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• CBO Testimony: The Budget and Economic Outlook: Fiscal Years 2009 to 2019, Statement of Robert A. Sunshine, Acting Director, before the Committee on the Budget, United States Senate, January 8, 2009

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  From the statement of Robert A. Sunshine, Acting Director of the Congressional Budget Office, before the Committee on the Budget, United States Senate, entitled "The Budget and Economic Outlook: Fiscal Years 2009 to 2019" held on January 8, 2009: "The sharp downturn in housing markets across the country, which undermined the solvency of major financial institutions and severely disrupted the functioning of financial markets, has led the United States into a recession that will probably be the longest and the deepest since World War II. The Congressional Budget Office anticipates that the recession--which began about a year ago--will last well into 2009. [...] The major slowdown in economic activity and the policy responses to the turmoil in the housing and financial markets have significantly affected the federal budget. As a share of the economy, the deficit for this year is anticipated to be the largest recorded since World War II. Under the rules governing CBO's budget projections-- that is, an assumption that federal laws and policies regarding spending and taxation remain unchanged--the agency's baseline reflects these key points[.]"

  United States. Congressional Budget Office

  Sunshine, Robert A.

  2009-01-08
• CBO Testimony: Financing Federal Aviation Programs: Statement of Robert A. Sunshine before the Committee on Ways and Means, U.S. House of Representatives, May 7, 2009

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  "Mr. Chairman, Congressman Camp, and Members of the Committee, I am pleased to appear before you today to discuss issues related to financing the activities of the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). My testimony today makes the following main points: In reauthorizing activities of the FAA, particularly modernizing and operating the air traffic control system, the Congress faces a decision about how to split the costs between users of the agency's services and taxpayers. During recent years, about 75 percent to 85 percent of funding for the FAA has come from users of the air traffic control system through various taxes, while the remaining amount has come from the general fund of the Treasury. Under both the Congressional Budget Office's (CBO's) baseline projections and H.R. 915, the FAA Reauthorization Act of 2009, funding for the FAA would continue to exceed aviation-related revenues if current taxes were extended. That arrangement adds to the federal deficit: For the most part, the share of costs borne by taxpayers through appropriations from the general fund represents aviation programs' effect on the deficit. The Airport and Airway Trust Fund (which records both receipts from relevant tax revenues and FAA's spending of those funds) is expected to have an uncommitted balance--that is, the cumulative difference between amounts credited to the fund and the budget authority provided from it--of $0.8 billion at the end of 2009. That balance stood at $2.4 billion at the end of 2004 and has gradually fallen over the past five years."

  United States. Congressional Budget Office

  Sunshine, Robert A.

  2009-05-07
• Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: H.R. 6164, National Institutes of Health Reform Act of 2006

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  From the Summary: "Title I of H.R. 6164 would authorize appropriations for the activities of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) for fiscal years 2007 through 2009. Those costs for implementing the act would total about $90 billion over the 2007-2011 period, but are subject to appropriation of the necessary amounts. The provisions in Title I would not affect direct spending or receipts. Title II, however, would affect direct spending. The remainder of this cost estimate focuses on the legislation's impact on direct spending. Title II of H.R. 6164 would make several changes to the availability of allotments for the State Children's Health Insurance Program (SCHIP). The act would require that all unspent funds from the allotments for fiscal year 2004 and certain unspent funds from the allotments for fiscal year 2005 be redistributed to states that the Secretary of Health and Human Services (HHS) estimates will experience funding shortfalls in 2007. The act also would allow certain states to spend a portion of their SCHIP allotments for fiscal years 2006 and 2007 on children enrolled in Medicaid."

  United States. Congressional Budget Office

  2006-12-27
• Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: H.R. 5689, An Act to Amend the Safe, Accountable, Flexible, Efficient Transportation Equity Act: A Legacy for Users to Make Technical Corrections, and for Other Purposes

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  From the Summary: "H.R. 5689 would make several amendments to the current authorization law for highway programs: the Safe, Accountable, Flexible, Efficient Transportation Equity Act: A Legacy for Users (Public Law 109-59). H.R. 5689 would create new or additional contract authority for magnetic levitation transportation projects, for the National Surface Transportation Policy and Revenue Commission, and for transportation research programs at universities. (Contract authority is a mandatory form of budget authority.) The act also would rescind a portion of unused contract authority in fiscal year 2009, the last year of the current authorization period. In total, the act would reduce contract authority for highway programs by $9 million over the 2007-2009 period. CBO [Congressional Budget Office] expects that spending from the programs mentioned above will be controlled by limits on annual obligations set in appropriation acts. Consequently, the changes in contract authority would not affect direct spending outlays."

  United States. Congressional Budget Office

  2006-09-29
• [Letter from Robert A. Sunshine to Robert C. Byrd regarding S. 3715: The Auto Industry Emergency Bridge Loan Act]

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  This document is the correspondence between CBO Acting Director Robert A. Sunshine and Robert C. Byrd, Chairman of the Committee on Appropriations of the U.S. Senate from December 4, 2008 regarding S. 3715: the Auto Industry Emergency Bridge Loan Act. From the text: "As you requested, CBO has reviewed S. 3715, the Auto Industry Emergency Bridge Loan Act, as introduced on November 20, 2008. That bill would rescind $7.5 billion of funds previously appropriated to the Department of Energy (DOE) to cover the cost of providing up to $25 billion in direct loans to automobile manufacturers and component suppliers pursuant to section 136 of the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (EISA). (That appropriation was designated as an emergency requirement pursuant to section 204(a) of S. Con. Res. 21 and section 301(b)(2) of S. Con. Res. 70, the concurrent resolutions on the budget for fiscal years 2008 and 2009.) Under current law, those funds are available to support loans to cover the costs of capital investments in manufacturing facilities designed to produce vehicles with greater fuel efficiency and reduced emissions. CBO expects such loans will be disbursed gradually over several years."

  United States. Congressional Budget Office

  Sunshine, Robert A.

  2008-12-04
• Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: H.R. 2107, National Law Enforcement Officers Memorial Maintenance Fund Act of 2005

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  "H.R. 2107 (enacted as Public Law 109-314) amends the United States Commemorative Coin Act of 1996 (Public Law 104-329) to authorize the Department of the Interior to enter into a cooperative agreement to transfer all funds in the National Law Enforcement Officers Memorial Maintenance Fund to the National Law Enforcement Officers Memorial Fund, Inc. (a nonprofit corporation). Following the cooperative agreement and the transfer of funds, the corporation will be responsible for managing and maintaining the memorial, including adding names to the site, providing security, and making necessary repairs. To date, the National Park Service (NPS) has had the authority to use the maintenance fund to carry out these functions. Balances in that fund derive from surcharges on the sale of commemorative coins in 1998 and accrued interest. A transfer of balances to the corporation will be recorded as an outlay on the federal budget. Based on information from the NPS, CBO [Congressional Budget Office] estimates that the transfer will increase direct spending by about $1.3 million in fiscal year 2007. After the transfer, we estimate that annual NPS expenditures of less than $50,000 to maintain the memorial will end."

  United States. Congressional Budget Office

  2006-10-13
• Alternatives for Connecting Remote Department of Defense Facilities to the Global Information Grid

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  From the Introduction and Summary: "The Global Information Grid is the communications network that connects Department of Defense (DoD) facilities worldwide. Although it is in daily use, its content continues to evolve. The Defense Information Systems Agency (DISA) is implementing an initiative - called the Global Information Grid Bandwidth Expansion (GIG-BE) - to increase the bandwidth available to DoD users. The initiative is also intended to move DoD from a network backbone owned by a contractor to one owned by the government (the GIG-BE). In addition, the contract that had connected many remote DoD facilities - those not on the backbone - to the network expired in February, and DISA is in the process of replacing it and other, similar contracts with the Defense Information System Network Access Transport Services (or DATS) contract, which will connect remote defense installations in the continental United States to the GIG-BE. Under the DATS contract, DISA envisions using short-term leases (of three years, followed by seven one-year options) to obtain the circuits necessary to connect remote sites to the network. Alternatively, DISA could acquire those circuits by using indefeasible rights of use (IRUs). Leases require periodic payments for the right to use circuits that are provided by private companies. IRUs, by contrast, involve a one-time payment at the beginning of the term for unlimited use of a circuit. The most common term for IRUs is 20 years; because that is also the expected useful life of a circuit, IRUs are considered purchases."

  United States. Congressional Budget Office

  2006-09-15
• Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: H.R. 6111, Tax Relief and Health Care Act of 2006

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  From the Summary: "H.R. 6111 (enacted as Public Law 109-432) makes various changes to tax and trade law. It also makes multiple changes in the Medicare program and provides for additional offshore oil and gas leasing in the Gulf of Mexico. Finally, it amends the Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act. The tax law changes include extending and expanding certain expiring provisions, altering rules for health savings accounts (HSA), and expanding the use of tax credits against the alternative minimum tax. Additionally, H.R. 6111 makes several changes in tariffs and trade law, which include suspending or reducing duties on specific products, extending and altering multiple trade preference programs, and granting permanent normal trade relations (PNTR) status to Vietnam. The Congressional Budget Office (CBO) and the Joint Committee on Taxation (JCT) estimate that the act will decrease governmental receipts by $15.6 billion in 2007, by $36.0 billion over the 2007-2011 period, and by $40.0 billion over the 2007-2016 period. CBO and JCT also estimate that the act will increase outlays by $3.2 billion in 2007, by $5.0 billion over the 2007-2011 period, and by $10.5 billion over the 2007-2016 period."

  United States. Congressional Budget Office

  2006-12-28
• CBO Testimony: Issues in Budgeting for Operations in Iraq and the War on Terrorism: Statement of Robert A. Sunshine, Assistant Director, Before the Committee on the Budget, U.S. House of Representatives, January 18, 2007

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  From the statement of Robert A. Sunshine, Assistant Director: "My statement is based on the Congressional Budget Office's (CBO's) analyses of and research on that issue over the past few years. CBO has been asked, on a number of occasions, to determine how much has been spent and how much might be spent in the future for those activities. This testimony will briefly discuss appropriations and obligations to date for operations in Iraq and the war on terrorism. It will also offer an overview of budgeting and reporting issues."

  United States. Congressional Budget Office

  Sunshine, Robert A.

  2007-01-18
• Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: H.R. 957, A Bill to Amend the Iran Sanctions Act of 1996 to Expand and Clarify the Entities Against Which Sanctions May Be Imposed

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  "H.R. 957 would amend current law to expand the definition of persons who are subject to sanctions for making investments that increase Iran's ability to develop its petroleum resources. The new definition would add financial institutions, insurers, underwriters, guarantors, and any other business organizations, including any foreign subsidiaries, to the list of entities already barred from investing in Iran. The bill also would add several petroleum by-products to the definition of petroleum resources. Finally, the bill would make parent companies that create entities to invest in Iran subject to the same penalties that would apply if the parent company had actually engaged in such activity. The provisions of H.R. 957 would codify existing prohibitions on the private sector that are contained in Executive Orders 12957, 12959, and 13059."

  United States. Congressional Budget Office

  2007-02-27
• Crime, Violence, Discipline, and Safety in U.S. Public Schools in 2019-20: Findings from the School Survey on Crime and Safety

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  From the Introduction: "Using data from the School Survey on Crime and Safety (SSOCS), this report presents findings both on crime and violence in U.S. public schools and on the practices and programs schools have used to promote school safety. SSOCS is managed and funded by the National Center for Education Statistics (NCES). NCES is part of the U.S. Department of Education's Institute of Education Sciences. The study has been fielded eight times, most recently during the 2019-20 school year. The 2019-20 SSOCS (SSOCS:2020) was funded in part by the Department's Office of Safe and Healthy Students. SSOCS collects data from public school principals about violent and nonviolent crimes in their schools. The survey also collects data on school security measures, school security staff, mental health services, parent and community involvement at school, and staff training. SSOCS data can be used to study how violent incidents in schools relate to the programs and practices that schools have in place to prevent crime"

  Institute of Education Sciences (U.S.)

  Wang, Ke; Kemp, Jana; Burr, Riley . . .

  2022-07
• Report on Domestic Violent Extremist Groups and the Recruitment of Veterans

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  From the Executive Summary: "On October 13, 2021, the House Committee on Veterans' Affairs conducted an investigative hearing into domestic violent extremist (DVE) groups and the recruitment of veterans. The hearing had three objectives: 1. To 'define the nature and scope of threats' posed by DVE groups that seek to recruit and radicalize veterans; 2. To 'understand why these groups target veterans' in their recruitment efforts; and, 3. To 'examine some of the risk factors' that may lead a veteran down the path to extremism. This report summarizes key findings as presented by expert witnesses from the hearing. Additionally, the Committee plans to further examine contributory factors that facilitate the recruitment of veterans and to identify resources and opportunities to assist veterans before and after radicalization."

  House Committee on Veterans' Affairs

  Takano, Mark

  2022-03-24?
• Serial No. 107-110: Homeland Security Act of 2002: Hearing and Markup before the Committee on International Relations, House of Representatives, One Hundred Seventh Congress, Second Session including Markup of H.R. 5005, June 26 and July 10, 2002

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  H.R. 5005, the Homeland Security Act of 2002, will make important changes in the way in which these functions and activities are carried out. As introduced, this legislation would transfer to the new Department of Homeland Security authority over the process by which visas for admission to the United States are granted and denied. Yet the legislation would also preserve the role of the State Department, at least for the time being, as the institution whose employees do most of the work on the front lines. It is hard to know in advance how any new arrangement will work, and this is particularly true of an arrangement in which responsibilities will be divided between an established institution and one that has not yet come into existence. But this Committee has a responsibility to report the sections of H.R. 5005 that are within our jurisdiction in the form most likely to achieve the goals of the legislation. The evidence heard at this hearing will enable the Committee to fulfill this responsibility. Also discussed is an estimate of the number of visas, out of millions of applications, which present security issues. Can a structure be devised that will ensure that Homeland Security officers get a close look at every application that may present security concerns, and that consular officers continue to adjudicate all other applications, so that the Department of Homeland Security will be able to focus its time and energy primarily on homeland security? Statements, letters, and materal submitted for the record include those of the following: Marc Grossman, George Lannon, Cynthia A. McKinney, Christopher H. Smith, and Jo Ann Davis.

  United States. Government Printing Office

  2002
• Serial No. 107-105: Biological Warfare Defense Vaccine Research and Development Program: Hearing before the Subcommittee on National Security, Veterans Affairs and International Relations of the Committee on Government Reform, House of Representatives, One Hundred Seventh Congress, First Session, October 23, 2001

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  From the opening statement of Mr. Shays: "We convene this hearing in an unaccustomed place to discuss an unprecedented need for vaccines to protect against the most unnatural outbreaks of disease imaginable, biological terrorism. The anthrax and smallpox vaccine development efforts, and others underway, raise important questions about the future of our national bioterrorism preparedness. How much should current regulatory standards be modified to accommodate development and production of new vaccines? How can the effectiveness of new immunizations be demonstrated when there is no naturally occurring disease to test against? It is not ethical to expose otherwise healthy people to lethal pathogens. In the event an outbreak occurs before a biological defense is fully approved, how will those receiving the inoculation be informed they are using an investigational product? If the official risk/benefit calculation degenerates into little more than 'anything is better than nothing,' how will the public be protected from the flood of useless potions and magic anti-terrorism elixirs sure to appear on the Internet?" This hearing addresses these questions. Statements, letters, and material submitted for the record include those of the following: Anna Johnson-Wineger, Nancy Kingsbury, Janet Heinrich, Sushil K. Sharma, Jack Melling, Stephen G. Sudovar, Una S. Ryan, Tommy G. Thompson, and Christopher Shays.

  United States. Government Printing Office

  2002
• S. Hrg. 107-240: BPA in Promoting Energy Conservation and Renewables: Hearing before the Subcommittee on Water and Power of the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources, United States Senate, One Hundred Seventh Congress, First Session, August 13, 2001

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  The purpose of this hearing is to receive testimony on the role of the Bonneville Power Administration in promoting energy conservation and renewables. From the opening statement of Byron L. Dorgan: "It is clear to me that an energy plan must require some additional use of coal, that is digging, and discovery of oil and natural gas, that is drilling. So digging and drilling is part of a national energy plan, provided that we do that with thoughtful safeguards and thoughtful environmental protection, but if our energy plan is simply drilling and digging and nothing much more than that, it is truly only 'yesterday forever,' and that will not in my judgment represent the best interests of this country." Statements, letters, and material submitted for the record include those of the following: Maria Cantwell, Byron L. Dorgan, Steven Houser, Steven G. Hickok, Sharon L. Nelson, J. Rachel Shimshak, and Harvard P. Spigal.

  United States. Government Printing Office

  2002
• Serial No. 99: Homeland Security Act of 2002: Hearing before the Committee on the Judiciary, House of Representatives, One Hundred Seventh Congress, Second Session on H.R. 5005, June 26, 2002

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  H.R. 5005 would transfer several existing law enforcement agencies, such as the Secret Service, Coast Guard, Customs Service, and Transportation Security Administration into a new department with nearly 170,000 employees. The Judiciary Committee has jurisdiction over the criminal code and all laws affecting the internal security of the United States. The purpose of this new department is to help secure America's internal security, and this Committee has an important responsibility to ensure the new department's law enforcement and crime prevention functions are realized in an effective, efficient, and affordable manner. The bill also shifts antiterrorism-related prevention and emergency management offices within the Department of Justice to the proposed agency. These include the National Infrastructure Protection Center, the Office for Domestic Preparedness and the National Domestic Preparedness Office. Significantly, the Immigration and Naturalization Service, whose organizational limitations and deficiencies have long been the source of concern, would be absorbed by the proposed department. Statements, letters, and material submitted for the record include those of the following: F. James Sensenbrenner, Jr., John Conyers Jr., Tom Ridge, J. Randy Forbes, and Timothy H. Edgar.

  United States. Government Printing Office

  2002
• H. Rept. 107-320: Customs Border Security Act of 2001: Report Together with Dissenting Views to Accompany H.R. 3129, December 5, 2001

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  "The Committee on Ways and Means, to whom was referred the bill (H.R. 3129) to authorize appropriations for fiscal years 2002 and 2003 for the United States Customs Service for antiterrorism, drug interdiction, and other operations, for the Office of the United States Trade Representative, for the United States International Trade Commission, and for other purposes, having considered the same, report favorably thereon with an amendment and recommend that the bill as amended do pass. […] H.R. 3129, as amended, would authorize appropriations for fiscal year FY 2002 and FY 2003 for the U.S. Customs Service, including specific authorization for anti-terrorism, drug interdiction and the prevention of child pornography. The bill would also provide more funding to textile transshipment efforts and assistance to African countries for implementation of the African Growth and Opportunities Act. The bill would further dedicate resources to reestablish the New York Customs offices formerly at the World Trade Center, which were destroyed in the terrorist attack of September 11th, and it would provide more resources to the Northern Border. H.R. 3129 would also authorize full funding for the Customs Automated Commercial Environment. H.R. 3129 would also authorize appropriations for the Office of the United States Trade Representative (USTR) and the International Trade Commission (ITC)."

  United States. Government Printing Office

  2001-12-05
• H. Rept. 107-328: Intelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2002, Conference Report to accompany H.R. 2883, December 6, 2001

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  "The committee of conference on the disagreeing votes of the two Houses on the amendment of the Senate to the bill (H.R. 2883), to authorize appropriations for fiscal year 2002 for intelligence and intelligence-related activities of the United States Government, the Community Management Account, and the Central Intelligence Agency Retirement and Disability System, and for other purposes, having met, after full and free conference, have agreed to recommend and do recommend to their respective Houses as detailed in this report."

  United States. Government Printing Office

  2001-12-06
• S. Rept. 107-118: Water Infrastructure Security and Research Development Act, Report to Accompany S. 1593, December 10, 2001

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  Based on the recommendations of Presidential Decision Directive 63, issued by President Clinton in 1998, the Environmental Protection Agency and its industry partner, the Association of Metropolitan Water Agencies, have established a communications system, a water infrastructure Information Sharing and Analysis Center, designed to provide real-time threat assessment data to water utilities throughout the nation. Through this partnership, the Environmental Protection Agency and the Association of Metropolitan Water Agencies are working to develop generic assessment tools that individual water utilities can use to assess their facilities for potential physical and cyber threats. In October 2001, the Environmental Protection Agency established the Water Protection Task Force to ensure that activities to protect and secure water supply infrastructure are comprehensive and are carried out expeditiously. During that same month, the EPA disseminated information to America's water utilities information about specific steps they can take to protect their sources of supply and their infrastructure. Working with the FBI, EPA also sent notice to local law enforcement agencies asking them to work closely with their local water utilities to provide extra security. The committee intends for S. 1593 to supplement these short-term efforts by focusing on mid- to long-term actions designed to enhance our current water security capabilities.

  United States. Government Printing Office

  2001-12-10
• S. Rept. 107-114: Disaster Relief Workers' Health and Safety, Report to Accompany S. 1621, December 7, 2001

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  "The Committee on Environment and Public Works, to which was referred a bill (S. 1621), to amend the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act to authorize the President to carry out a program for the protection of the health and safety of community members, volunteers, and workers in a disaster area, having considered the same, reports favorably thereon and recommends that the bill do pass. […] S. 1621 amends the Stafford Act by adding section 409. Section 1 of the bill establishes a program within FEMA to monitor and to track the health and safety of persons working in and living around a major disaster area. The section begins by setting out the definitions that will govern the new section 409. The definition of worker includes 'a first responder to a disaster, such as a police officer, a firefighter, and an emergency medical technician.' This definition is not all-inclusive and the President may consider other categories of workers in establishing a program under this section. Other categories may include workers other than 'first responders' called upon to clean, demolish, decommission, and decontaminate the disaster area. The section continues by outlining the proposed program. If the President determines that one or more harmful substances (substances that the President determines may be harmful to human health) are present in a disaster area, the President may carry out a program for the protection, assessment, monitoring, education, and study of the health and safety of community members, volunteers, and workers in the disaster area."

  United States. Government Printing Office

  2001-12-07
• Public Law 107-81: Afghan Women and Children Relief Act of 2001

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  "An Act to authorize the provision of educational and health care assistance to the women and children of Afghanistan." This public law works to reduce the repression of women and children in Afghanistan because of the Taliban regime. Many children in Afghanistan suffer from malnutrition, while women are forbidden to leave home without a male escort. This law works to ensure that assistance is provided in a manner that protects and promotes the human rights of all people in Afghanistan, utilizing indigenous institutions and nongovernmental organizations, especially women's organizations, to the extent possible.

  United States. Government Printing Office

  2001-12-12
• Serial No. 107-108: Issues at the Northern Border: Hearing before the Subcommittee on Criminal Justice, Drug Policy and Human Resources of the Committee on Government Reform, House of Representatives, One Hundred Seventh Congress, First Session, October 29, 2001

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  From the opening statement of Mark E. Souder: "This hearing and the hearing held yesterday at Highgate Springs, VT, are the first in a series of field hearings which will be held by this subcommittee at border crossings and ports of entry throughout the United States. At each such location, this subcommittee will assess the problems facing the Federal agencies, local lawmakers, and community and business leaders, with respect to border policy. We will focus on what new resources are needed for the Federal Government most effectively to administer the border crossing, as well as what new policies could be pursued to ease the burdens being placed on commerce, travel and tourism. We will also explore how the new emphasis on preventing terrorism may affect the ability of these agencies to carry out their other vital missions." Statements, letters, and material submitted for the record include those of the following: Michael Dambrosio, Garry F. Douglas, Carl Duford, M. Frances Holmes, Thomas Keefe, Ronald Stafford, and John M. McHugh.

  United States. Government Printing Office

  2002
• Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: H.R. 2082, Intelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2008

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  From the Summary: "H.R. 2082 would authorize appropriations for fiscal year 2008 for intelligence activities of the U.S. government, for the Intelligence Community Management Account, and for the Central Intelligence Agency Retirement and Disability System (CIARDS). This estimate addresses only the unclassified portion of the bill. On that limited basis, CBO [Congressional Budget Office] estimates that implementing certain provisions of the bill would cost $406 million in 2008 and approximately $730 million over the 2008-2012 period, assuming appropriation of the authorized funds. Enacting H.R. 2082 would not affect direct spending or revenues. The unclassified sections of H.R. 2082 would extend an existing mandate, as defined by the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act (UMRA), on intergovernmental and private-sector entities, but CBO estimates that the costs of the mandate would not exceed the annual thresholds established in that act ($67 million for intergovernmental mandates and $134 million for private-sector mandates in 2007, adjusted annually for inflation)."

  United States. Congressional Budget Office

  2007-05-07
• Critical Skills for National Security and the Homeland Security Federal Workforce Act--S. 1800: Hearing Before the International Security, Proliferation, and Federal Services Subcommittee of the Committee on Governmental Affairs, United States Senate, One Hundred Seventh Congress, Second Session, March 12, 2002

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  From the opening statement of Daniel K. Akaka: "Our math, science and foreign language capabilities in the Federal Government are at risk and there is no quick solution. It has taken years of neglect to reach this deficit in trained workers, and it will take sustained efforts to hire, retain, and retrain employees with critical skills. This hearing discusses S. 1800, the Homeland Security Federal Workforce Act, as a comprehensive, long-term approach to addressing these shortfalls in government. Complementing this legislation is S. 1799, the Homeland Security Education Act, which addresses shortages of those students pursuing degrees in math, science, and critical foreign languages. The Homeland Security Education Act proposes several measures to ensure that government preserves its expertise in matters of national security. This hearing will explore the skills that agencies need to accomplish their current national security missions and how the Homeland Security Federal Workforce Act can help meet the challenges of strengthening these skills in the future." Statements, letters, and material submitted for the record include those of the following: Daniel K. Akaka, Fred Thompson, Thad Cochran, George V. Voinovich, Richard J. Durbin, Ray T. Clifford, Harvey A. Dennis, Sheri A. Farrar, Ginger Groeber, Lee H. Hamilton, Susan S. Westin, Ruth A., Whiteside, Ronald J. Winstead, and a copy of S. 1800.

  United States. Government Printing Office

  2002
• Risk Communication: National Security and Public Health: Hearing Before the Subcommittee on National Security, Veterans Affairs and International Relations of the Committee on Government Reform, House of Representatives, One Hundred Seventh Congress, First Session, November 29, 2001

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  From the opening statement of Christopher Shays: "The draft response protocol for smallpox recently released by the Centers for Disease control and Prevention [CDC], recognizes the significance of public health education and pre-emptive communication as integral parts of an effective outbreak control effort. But in the event of a widespread biological attack, one that threatens agriculture, food supplies, water and human health, who will collect, synthesize and reliably convey complex but critical information to a nervous public? All our witnesses this morning bring important information and expertise to our discussion of better ways to fight terrorism with the simple truth." Statements, letters, and material submitted for the record include those of the following: C. Everett Koop, Kenneth I. Shine, Mohammad Akhter, Joseph Waeckerle, and David Satcher.

  United States. Government Printing Office

  2002
• Native American Voting Rights: Exploring Barriers and Solutions, Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Elections of the Committee on House Administration, House of Representatives, One Hundred Sixteenth Congress, Second Session, February 11, 2020

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  This is the February 11, 2020 hearing on "Native American Voting Rights: Exploring Barriers and Solutions," held before the U.S. House Subcommittee on Elections Committee on House Administration House of Representatives, One Hundred Seventeenth Congress. From the opening statement of Marcia L. Fudge: "We are here today to examine barriers to Native American voting rights. This morning's hearing will shed light on the longstanding disenfranchisement faced by this Nation's first people and potential solutions to right this wrong. The ongoing injustice of voter disenfranchisement in America is far too familiar. Throughout 2019, the Subcommittee on Elections held a series of field hearings across the country to examine the state of voting rights and election administration in America. What we found was an alarming array of hurdles and obstacles to voting that exists for citizens across the country, especially minority groups." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Leonard Forsman, Amber Torres, Doreen McPaul, Patricia Ferguson-Bohnee, Elvis Norquay, and Jacqueline De León.

  United States. Government Publishing Office

  2020
• Administration's Religious Liberty Assault on LGBTQ Rights, Hearing Before the Committee on Oversight and Reform, House of Representatives, One Hundred Sixteenth Congress, Second Session, February 27, 2020

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  This is the February 27, 2020 hearing on "Administration's Religious Liberty Assault on LGBTQ [lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and queer or questioning] Rights," held before the U.S. House Committee on Oversight and Reform. From the opening statement of Carolyn B. Maloney: "Today, we will hear directly from some of our distinguished colleagues who understand the importance of protecting and strengthening rights of all people including the LGBTQ community. We will also hear from witnesses on the forefront of the fight for LGBTQ equality including individuals who have personally felt the impact of anti-LGBTQ discrimination. The Oversight Committee will continue to combat this administration's abuses and we will support our friends and neighbors who are being unfairly targeted by the president and his administration." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Ernesto Olivares, Evan Minton, Sarah Warbelow, Hiram Sasser, and Stan J. Sloan.

  United States. Government Publishing Office

  2020
• State of Public Health Preparedness for Terrorism Involving Weapons of Mass Destruction: A Six-Month Report Card: Hearing Before the Committee on Governmental Affairs, United States Senate, One Hundred Seventh Congress, Second Session, April 18, 2002

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  From the opening statement of Joseph I. Lieberman: "Today, the Committee on Governmental Affairs examines the Public Health System's readiness for a terrorist attack involving biological, chemical, or radiological weapons. This hearing, which was specifically requested by our friend and colleague, Senator Cleland of Georgia, follows up on a session the Committee held last October that exposed a public health system underprepared to respond to a series of biological attacks that had occurred in the form of anthrax sent through the U.S. mail. Today, we are gathered here to ask for a 6-month assessment of the Federal Government's ability to prepare for and respond to a future attack, and specifically for an update on the coordination between public health and law enforcement agencies, which ran afoul of each other in the midst of last year's terror." Statements, letters, and material submitted for the record include those of the following: Jospeh I. Lieberman, Susan M. Collins, Max Cleland, Jim Bunning, Daniel K. Akaka. Margaret Hamburg, Thomas V. Inglesby, Thomas L. Milne, Tommy G. Thompson, Article entitled "Public Health Preparedness," from Science magazine, February 22, 2002, Chart entitled "Bioterrorism Funding for Selected HHS Agencies", "Federal Bioterrorism Preparedness and Response Activities", Chart entitled "Sources of Formal Authorities and Responsibilities of Various Federal Agencies In the Event of Bioterrorism--Executive Documents", and Chart entitled "Sources of Formal Authorities and Responsibilities of Various Federal Agencies In the Event of Bioterrorism--Statutory Authorites."

  United States. Government Printing Office

  2002
• Critical Challenges Confronting National Security--Continuing Encroachment Threatens Force Readiness: Hearing Before the Committee on Government Reform, House of Representatives, One Hundred Seventh Congress, Second Session, May 16, 2002

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  From the opening statement of Mr. Barr: "We need to examine the very most important military benefit that our men and women in uniform require and need to be successful on the battlefield now and in the future, and that is tough, realistic, mission-oriented training. The United States is at WAR and we need to proceed with that in mind. I look forward to hearing from our witnesses today and I expect to hear about the efforts to reform some rather silly Acts that serve as impediments to preparing our warriors for what they face on the battlefiled." Statements, letters, and material submitted for the record include those of the following: Raymond F. DuBois, Jr., Paul Mayberry, Barry W. Holman, Dan Miller, William P. Tangney, Thomas D. Waldhauser, Stephen S. Voetsch, Kerry M. Metz, Jason L. Amerine, Bob Barr, Dan Burton, Thomas M. Davis, Stephen Horn, Thomas S. Jones, Charles W. Moore, Constance Morella, Doug Ose, Christopher Shays, Randall M. Schmidt, William P. Tangney, Edolphus Towns, Robert L. Van Antwerp, and Henry A. Waxman.

  United States. Government Printing Office

  2002
• Critical Infrastructure Protection: Who's in Charge? Hearing Before the Committee on Governmental Affairs, United States Senate, One Hundred Seventh Congress, First Session, October 4, 2001

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  S. Hrg. 107-258: This hearing will examine who in the public and private sector is responsible for ensuring the protection of our Nation's infrastructure. Pertinent topics include Presidential Directive 63, which sets up groups within the Federal Government to develop and implement plans that would protect government-operated infrastructures and calls for a dialogue between government and the private sector to develop a national infrastructure assurance plan that would protect the Nation's critical infrastructures by the year 2003. Statements, letters, and material submitted for the record include those of the following: Max Cleland, Fred Thompson, Jean Carnahan, Susan M. Collins, Robert F. Bennett, George V. Voinovich, Pete V. Domenici, Jim Bunning, John S. Tritak, Ronald L. Dick, Sallie McDonald, Jamie S. Gorelick, Joseph P. Nacchio, Frank J. Cilluffo, and Kenneth C. Watson.

  United States. Government Printing Office

  2002