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2022 Agency Equity Plan Related to Executive Order 13985

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From the Executive Summary: "The U.S. Department of Education (Department) has an opportunity and a responsibility to support states, districts, schools, institutions of higher education, educators, families and, ultimately, students in delivering on America's promise of education. Its stated mission is to promote student achievement and preparation for global competitiveness by fostering educational excellence and ensuring equal access. To fulfill this mission, the agency must embed equity throughout its operations and mission to meet the needs of every learner. [...] Consistent with the priorities of the Biden-Harris Administration, the Department has and is focused on strengthening the agency's processes, policies, strategies, and culture to ensure equity is the foundation upon which all decisions and protocols rest, and to strengthen the agency's work and build on its impact. We further recognize that in order to maximize opportunities to promote and implement equity throughout the work of the agency and do the work at the level in which we are most swiftly and efficiently garnering change, we require resources--including increased workforce capacity. In this way, we can guarantee that the transformative changes last long beyond the life of Executive Order 13985 and uphold our mission of ensuring equal access in educational opportunities and excellence for all students."

United States. Department of Education

2022-04-14?
U.S. Department of the Interior Equity Action Plan

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From the Executive Summary: "Executive Order 13985, 'Advancing Racial Equity and Support for Underserved Communities Through the Federal Government', calls on the U.S. Department of the Interior (DOI, the Department) to advance equity so that it is not just an ideal, but a principle that is reflected in how the Department serves the American people and fulfills its mission. By embedding equity in its operations, policies, and decision-making process, the Department is committed to equitable treatment of all individuals, regardless of race, color, national origin, age, sex (including gender identity and sexual orientation), religion, or disability. The Department is proud to put forward this Equity Action Plan, which lays out the foundation to achieve outcomes that remove barriers to equal opportunity and deliver resources and benefits equitably to all."

United States. Department of the Interior

2022-04-14
Department of Justice: Equity Action Plan 2022

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From the Executive Summary: "The Department of Justice's mission is to 'enforce the law and defend the interests of the United States according to the law; to ensure public safety against threats foreign and domestic; to provide federal leadership in preventing and controlling crime; to seek just punishment for those guilty of unlawful behavior; and to ensure fair and impartial administration of justice for all Americans.' As the Attorney General has explained: 'Advancing equal justice under law is a core principle of the Department of Justice. Established during Reconstruction, in the aftermath of the Civil War, the Department's first mission was to secure the civil rights promised by the 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments.' Since then, the Department has continued its foundational work of ensuring that no individuals are denied the freedoms and protections guaranteed by the Constitution. Since January 20, 2021, the Department has taken many steps to advance equity for marginalized and underserved communities. The Department has prioritized five action items to further advance that work[.] [...] The Department believes each of these action items will substantially advance equity and civil rights and, further, will promote public safety by increasing trust and communication between the Department and the communities it serves."

United States. Department of Justice

2022-04-14?
Bahamas: An Overview [Updated April 13, 2022]

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From the Document: "The Bahamas, a Caribbean nation of some 700 islands off the southeast coast of the United States, has been a stable parliamentary democracy since its independence from the United Kingdom (UK) in 1973. The country's bicameral legislature has a 39-seat House of Assembly directly elected for five-year terms and a 16-member appointed Senate. [...] Current Prime Minister Philip Davis led the PLP [Progressive Liberal Party] to a landslide electoral victory in September 2021, winning 32 House of Assembly seats; the FNM [Free National Movement], now led by Michael Pintard, who serves as leader of the opposition, won 7 seats. The difficult economic situation, brought about by the damage caused by Hurricane Dorian in 2019 and, beginning in 2020, the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, was a key factor that led to the PLP's win in 2021. National elections are next due by 2026."

Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service

Sullivan, Mark P.

2022-04-13
Management Alert - FEMA's COVID-19 Funeral Assistance Operating Procedures Are Inconsistent with Previous Interpretation of Long-Standing Regulations for Eligible Funeral Expenses

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From the Summary of Issues: "We are issuing this management alert to advise the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) that its Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Funeral Assistance Program operating procedures are inconsistent with FEMA's previous interpretation of long-standing regulations for ineligible funeral expenses established in FEMA's 'Individual Assistance Program and Policy Guide' (IAPPG). This interpretation of regulations for ineligible funeral expenses remains unchanged in FEMA Policy 104-21-0001 (COVID-19-specific policy). During our ongoing audit of the COVID-19 Funeral Assistance Program, we determined, and verified through analyzing a sample of completed program applications, that FEMA regularly reimburses applicants for expenses expressly excluded from funeral assistance in the IAPPG. Due to the unprecedented size of this program and the uncertainty surrounding the duration of the COVID-19 pandemic, FEMA must take action to curb reimbursement of ineligible expenses to avoid further waste and abuse of taxpayer dollars."

United States. Department of Homeland Security. Office of Inspector General

2022-04-13
Coast Guard Cutter Procurement: Background and Issues for Congress [Updated April 13, 2022]

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From the Introduction: "This report provides background information and potential oversight issues for Congress on the Coast Guard's programs for procuring 8 National Security Cutters (NSCs), 25 Offshore Patrol Cutters (OPCs), and 64 Fast Response Cutters (FRCs). The Coast Guard's proposed FY2023 budget requests $60.0 million, $650.0 million, and $16.0 million in procurement funding, respectively, for the NSC, OPC, and FRCs programs. The issue for Congress is whether to approve, reject, or modify the Coast Guard's funding requested and acquisition strategies for the NSC, OPC, and FRC programs. Congress's decisions on these three programs could substantially affect Coast Guard capabilities and funding requirements, and the U.S. shipbuilding industrial base. The NSC, OPC, and FRC programs have been subjects of congressional oversight for many years, and were previously covered in other CRS [Congressional Research Service] reports dating back to 1998 that are now archived."

Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service

O'Rourke, Ronald

2022-04-13
Russia's War in Ukraine: Military and Intelligence Aspects [April 13, 2022]

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From the Introduction: "Russia's full-scale invasion of neighboring Ukraine in February 2022 marked the start of Europe's deadliest armed conflict in decades. It also prompted intensive international efforts to respond to the war. Multiple Members of Congress have engaged with U.S. and international measures, including by considering sanctions against Russia, providing assistance to Ukraine, and bolstering support to neighboring NATO countries. The immediate and long-term implications of the war are likely to be far-reaching, affecting numerous policy dimensions of concern to Congress. This report addresses military and intelligence aspects of Russia's war in Ukraine, which are of interest to many in Congress as Congress considers various legislative measures and conducts oversight of U.S. policy. It provides an overview of the conflict, including the run-up to the invasion, the performance and conduct of the Russian and Ukrainian militaries, possible Russian intentions, and recent developments."

Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service

Bowen, Andrew S.

2022-04-13
Evaluation of the Department of Defense's Efforts to Address the Climate Resilience of U.S. Military Installations in the Arctic and Sub-Arctic

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From the Finding: "U.S. military installation leaders at the six Arctic and sub-Arctic installations we visited did not conduct installation resilience assessments and planning required by DoD directive and public law. DoD Directive 4715.21, 'Climate Change Adaptation and Resilience' (2016), requires DoD Components to integrate climate change considerations into DoD Component policy, guidance, plans, and operations. In addition, 10 U.S.C. § 2864 (2020) requires commanders of major military installations to identify, assess, and develop plans to address military installation resilience and environmental risks and threats to assets, infrastructure, and mission. However, most installation leaders at the six installations we visited in the Arctic and sub-Arctic region were unfamiliar with military installation resilience planning requirements, processes, and tools, and did not comply with requirements to identify current and projected environmental risks, vulnerabilities, and mitigation measures or incorporate these considerations into plans and operations."

United States. Department of Defense. Office of the Inspector General

2022-04-13
Foreign Direct Investment: Background and Issues [Updated April 13, 2022]

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From the Document: "Both inward and outward foreign direct investment (FDI) are significant to the U.S. economy, international trade, and global supply chains, and form a key component of U.S. trade policy. Traditionally, the United States has supported a rules-based and open investment environment domestically and internationally to promote U.S. economic growth and other policy objectives, such as ensuring that the United States remains a premier destination for FDI and ensuring the competitiveness of U.S companies overseas. [...] At the intersection of many competing interests, U.S. investment policy has been the subject of long-standing debate. [...] Congress could examine several aspects of U.S. FDI policy, including the effects of FDI on the U.S. economy, firms, workers, and U.S. supply chains; further reforms to foreign investment reviews and whether to require greater transparency and oversight of U.S outbound investment; U.S. investment policy objectives and commitments in FTAs [free trade agreements] and BITs [bilateral investment treaties], and new initiatives; trading partner FDI policies and trade barriers; and the effectiveness of investment promotion programs."

Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service

Akhtar, Shayerah Ilias; Cimino-Isaacs, Cathleen D.; Schwarzenberg, Andres B.

2022-04-13
Role of International Tribunals in the Response to the Invasion of Ukraine [Updated April 13, 2022]

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From the Document: "The Ukrainian government and much [hyperlink] of the international community contend that actions taken by Russian forces following its February 2022 invasion of Ukraine violate international law. A number of officials have also expressed concern that actions during the invasion may amount to war crimes and crimes against humanity [hyperlink]; others, including the Secretary General of the United Nations [hyperlink] (U.N.) and the U.S. Secretary of State [hyperlink] have claimed that the situation in Ukraine is leading to increased human rights violations. This Sidebar addresses the role of international tribunals in addressing issues involving international humanitarian and human rights law."

Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service

Hart, Nina M.; Mulligan, Stephen P.

2022-04-13
U.S. Department of Energy's Equity Action Plan

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From the Executive Summary: "The Department of Energy (hereinafter DOE or the Department) is responsible for ensuring the Nation's security and prosperity by addressing its energy, environmental and nuclear challenges through transformative science and technology solutions. [...] Executive Order (EO) 13985, 'Advancing Racial Equity and Support for Underserved Communities Through the Federal Government', provides an opportunity for the Department to examine its internal processes and programs to ensure that the agency eliminates barriers to access; transform programs and policies to open even broader pathways for underrepresented groups to access DOE resources; and stand up new programs to better serve communities. EO 13985 provides an opportunity for the Department to continually strive for equity across its mission areas. Moreover, these actions and ongoing efforts will position DOE as a critical partner within an all-of-government approach to tackling the climate crisis. EO 13985--focused on equity within the Department's functions and programs--dovetails with the Department's efforts to ensure that 40% of the benefits of its clean energy, energy efficiency, and climate programs flow to underserved communities (the Justice40 Initiative) and provides the blueprint for delivering on the historic Justice40 Initiative."

United States. Department of Energy

Baker, Shalanda H.

2022-04-13?
Unmanned Aircraft Systems: Current and Potential Programs [April 13, 2022]

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From the Summary: "Since the dawn of military aviation, the U.S. military has been interested in remotely piloted aircraft. Present-day unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) typically consist of an unmanned aircraft vehicle (UAV) paired with a ground control station. UAS have become ubiquitous in U.S. military operations since the 1990s with the introduction of the MQ-1 Predator. The U.S. military currently employs several different large UAS, including [1] the Army's MQ-1C Gray Eagle, [2] the Air Force's MQ-9 Reaper, [3] the Navy's MQ-25 Stingray, [4] the Air Force's RQ-4 Global Hawk, [5] the Navy's MQ-4C Triton, and [6] the Air Force's RQ-170 Sentinel. In addition, several other reported programs are either in development or currently undergoing experimentation. These programs include the Air Force's B-21 Raider and the Air Force's RQ-180. As Congress performs its oversight and authorization functions, it may consider several potential issues associated with UAS programs, including [1] the cost of manned versus unmanned aircraft, [2] a lack of acknowledged follow-on programs of record, [3] the management of UAS acquisitions across the Department of Defense, [4] the interoperation of UAS with existing force structure, and [5] export controls of UAS abroad."

Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service

Hoehn, John R.; Kerr, Paul K.

2022-04-13
U.S. Department of Commerce Equity Action Plan

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"In short, inclusive growth is good economics. We fail to meet our full potential as a nation unless we harness the talents and strengths of all parts of the country, including women, people of color, and others who are too often left behind. In pursuit of the new mission, the Department will drive both external-facing efforts to empower underserved communities in the economy and internal efforts to build a diverse, equitable, inclusive, and accessible organization. The following plan focuses on the Department's commitments to 'Advancing Racial Equity and Support for Underserved Communities through the Federal Government', as directed by Executive Order (EO) 13985. The EO called for federal agencies to assess whether underserved communities face systemic barriers in equitably accessing services and develop a plan for addressing any barriers that were identified through an equity assessment."

United States. Department of Commerce

2022-04-13
Equity Action Plan: U.S. Department of State

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From the Executive Summary: "Addressing systemic racism and strengthening democracy worldwide is a core tenet of President Biden's foreign policy. The U.S. Department of State ('State Department') is the lead foreign affairs agency within the Executive Branch for conducting diplomacy. On January 20, 2021, President Biden issued Executive Order 13985, mandating all federal agencies ensure their missions advance racial equity and support for underserved communities. The State Department established an Agency Equity Team in response to this executive action. [...] The Agency Equity Team outlined five key priorities for integrating E.O. 13985 into the State Department's foreign affairs work: (1) foreign assistance, (2) foreign policy development and implementation, (3) public diplomacy, (4) consular services, and (5) procurement, contracts, and grants. [...] This Agency Equity Action Plan outlines specific actions, metrics, and accountability efforts to improve the State Department's efficiency and effectiveness for successfully integrating E.O. 13985 into all aspects of its foreign affairs mission."

United States. Department of State

2022-04-13
U.S. Department of State: 2021 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices

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From the Webpage: "The annual Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - the Human Rights Reports - cover internationally recognized individual, civil, political, and worker rights, as set forth in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and other international agreements. The U.S. Department of State submits reports on all countries receiving assistance and all United Nations member states to the U.S. Congress in accordance with the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 and the Trade Act of 1974."

United States. Department of State; United States. Department of State. Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor

2022-04-12
ICE Spent Funds on Unused Beds, Missed COVID-19 Protocols and Detention Standards While Housing Migrant Families in Hotels

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From the Document: "We evaluated U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement's (ICE) plans to house migrant families in hotels and how ICE selected a contractor to implement these plans. From April 2021 to September 2021, we conducted remote inspections of the ICE hotel facilities to assess compliance by the contractor, Endeavors, with ICE detention standards and COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] requirements. [...] We made four recommendations to improve ICE's contracting and oversight of hotel facility management and operations."

United States. Department of Homeland Security. Office of Inspector General

Shiffer, John D.; Christian, Stephanie; Stumpf, Ian . . .

2022-04-12
Equity Action Plan Summary: U.S. Department of Justice

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From the Document: "As the Attorney General has explained, 'Advancing equal justice under law is a core principle of the Department of Justice. Established during Reconstruction, in the aftermath of the Civil War, the Department's first mission was to secure the civil rights promised by the 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments.' As the Federal Government's chief law enforcement agency, ensuring that no individuals are denied the freedoms and protections guaranteed by the Constitution is foundational to delivering on DOJ's mission."

United States. Department of Justice

2022-04-12?
Coast Guard Polar Security Cutter (Polar Icebreaker) Program: Background and Issues for Congress [Updated April 12, 2022]

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From the Introduction: "This report provides background information and issues for Congress on the Polar Security Cutter (PSC) program--the Coast Guard's program for acquiring new PSCs (i.e., heavy polar icebreakers). The Coast Guard's proposed FY2023 budget requests $167.2 million in procurement funding for the PSC program and $125.0 million in procurement funding for the purchase of an existing commercially available polar icebreaker that would be used to augment the Coast Guard's polar icebreaking capacity until the new PSCs enter service. The issue for Congress is whether to approve, reject, or modify the Administration's FY2023 procurement funding request for the PSC program, and, more generally, whether to approve, reject, or modify the Coast Guard's overall plan for procuring new polar icebreakers. Congress's decisions on this issue could affect Coast Guard funding requirements, the Coast Guard's ability to perform its polar missions, and the U.S. shipbuilding industrial base."

Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service

O'Rourke, Ronald

2022-04-12
China's Role in the Exploitation of Global Fisheries: Issues for Congress [April 12, 2022]

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From the Introduction: "Illegal, unreported, and unregulated (IUU) fishing and the growing number of overfished global fish stocks have raised environmental and national security issues for Congress and successive U.S. Administrations. In 2019, a nongovernmental organization-led initiative (the Global Initiative Against Transnational Crime) developed an IUU Fishing Index that identified China as the overall worst-scoring coastal country (out of 152 total countries) with regard to IUU fishing practices. By a wide measure, China is the largest single contributor to these concerns because of the scale, range, and behavior of its fishing fleets. [...] Declining domestic fish stocks and an expanding fishing fleet encouraged by national policies are two factors that may be driving IUU fishing by Chinese actors. A significant portion of China's domestic fish stocks have been depleted by overfishing and degradation of coastal habitat. [...] After a brief overview of the state of the current global fisheries and international and regional fisheries management, this report will examine China's fishing practices, including IUU activities and distant-water fishing in select regions. There is also a discussion of potential issues for Congress, including U.S. responses to IUU fishing."

Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service

Vaughn, Bruce, 1963-; Dolven, Ben

2022-04-12
Coast Guard Waterways Commerce Cutter (WCC) Program: Background and Issues for Congress [Updated April 12, 2022]

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From the Introduction: "The Coast Guard's Waterways Commerce Cutter (WCC) program envisages procuring 30 replacements for the Coast Guard's 35 aging river buoy tenders (WLRs), inland construction tenders (WLICs), and inland buoy tenders (WLIs). The Coast Guard wants to award the first contract for constructing the new WCCs in FY2022, and to have the first new WCC be in service by 2025. The WCC program received $67.0 million in FY2022 procurement funding. The Coast Guard's proposed FY2023 budget requests $77.0 million in procurement funding for the program. The issue for Congress is whether to approve, reject, or modify the Coast Guard's proposed acquisition strategy and funding requests for the WCC program."

Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service

O'Rourke, Ronald

2022-04-12
Blockchain: Novel Provenance Applications [April 12, 2022]

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From the Summary: "Blockchain, generally, is a database technology that records and stores information in blocks of data that are linked, or 'chained,' together. Data stored on a blockchain are continually shared, replicated, and synchronized across the nodes in a network--individual computer systems or specialized hardware that communicate with each other and store and process information. This system enables tamper-resistant recordkeeping without a centralized authority or intermediary. There are multiple types of blockchains, and, depending on the type, recorded data may be accessible to all users or only a designated subset. All blockchains share common characteristics, including decentralization (i.e., no centralized authority), immutability (i.e., the blockchain records are unalterable), and pseudonymity (i.e., how users' real-world identities are handled). Certain blockchain types may offer greater levels of decentralization and pseudonymity than others. New blockchain applications, such as smart contracts, non-fungible tokens, and decentralization autonomous organizations, may automate processes or replace intermediaries in a variety of fields. Recent developments in blockchain governance protocols and consensus mechanisms have raised concerns about the environmental impact, oversight, and accountability of blockchain networks."

Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service

Busch, Kristen E.

2022-04-12
First Crisis, Then Catastrophe: Unless G20 Leaders, the IMF and the World Bank Act Immediately, Crises of Inflation, Inequality and COVID-19 Could Push Over a Quarter of a Billion More People into Extreme Poverty in 2022

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From the Summary: "The crises of extreme inequality, unprecedented food and energy price inflation accelerated by the war in Ukraine and COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] are converging to create a catastrophe for the world's poorest people. New Oxfam estimates, building on World Bank projections and prior research conducted by the World Bank and Center for Global Development on food price spikes, show that over a quarter of a billion more people could be pushed into extreme poverty in 2022 . The combined impact of COVID-19, inequality and food price hikes could result in 263 million 'more' people living in extreme poverty this year, resulting in a total of 860 million people living below the $1.90 a day extreme poverty line. This would be an extraordinarily damaging rise that reverses decades of progress in the fight against poverty. [...] The G20 [Group of 20], IMF [International Monetary Fund] and World Bank all meet in the next two weeks. Sticking to the status quo is not without consequence - it will result in harm to people the world over. Amid exceptionally challenging political circumstances, it is urgent that leaders take responsibility to advance action that averts catastrophe for billions of people. And in doing so, they have the chance to show we can rewrite the rules of our economy so that everyone, including the richest countries, richest people and corporations, play their part and pay their fair share of taxes; so that governments have the needed fiscal space and are not servicing their debts at the expense of delivering strong universal public services required to protect their populations at all times but especially in times of crisis; so that decent work exists for all; and so we get on track to stop climate breakdown in the few years that we have left. That is the job of creating a more equal world and that job must begin now."

Oxfam International

2022-04-12
Russia's Invasion of Ukraine: European Union Responses and Implications for U.S.-EU Relations [Updated April 12, 2022]

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From the Document: "The 27-member European Union (EU) has responded with unprecedented unity and speed to Russia's February 2022 invasion of Ukraine. EU policy responses [hyperlink] and coordination with the United States [hyperlink] are of interest to Congress given the EU's role as an important U.S. partner." EU policy responses to the 2022 invasion of Ukraine listed in this document include sanctions, military assistance, helping refugees and providing aid, U.S.-EU cooperation, and U.S. and congressional interests.

Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service

Archick, Kristin

2022-04-12
Followup Evaluation of Report No. DODIG-2019-088, 'Evaluation of DOD Efforts to Combat Trafficking in Persons in Kuwait,' June 11, 2019 (DODIG-2022-082)

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From the Webpage: "Prior to starting this followup evaluation, the DoD OIG [U.S. Department of Defense, Office of the Inspector General] closed 3 of the 22 recommendations from our 2019 report. However, in this followup evaluation, we determined that those 3 recommendations should not have been closed. Specifically, recommendations from the original report to USAFCENT [United States Air Forces Central] related to completing the Alternate I CTIP FAR [Combating Trafficking in Persons Federal Acquisition Regulation] clause, including CTIP-related information and monitoring guidance in QASPs [Quality Assurance Surveillance Plans] and entering contractor past performance information into the CPARS [Contractor Performance Assessment Reporting System], are being reopened. A total of 8 recommendations from the original evaluation are considered open. We also made recommendations that the Commander of Army Contracting Command-Rock Island and the Commander of U.S. Air Forces Central provide verification that the contracts we reviewed during this followup evaluation, listed in Appendixes F and G of this report, contain updated CTIP clauses, with a specific emphasis on the Alternate I CTIP clause, and inclusion of specific Kuwaiti labor law requirements to allow for tailored TIP monitoring."

United States. Department of Defense. Office of the Inspector General

2022-04-12
Definition of 'Frame or Receiver' and Identification of Firearms

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From the Summary: "The Department of Justice ('Department') is amending Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives ('ATF') regulations to remove and replace the regulatory definitions of 'firearm frame or receiver' and 'frame or receiver' because the current regulations fail to capture the full meaning of those terms. The Department is also amending ATF's definitions of 'firearm' and 'gunsmith' to clarify the meaning of those terms, and to provide definitions of terms such as 'complete weapon,' 'complete muffler or silencer device,' 'multi-piece frame or receiver,' 'privately made firearm,' and 'readily' for purposes of clarity given advancements in firearms technology. Further, the Department is amending ATF's regulations on marking and recordkeeping that are necessary to implement these new or amended definitions."

United States. Department of Justice; United States. Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms

2022-04-11?
Equity Action Plan Summary: U.S. Department of Education

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From the Document: "As we enter a new era of possibility for our nation, education must be at the forefront of our recovery, rebuilding, and resiliency efforts. As educator Horace Mann stated, education has the capacity to be the 'great equalizer.' From pre-K through postsecondary and adult learners, education has the power to bring the American Dream within reach of every individual, lift communities, draw people together, strengthen our democracy, drive our economy, and meet our nation's vast potential. To meet this potential, our nation's education system must reckon with and address the long-standing disparities that underserved students and communities face in achieving equal education opportunities. And to fulfill its mission, ED [U.S. Department of Education] must embed equity throughout its operations and mission to meet the needs of every learner."

United States. Department of Education

2022-04-11?
Equity Action Plan Summary: U.S. Department of Treasury

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From the Document: "The American Rescue Plan (ARP) is a $1.9 trillion package of which more than $1 trillion is managed by Treasury to jumpstart the nation's economic recovery. Through its ARP investments, Treasury is working to ensure that families, businesses, and neighborhoods that have been historically excluded from economic opportunities or experienced persistent poverty are fully included in the nation's economic recovery and future growth."

United States. Department of the Treasury

2022-04-11?
Qatar: Governance, Security, and U.S. Policy [Updated April 11, 2022]

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From the Summary: "The State of Qatar, a small Arab Gulf monarchy which has about 300,000 citizens among a total population of about 2.4 million, has employed its ample financial resources to exert regional influence, often independent of the other members of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC: Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Qatar, United Arab Emirates [UAE], Bahrain, and Oman). Qatar has fostered a close security partnership with the United States while engaging with a wide range of actors who are often at odds with each other, including some Sunni Islamists, Iran and Iran-backed groups, and Israeli officials. Some of Qatar's fellow GCC and Arab states object to Qatar's independent foreign policy and the criticism of Arab leaders often seen on its Al Jazeera media network. In June 2017, Saudi Arabia, the UAE, and Bahrain, joined by Egypt and a few other governments, severed relations with Qatar and imposed limits on the entry and transit of Qatari nationals and vessels in their territories, waters, and airspace. The Trump Administration sought a resolution of the dispute, in part because the rift was hindering U.S. efforts to formalize a broad front of Arab states to counter Iran. Following its Arab neighbors' actions, Qatar deepened relations with Turkey and Iran. On January 5, 2021, Saudi Arabia, the UAE, Bahrain, and Egypt agreed to lift the blockade and restore ties, although the UAE although lingering resentments remain, and the UAE and Bahrain have not reopened their embassies in Doha."

Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service

Katzman, Kenneth

2022-04-11
Russia's Trade Status, Tariffs, and WTO Issues [Updated April 11, 2022]

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From the Document: "Following Russia's 2022 invasion of Ukraine, the Senate and House passed H.R. 7108 on April 7 to revoke Russia's permanent normal trade relations (PNTR) status, which provides unconditional, nondiscriminatory, most-favored nation (MFN) treatment to goods and services traded with Russia. President Biden signed the bill into law on April 8. H.R. 7108 suspends PNTR with Russia and Belarus; provides the President authority to further increase non-MFN tariffs through January 1, 2024; and provides the President authority to restore normal trade relations (NTR) under certain conditions. It also directs the U.S. Trade Representative (USTR) to use its 'voice and influence' at the World Trade Organization (WTO) to encourage other WTO members to suspend trade concessions; consider further steps toward suspending Russia from the WTO; and seek to halt Belarus's accession process. Removing Russia's PNTR status increases applicable duties on U.S. imports from Russia, potentially impacting certain sectors reliant on Russian inputs and raising issues under U.S. WTO obligations."

Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service

Cimino-Isaacs, Cathleen D.; Hart, Nina M.; Murrill, Brandon J. . . .

2022-04-11
Racial and Ethnic Equity in U.S. Agriculture: Selected Current Issues [April 11, 2022]

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From the Introduction: "Issues concerning racial and ethnic equity in the United States have increased in profile among the general public, policymakers, and Members of Congress. The media has reported on racial inequity across various sectors and industries, including agriculture. Similarly, Congress has drawn attention to the challenges facing Black farmers and ranchers and other producers of color through hearings, legislation, and oversight of federal agencies. [...] This report reviews actions taken by the 116th and 117th Congresses to enhance equity for producers of color in the United States in the areas of agricultural credit; USDA civil rights complaints; farmland ownership; and USDA research, education, and extension."

Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service

Benson, Lisa S.; Croft, Genevieve K.; Monke, Jim . . .

2022-04-11

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