the class in FY2024. The Navy's proposed FY2023 budget requests $5,857.8 million (i.e., about $5.9 billion) in procurement and advance procurement (AP) funding for the program."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
O'Rourke, Ronald
2022-04-27
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Internships in Congressional Offices: Frequently Asked Questions [Updated April 27, 2022]
From the Summary: "This report addresses frequently asked questions (FAQs) about congressional interns and internships. It is intended to provide information to congressional offices about the role of interns and to provide a summary of some of the policies and guidance provided by the House and the Senate related to internships. It addresses the House and Senate rules that apply to congressional internships, factors that may affect an office's selection process and an individual's eligibility to serve in an internship, and some of the congressional resources and training opportunities available for interns."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Eckman, Sarah J.
2022-04-27
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Cross-Sectional Study of Factors Associated with COVID-19 Testing Among People Who Inject Drugs: Missed Opportunities for Reaching Those Most at Risk
From the Abstract: "People who inject drugs (PWID) are vulnerable to SARS-CoV-2 [severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2] infection. We examined correlates of COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] testing among PWID in the U.S.-Mexico border region and described encounters with services representing potential opportunities (i.e., 'touchpoints') where COVID-19 testing could have been offered. [...] We identified several factors independently associated with COVID-19 testing and multiple touchpoints where COVID-19 testing could be scaled up for PWID, such as SUD [substance use disorder] treatment programs and syringe service programs. Integrated health services are needed to improve access to rapid, free COVID-19 testing in this vulnerable population."
Springer Nature (Firm)
Yeager, Samantha; Abramovitz, Daniela; Harvey-Vera, Alicia Yolanda . . .
2022-04-27
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H. Rept. 117-303: Providing for Consideration of the Bill (S. 3522) to Provide Enhanced Authority for the President to Enter into Agreements with the Government of Ukraine to Lend or Lease Defense Articles to That Government to Protect Civilian Populations in Ukraine from Russian Military Invasion, and for Other Purposes; and for Other Purposes, Report to Accompany H. Res. 1065, April 27, 2022
From the Summary of Provisions of the Resolution: "The resolution provides for consideration of S. 3522, the Ukraine Democracy Defense Lend-Lease Act of 2022, under a closed rule. The resolution provides one hour of general debate equally divided and controlled by the chair and ranking minority member of the Committee on Foreign Affairs or their designees. The resolution waives all points of order against consideration of the bill. The resolution provides that the bill shall be considered as read. The resolution waives all points of order against provisions in the bill. The resolution provides one motion to commit. The resolution provides that House Resolution 1035 is hereby adopted. The resolution provides that House Resolution 188, agreed to March 8, 2021 (as most recently amended by House Resolution 1017, agreed to March 31, 2022), is amended by striking 'April 29, 2022' each place it appears and inserting (in each instance) 'May 13, 2022'."
United States. Government Publishing Office
2022-04-27
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S. Rept. 117-96: GAO Database Modernization Act of 2021, to Accompany S. 629, April 27, 2022
From the Purpose and Summary: "The purpose of S. 629, the GAO Database Modernization Act of 2021, is to ensure that the Government Accountability Office (GAO)'s Congressional Review Act (CRA) database reflects the most up-to-date rules that agencies promulgate. For any rule already required by the CRA to be reported to GAO, the bill requires agencies to provide GAO with updated information if the rule is later revoked, suspended, replaced, amended, or for any reason no longer effective."
United States. Government Publishing Office
2022-04-27
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: H.R. 350, Domestic Terrorism Prevention Act of 2022
From the Document: "Under current law, the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), the Department of Justice (DOJ), and the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) investigate, prosecute, and work to prevent acts of terrorism--both domestic and international in nature. H.R. 350 would require each of those agencies to operate offices dedicated to investigating, preventing, and prosecuting domestic terrorism and would authorize the appropriation of whatever amounts are necessary for those offices. Under the bill, the agencies would be required to produce a joint report every six months that assesses, quantifies, and characterizes domestic terrorism threats nationwide, including threats posed by white supremacist and neo-Nazi groups. Each agency's domestic terrorism office would be directed to focus its resources on the most significant threats, as determined by the number of incidents from each threat category identified in the joint report during the preceding six months. [...] CBO [Congressional Budget Office] estimates that implementing the legislation would cost $105 million over the 2022-2026 period."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2022-04-26
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: S. 3522, Ukraine Democracy Defense Lend-Lease Act of 2022
From the Document: "S. 3522 would authorize the Administration, through fiscal year 2023, to lend or lease military equipment to Ukraine and other Eastern European countries. The act would exempt the Administration from certain provisions of law that govern the loan or lease of military equipment to foreign countries, such as the five-year limit on the duration of the loan or the requirement that receiving countries pay all costs incurred by the United States in leasing the defense equipment. Any loan or lease of military equipment to Ukraine would still be subject to all applicable laws concerning the return of such equipment. [...] Because CBO [Congressional Budget Office] has insufficient information about how the Administration would use the authorities under S. 3522, we have no basis to estimate its effects on federal spending. Enacting the bill would not affect revenues."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2022-04-26
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: S. 2793, SMART Leasing Act
From the Document: "S. 2793 would establish a pilot program under which the General Services Administration (GSA) could enter into long-term, enhanced-use leases (EULs) for certain underused, non-excess federal property. The bill also would require GSA to submit annual progress reports to the Congress. [...] CBO [Congressional Budget Office] estimates that enacting S. 2793 would not increase on-budget deficits by more than $5 billion in any of the four consecutive 10-year periods beginning in 2032."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2022-04-26
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: H.R. 1975, Pala Band of Mission Indians Land Transfer Act of 2021 [April 26, 2022]
From the Document: "H.R. 1975 would direct the Department of the Interior (DOI) to take into trust approximately 720 acres of land in San Diego County, California, owned by the Pala Band of Mission Indians. Under the act, DOI would hold title to that land for the benefit of the tribe. The legislation also would prohibit certain types of gaming on those lands. Using information provided by DOI, CBO [Congressional Budget Office] estimates that the administrative costs the agency would incur to implement H.R. 1975 would not be significant. H.R. 1975 would impose an intergovernmental mandate as defined in the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act (UMRA). The bill would prohibit state and local governments from taxing land taken into trust for the Pala Band of Mission Indians. Based on information from San Diego County, the taxable value of the land that would be placed into trust is approximately $2.3 million. That taxable value indicates that foregone property tax and fee revenues would fall significantly below the annual threshold established in UMRA ($85 million in 2021, adjusted annually for inflation). The bill contains no private-sector mandates. On February 24, 2022, CBO transmitted a cost estimate for H.R. 1975 [hyperlink], the Pala Band of Mission Indians Land Transfer Act of 2021, as passed by the House of Representatives on November 2, 2021. The two pieces of legislation and CBO's estimates of their budgetary effects are the same."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2022-04-26
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Campaign Finance and the First Amendment: Supreme Court Considers Constitutionality of Limits on Repayment of Candidate Loans [April 26, 2022]
From the Document: "Campaign finance is back before the Supreme Court. In 'Federal Election Commission (FEC) v. Ted Cruz for Senate' [hyperlink], the Court is faced with a challenge to a federal campaign finance law that establishes a $250,000 limit on the amount of post-election campaign contributions that may be used to repay a candidate for personal campaign loans made pre-election. Specifically, the Court is evaluating whether the appellees, Senator Rafael Edward 'Ted' Cruz and his campaign committee, Ted Cruz for Senate (Senator Cruz's principal campaign committee), have standing to challenge the limit and, if so, whether the limit violates the Free Speech Clause of the First Amendment [hyperlink]. In June 2021, a three-judge panel of the U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia invalidated the limit as unconstitutional under the First Amendment. If the Court adopts the reasoning of the district court, this case could affect the constitutionality of other current campaign finance laws and legislation going forward. This Legal Sidebar provides background on the law being challenged and an overview of the Supreme Court's framework for analyzing the constitutionality of campaign finance law, discusses the procedural history and lower court rulings in this case, outlines arguments made before the Court, and explores potential implications of this case for Congress."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Whitaker, L. Paige
2022-04-26
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Navy Next-Generation Logistics Ship (NGLS) Program: Background and Issues for Congress [Updated April 26, 2022]
From the Introduction: "The Navy's Next-Generation Logistics Ship (NGLS) program envisages procuring new medium-sized at-sea resupply ships for the Navy. The Navy's proposed FY2023 budget requests $3.0 million in research and development funding for the program. The Navy's five-year (FY2023- FY2027) shipbuilding plan programs the procurement of the first NGLS in FY2026 at a cost of $150.0 million and the second in FY2027 at a cost of $156.0 million."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
O'Rourke, Ronald
2022-04-26
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DHS Actions Related to an I&A Intelligence Product Deviated from Standard Procedures (Redacted)
From the Highlights: "Our objective was to determine whether DHS followed its standard process when it drafted, edited, and disseminated an I&A [Office of Intelligence and Analysis] intelligence product regarding Russian interference in the 2020 U.S. Presidential election. [...] I&A, working with relevant external offices as appropriate, should identify and implement changes to the review and dissemination process for I&A's election-related intelligence products to ensure they are in accordance with applicable policies and guidelines."
United States. Department of Homeland Security. Office of Inspector General
2022-04-26
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: S. 3666, Accountability for Cryptocurrency in El Salvador Act
From the Document: "In 2021, El Salvador officially adopted a cryptocurrency as legal tender. S. 3666 would require the Department of State to report to the Congress on the details and ramifications of that action. The bill also would require the department to devise, implement, and report to the Congress on a plan to mitigate any potential risk to the U.S. financial system from El Salvador's action and similar actions by other countries. On the basis of information about the costs to prepare similar reports, CBO [Congressional Budget Office] estimates that satisfying that requirement would cost less than $500,000 over the 2022-2026 period. Such spending would be subject to the availability of appropriated funds. The CBO staff contact for this estimate is Sunita D'Monte. The estimate was reviewed by Leo Lex, Deputy Director of Budget Analysis."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2022-04-26
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: H.R. 4881, Old Pascua Community Land Acquisition Act
From the Document: "H.R. 4881 would direct the Department of the Interior (DOI) to take into trust about 30 acres of tribally owned lands in Pima County, Arizona, for the benefit of the Pascua Yaqui Tribe. The legislation also would make gaming activities conducted on that land subject to the Indian Gaming Regulatory Act. Using information provided by DOI, CBO [Congressional Budget Office] estimates that the administrative costs to implement H.R. 4881 would not be significant."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2022-04-26
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Tracking Federal Awards: USAspending.gov and Other Data Sources [Updated April 26, 2022]
From the Summary: "USAspending.gov, available at http://www.USAspending.gov, is a government source for data on federal awards by state, congressional district (CD), county, city, and zip code. The awards data in USAspending.gov are provided by federal agencies and represent contracts, grants, loans, and other forms of financial assistance. USAspending.gov also provides tools for examining the broader picture of federal spending obligations within the categories of budget function, agency, and object class. Using USAspending.gov to locate and compile accurate data on federal awards can be challenging due, in part, to continuing data quality issues that have been identified by the U.S. Government Accountability Office (GAO). Users of USAspending.gov need to be aware that while search results may be useful for informing consideration of certain questions, these results may be incomplete or contain inaccuracies."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Teefy, Jennifer
2022-04-26
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Tracking Federal Awards in States and Congressional Districts Using USAspending.gov [Updated April 26, 2022]
From the Document: "USAspending.gov, available to the public at http://www.USAspending.gov, is a government source for data on federal awards by state, congressional district (CD), zip code, city, and county. The awards data in USAspending.gov is provided by federal agencies and represents grants, contracts, loans, and other financial assistance. Grant awards include money the federal government commits for projects in states, local jurisdictions, regions, territories, and tribal reservations, as well as payments for eligible needs to help individuals and families. Contract awards refer to bids and agreements the federal government makes for specific goods and services. USAspending.gov does not include data on actual spending by recipients."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Teefy, Jennifer
2022-04-26
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DHS Plan for Southwest Border Security and Preparedness
From the Executive Summary: "Under the Biden-Harris Administration, the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) has been executing a comprehensive and deliberate strategy to secure our borders and build a safe, orderly, and humane immigration system. After inheriting a broken and dismantled immigration system, since January 2021 DHS has effectively managed an unprecedented number of noncitizens seeking to enter the United States and interdicted more drugs and disrupted more smuggling operations than ever before. The legal authority for enforcing our border security and immigration laws comes from Title 8 of the U.S Code. Among other things, Title 8 provides that individuals who cross the border without legal authorization are processed for removal and, ifunable to establish a legal basis to remain in the United States, promptly removed from the country."
United States. Department of Homeland Security
Mayorkas, Alejandro Nicholas, 1959-
2022-04-26
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Navy DDG(X) Next-Generation Destroyer Program: Background and Issues for Congress [Updated April 26, 2022]
From the Introduction: "The Navy's DDG(X) program envisages procuring a class of next-generation guided-missile destroyers (DDGs) to replace the Navy's Ticonderoga (CG-47) class Aegis cruisers and older Arleigh Burke (DDG-51) class Aegis destroyers. The Navy wants to procure the first DDG(X) in FY2030. The Navy's proposed FY2023 budget requests $195.5 million in research and development funding for the program."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
O'Rourke, Ronald
2022-04-26
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Muslim Holidays: Fact Sheet [Updated April 26, 2022]
From the Introduction: "Islam is one of the three major Abrahamic faiths, alongside Judaism and Christianity. Islam, considered by the Pew Research Center to be the world's fastest growing religion, has approximately 1.8 billion followers worldwide, of whom some 3.45 million live in the United States. Muslims annually observe two major holidays: Eid al-Fitr and Eid al-Adha. This fact sheet describes the two holidays' significance and American Muslims' observance of them, and addresses the ways the holidays have been recognized by elected officials. The fact sheet also briefly describes two other widely celebrated Muslim holidays. This fact sheet is designed to assist congressional offices with work related to Islamic holidays. It contains sample speeches and remarks from the 'Congressional Record', presidential proclamations and remarks, and selected historical and cultural resources. This is part of a series of Congressional Research Service fact sheets on religious holidays in the United States."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Smith, Erin M.
2022-04-26
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International Neutrality Law and U.S. Military Assistance to Ukraine [April 26, 2022]
From the Document: "The United States, the European Union [hyperlink] (EU), and others have supplied many forms of security assistance to Ukraine in the weeks since Russia's invasion. Recent [hyperlink] U.S. assistance [hyperlink] to Ukraine, discussed in an earlier In Focus [hyperlink], ranges from ammunition to anti-aircraft weapons to communications systems. At the same time, the United States has stopped short of sending some military equipment requested [hyperlink] by Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky, such as combat aircraft [hyperlink]. Deciding which arms to provide raises a variety of legal, political, and practical considerations, including the potential for escalation [hyperlink] with Russia, the Ukrainian military's capacity to operate the equipment, and the risk that Russia could reverse engineer [hyperlink] captured equipment. While international law is just one facet of this calculus, media outlets report that the Biden Administration discussed questions [hyperlink] about the legality [hyperlink] of U.S. security assistance, and observers [hyperlink] have analyzed [hyperlink] whether supplying arms could violate the international law of neutrality. International neutrality law governs [hyperlink] the legal relationship between countries that are not taking part in an international armed conflict ('neutral states') and those that are engaged in such a conflict ('belligerents'). The international community developed the principles of the international law of neutrality in an era before the Charter of the United Nations (U.N.) prohibited [hyperlink] using force as a tool to resolve international conflict. Scholars have described the law of neutrality as an 'old body of law' [hyperlink] with a 'slightly musty quality' [hyperlink] that does not always translate to modern warfare."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Mulligan, Stephen P.
2022-04-26
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Mistreatment of Military Families in Privatized Housing
From the Executive Summary: "During service to the nation, America's military service members and their families may live in on-base housing across the country. Nearly all of the family housing on military installations are operated by private companies, and service members pay rent to these companies with taxpayer dollars. The U.S. Senate Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations ('Subcommittee' or 'PSI') has uncovered ongoing mistreatment of these service members and their families and mismanagement by one of the largest private military housing companies -- Balfour Beatty Communities, LLC ('Balfour') -- that has put the health and safety of military families at risk. Balfour operates more than 43,000 on-base homes at 55 separate Army, Navy, and Air Force bases in 26 states serving approximately 150,000 residents. PSI's eight month-long inquiry found numerous instances between November 2019 and February 2022 where Balfour's executives and managers failed to properly respond to both repairs and environmental hazards such as mold in homes on two military bases -- the Fort Gordon Army Base in Georgia ('Ft. Gordon'), where Balfour operates approximately 1,000 homes, and Sheppard Air Force Base in Texas ('Sheppard AFB'), where Balfour operates an estimated 700 homes. The PSI review was a case study of these bases, particularly Ft. Gordon. Balfour's failures in these instances exposed military service members and their families living on these bases to hazards that jeopardized their health and safety."
United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs. Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations
2022-04-26
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Design of a Vaccine Passport Validation System Using Blockchain-Based Architecture: Development Study
From the Abstract: "COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] is an ongoing global pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 [severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2]. As of June 2021, 5 emergency vaccines were available for COVID-19 prevention, and with the improvement of vaccination rates and the resumption of activities in each country, verification of vaccination has become an important issue. Currently, in most areas, vaccination and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test results are certified and validated on paper. This leads to the problem of counterfeit documents. Therefore, a global vaccination record is needed. [...] The main objective of this study is to design a vaccine passport (VP) validation system based on a general blockchain architecture for international use in a simulated environment. With decentralized characteristics, the system is expected to have the advantages of low cost, high interoperability, effectiveness, security, and verifiability through blockchain architecture." This article was originally published on the Journal of Medical Internet Research (JMIR) Public Health and Surveillance website: [https://publichealth.jmir.org/2022/4/e32411].
JMIR Publications
Lee, Hsiu An; Wu, Wei-Chen; Kung, Hsin-Hua . . .
2022-04-26
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Fact Sheet: The Domestic Counter-Unmanned Aircraft Systems National Action Plan
From the Document: "Today, the Biden Administration is releasing the first whole-of-government plan to address UAS [unmanned aircraft systems] threats in the Homeland. Through the 'Domestic Counter-Unmanned Aircraft Systems National Action Plan,' the Administration is working to expand 'where' we can protect against nefarious UAS activity, 'who' is authorized to take action, and 'how' it can be accomplished lawfully. The Plan seeks to achieve this legitimate expansion while safeguarding the airspace, communications spectrums, individual privacy, civil liberties and civil rights. To achieve this balance, the Administration is calling on Congress to adopt legislation to close critical gaps in existing law and policy that currently impede government and law enforcement from protecting the American people and our vital security interests."
United States. Office of the White House Press Secretary
2022-04-25
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Arms Control and Nonproliferation: A Catalog of Treaties and Agreements [Updated April 25, 2022]
From the Summary: "Arms control and nonproliferation efforts are two of the tools that the United States has occasionally used to implement its national security strategy. Although some believe these tools do little to restrain the behavior of U.S. adversaries, while doing too much to restrain U.S. military forces and operations, many others see them as an effective means to promote transparency, ease military planning, limit forces, and protect against uncertainty and surprise. Arms control and nonproliferation efforts have produced formal treaties and agreements, informal arrangements, and cooperative threat reduction and monitoring mechanisms. After the end of the Cold War, the pace of implementation for many of these agreements slowed during the Clinton Administration. The Bush Administration usually preferred unilateral or ad hoc measures to formal treaties and agreements to address U.S. security concerns. The Obama Administration resumed bilateral negotiations with Russia and pledged its support for a number of multilateral arms control and nonproliferation efforts, but succeeded in negotiating only a few of its priority agreements. The Trump Administration withdrew the United States from the INF Treaty and the Open Skies Treaty. It did not support the full five-year extension of the New START Treaty but did seek to negotiate a short-term extension during the latter half of 2020. These talks failed to produce an agreement. It also advocated discussions on a future treaty that would limit all types of U.S., Russian, and Chinese nuclear weapons, but most arms control analysts doubt that China would participate in this process. The Biden Administration supported the full five-year extension of New START and reached an agreement with Russia that took effect on February 3, 2021."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Woolf, Amy F.; Kerr, Paul K.; Nikitin, Mary Beth Dunham
2022-04-25
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Navy Next-Generation Attack Submarine (SSN[X]) Program: Background and Issues for Congress [Updated April 25, 2022]
From the Introduction: "The Navy wants to begin procuring a new class of nuclear-powered attack submarine (SSN), called the Next-Generation Attack Submarine or SSN(X), in the mid-2030s. The SSN(X) would be the successor to the Virginia-class SSN design, which the Navy has been procuring since FY1998. The Navy's proposed FY2023 budget requests $237.0 million in research and development funding for the SSN(X) program."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
O'Rourke, Ronald
2022-04-25
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Navy TAGOS-25 (Previously TAGOS[X]) Ocean Surveillance Shipbuilding Program: Background and Issues for Congress [Updated April 25, 2022]
From the Introduction: "The first of a planned class of seven new TAGOS-25 class ocean surveillance ships was procured in FY2022 at a cost of $434.4 million. The Navy wants to procure the second ship in the class in FY2025. The Navy's proposed FY2023 budget requests no procurement funding for the program."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
O'Rourke, Ronald
2022-04-25
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National Hurricane Center Forecast Verification Report: 2021 Hurricane Season
From the Abstract: "There were 394 official forecasts issued during the 2021 Atlantic hurricane season, which is above the long-term average number of forecasts and a similar level of activity as the 2016-2018 seasons. The mean NHC official track forecast errors in the Atlantic basin were close to or below their previous 5-yr means. Records for track accuracy were set from 48-72 h in 2021. Track forecast errors have decreased significantly over the long term, but there has been less improvement during the past several years. [...] A three-year evaluation from 2019-21 in the eastern North Pacific indicates that the official track forecasts were very skillful, and had skill levels close to the consensus models. Regarding intensity, the official forecasts during the 3-yr sample performed as good as or better than the consensus aids. HMNI [Previous cycle HMON, adjusted] was the best individual model for the short lead times, and DSHP [SHIPS with inland decay] was best at 96 and 120 h. Quantitative probabilistic forecasts of tropical cyclogenesis are expressed in 48 and 120 h time frames in 10% increments and in terms of categories ('low', 'medium', or 'high'). In the Atlantic basin, results from 2021 indicate that the probabilistic forecasts were generally well calibrated at most probabilities for both the 48- and 120-h forecasts. In the eastern North Pacific basin, a slight low bias existed at most ranges for the 120-h probabilistic forecasts."
National Hurricane Center (2012- ); United States. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
Cangialosi, John P.
2022-04-25
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'Unrestricted Warfare' is Not China's Master Plan
From the Introduction: "The book 'Unrestricted Warfare' (UW), published in 1999 by People's Liberation Army officers Qiao Liang and Wang Xiangsui has been thoroughly discussed and lauded by many in the West as an important document for understanding the Chinese strategic perspective. An article published in 'War on the Rocks' went as far as to say the authors, 'were about a decade and a half before their time.' In many universities and other higher learning institutions excerpts from the book are assigned and studied. NewsMax Media, Medina University Press International and Natraj Publishers even added 'China's Master Plan to Destroy America' as a subtitle. Shadow Lawn Press' 2017 publication of UW depicted a woman representing the U.S. sleeping with the words, 'Wake Up, America! China's Master Plan to Destroy America'. Overall, since UW's publication in English, the book has been used and cited many times as an important work in understanding China's military strategy. The narrative that UW represents an authoritative source that provides valuable insight the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) follows is extremely problematic. The book is unoriginal, not authoritative, both the authors themselves and examples from history contradict their thesis and much of the writing is designed to sound profound, but falls flat under closer examination. Moreover, the authors do not provide an applicable plan for a military to follow. While the book has certainly been popular and widely cited, this does not validate it. Understanding the PLA's strategic thinking is complicated and continues to evolve. A book written in the 90s does not hold the answers to China's 'Master Plan'."
China Aerospace Studies Institute (U.S.)
Baughman, Joshua
2022-04-25
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H. Doc. 117-113: Declaration of National Emergency and Invocation of Emergency Authority Relating to the Regulation of the Anchorage and Movement of Russian-Affiliated Vessels to United States Ports, April 25, 2022
From the Document: "Pursuant to the National Emergencies Act [..] and section 1 of title II of Public Law 65-24, ch. 30, June 15, 1917, as amended [...], I hereby report that I have issued a proclamation with respect to the policies and actions of the Government of the Russian Federation to continue the premeditated, unjustified, unprovoked, and brutal war against Ukraine, which constitute a national emergency by reason of a disturbance or threatened disturbance of international relations of the United States. The proclamation prohibits Russian-affiliated vessels from entering into United States ports with limited exceptions for Russian-affiliated vessels used in the transport of source material, special nuclear material, and nuclear byproduct material for which, and for such time as, the Secretary of Energy, in consultation with the Secretary of State and the Secretary of Commerce, determines that no viable source of supply is available that would not require transport by Russian-affiliated vessels; and for Russian-affiliated vessels requesting only to enter United States ports due to force majeure, solely to allow seafarers of any nationality to disembark or embark for purposes of conducting crew changes, emergency medical care, or for other humanitarian need. The proclamation also authorizes the Secretary of Homeland Security to make and issue such rules and regulations as the Secretary may find appropriate to regulate the anchorage and movement of Russian-affiliated vessels, and delegates to the Secretary my authority to approve such rules and regulations, as authorized by the Magnuson Act. I am enclosing a copy of the proclamation I have issued."
United States. Government Publishing Office
2022-04-25
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U.S. Immigration Courts and the Pending Cases Backlog [April 25, 2022]
From the Introduction: "Immigration court proceedings, appellate reviews, and administrative hearings are adjudicated by the Executive Office for Immigration Review (EOIR), an agency within the U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ), under authority delegated by the Attorney General. Immigration courts are not part of the federal judiciary. [...] This report begins by outlining EOIR's adjudicatory components. It then describes the process for removal proceedings, which are the most common proceedings in immigration courts. It also describes bond proceedings for individuals detained during removal proceedings. Next, the report discusses key policy topics related to removal proceedings, including respondents' access to legal representation and 'in absentia' removal orders. The second half of the report focuses on the backlog of pending cases, factors associated with the backlog, proposed solutions for addressing it, and related debates."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Straut-Eppsteiner, Holly
2022-04-25
