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Maternal Telehealth Has Expanded Dramatically During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Equity Concerns and Promising Approaches
From the Document: "The maternal mortality crisis in the United States is particularly acute for women of color. Black and indigenous women are two to three times more likely to experience worse maternal health outcomes than white women. Increasingly, structural racism has been recognized as a key driver of maternal health disparities and inequities. This structural racism extends to systems and organizations that provide perinatal care and wraparound health and social services for pregnant and postpartum women with low incomes, many of whom are at highest risk of poor maternal health outcomes. In response to the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic, health systems, including perinatal service and support providers, have been forced to rely on telehealth, or the remote provision of care through telecommunications technology, to reach their clients. This has resulted in remarkable ingenuity, rapid reimbursement changes, and important experiences that can inform the role of telehealth in maternity and postpartum care going forward. At the same time, it has raised critical questions regarding how to ensure equitable access and the provision of high-quality 'virtual' care. Part of a larger 'series' [hyperlink] on the pandemic and maternal health equity, this analysis explores what promising maternal care telehealth practices have emerged during the pandemic, what access and equity concerns surrounding maternal health have arisen in light of increased reliance on telehealth, and what lessons can be applied to a postpandemic future."
Urban Institute
Hill, Ian; Burroughs, Emily
2020-10
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Uneven Recovery Leaves Many Hispanic, Black, and Low-Income Adults Struggling: One in Four Adults Say Their Families Are Worse Off Six Months into the Pandemic
From the Document: "The Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) Act and other legislation provided substantial assistance to households hit hard by the pandemic-induced recession, but much of this assistance was temporary. For the past few months, Congress and the Trump administration have failed to come to an agreement that would provide additional help to families who continue to struggle. Despite some improvement in the labor market since April, recent data reveal slowing job growth and a growing number of workers facing permanent job loss, signaling an immediate need for more federal stimulus. But focusing on aggregate employment statistics alone offers only a partial glimpse into the economic recovery. These data do not directly address how families' economic well-being has changed over the course of the pandemic. In this brief, we assess how adults and their families were faring in September relative to the beginning of March, before the pandemic caused a sharp economic recession. We use data from the second wave of the Urban Institute's Coronavirus Tracking Survey, a nationally representative survey of nonelderly adults conducted September 11-28, 2020, to examine how family employment and financial situations have changed six months into the pandemic and how these changes have differed by race/ethnicity and prepandemic family income. We also explore the financial strategies families are using to cope with job loss and how much support families experiencing job loss are receiving from public and private safety-net programs."
Urban Institute
Karpman, Michael; Zuckerman, Stephen; Kenney, Genevieve M.
2020-10
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Urgent Action Needed to Address Children's Unmet Health Care Needs During the Pandemic
From the Document: "Discussions about unmet health care needs during the pandemic often focus on testing or treatment for COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] itself. But as shortages of testing and hospital capacity have been subsiding, it has become increasingly clear that the pandemic has had dramatic spillover effects on receipt of other health care services. [...] People may delay or forgo care during the pandemic for many reasons. Some reasons are structural; many physicians and clinics closed their offices or restricted in-person visits, particularly in the early months of the crisis (Corallo and Tolbert 2020). But other reasons may include job and associated health insurance losses, transportation and child care challenges, and fears of contracting or transmitting the virus. [...] Because children have generally had both lower infection rates and less severe COVID-19 cases than adults and tend to be healthy overall, their health needs have received less attention during the pandemic. But, growing evidence shows children contracting and transmitting the virus, as well as missing essential preventive care and other diagnostic and therapeutic services unrelated to the coronavirus during the pandemic."
Urban Institute
McMorrow, Stacey; Gonzalez, Dulce; Alvarez Caraveo, Clara . . .
2020-10
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Investigation into the Insurability of Pandemic Risk
From the Executive Summary: "COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] and the draconian shutdown measures adopted by many governments to contain it have plunged the global economy into the deepest recession since the Second World War. For the global insurance industry, too, the pandemic is a severe loss event. Despite this massive strain, initially exacerbated by a steep decline in capital markets, insurers worldwide promptly paid legitimate claims in all areas where pandemic risk was intended to be covered; for example, under life, health and event cancellation policies. In addition, also during the lockdowns, insurers have continued to pay claims and benefits unrelated to the pandemic; for example, in motor, liability and annuities insurance. [...] The extent of correlation and aggregation of pandemic losses for businesses across the globe has put the insurability of pandemic risk in the spotlight. It touches upon the pivotal question of whether pandemics are a type of risk for which the insurance industry can play any kind of role or if this is the type of risk where traditional insurance products are not the solution."
International Association for the Study of Insurance Economics
Schanz, Kai-Uwe; Eling, Martin; Schmeiser, Hato . . .
2020-10
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What Have We Learnt? Overview of Findings from a Survey of Ministries of Education on National Responses to COVID-19
From the Executive Summary: "As part of the coordinated global education response to the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 20219] pandemic, UNESCO [United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization], UNICEF [United Nations Children's Fund] and the World Bank have conducted a Survey on National Education Responses to COVID-19 School Closures. In this joint report, we analyse the results of the first two rounds of data collection administered by the UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS). They cover government responses to school closures from pre-primary to secondary education. The first round of the survey was completed by Ministry of Education officials of 118 countries between May and June 2020, and the second round from 149 countries between July and October 2020. The survey instrument was designed to capture 'de jure' policy responses and perceptions from government officials on their effectiveness, providing a systematic understanding of deployed policies, practices, and intentions to date."
UNESCO; UNICEF; World Bank
2020-10
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'Reasonable Encouragement to Our Home Industry': The Republican Party's Response to the Coronavirus
From the Key Points: "[1] Conservatives and libertarians have criticized congressional Republicans for responding to the coronavirus pandemic with deficit-financed stimulus. [2] While the deficit is no doubt an issue that deserves more attention, Republican responses--particularly the efforts to prop up the business community--are in keeping with the party's long-established ideology. [3] Since its founding, the Republican Party has had a close connection to American business, and, viewed in this light, its response to the coronavirus is consistent with party orthodoxy."
American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research
Cost, Jay
2020-10
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How Are Youth Employment Programs Adapting to COVID-19?
From the Document: "In this Knowledge Brief, we highlight different ways in which youth employment projects in S4YE's [Solutions for Youth Employment] community of practice, the Impact Portfolio [hyperlink], are adapting their strategies and delivery models in response to COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019]. Based on recent and ongoing discussions with our partners, we see six main trends that programs are using to maintain operational and programmatic continuity. These include scaling of virtual operations, crowdsourcing ideas from youth, accelerating remote learning, encouraging youth voice, increased support for micro, small and medium enterprises, and leveraging new growth opportunities. Overall, we see a deepening and widening of the ways our partners are using digital technology to be effective and to reach more youth in these challenging times."
World Bank Group; Solutions for Youth Employment
Singh, Sunamika; Joseph, Kavell
2020-10
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China Maritime Report No. 9: Organizing to Fight in the Far Seas, the Chinese Navy in an Era of Military Reform
From the Introduction: "In recent years, the Chinese military has undergone major organizational reform. While primarily intended to improve the ability of the People's Liberation Army (PLA) to conduct joint operations within the first island chain, the reform also has implications for naval operations outside of East Asia. This report argues that in order to execute a 'near seas defense and far seas protection' strategy, the PLA has taken a two-pronged approach to reforming its forces. On the one hand, the PLA has dramatically strengthened control and employment of its forces in the near seas. On the other, the PLA has also made several changes that set the foundations for far seas operations. This tandem approach acts in some ways as a 'sword and shield,' wherein a consolidated defensive position in the near seas allows offensive forces to project out into the far seas. The report comprises four main parts. First, we discuss the challenges that PLA reform and PLA Navy (PLAN) strategy intend to resolve. Second, we highlight key organizational developments within the PLAN that preceded China's military reform. Third, we outline the primary focus of the reform--i.e., strengthening the PLA's ability to conduct joint operations in the near seas--and examine how this goal has impacted the organizational structure of the PLAN. Lastly, we discuss the known facts of command and control of PLAN forces operating in the far seas."
Naval War College (U.S.). China Maritime Studies Institute
Lee, Roderick; Clemens, Morgan
2020-10
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Has Hunger Swelled?
From the Executive Summary: "The coronavirus pandemic threatened to increase hardship among US households after efforts to slow the spread of COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] through pervasive social distancing and the declaration of a national emergency in March. Economic activity dramatically diminished, and unemployment initially soared. While federal policymakers acted quickly to shore up the safety net, researchers have argued that food hardship spiked in late March and April and then remained elevated. Claims that food hardship has tripled or worse have led to calls for equally unprecedented expansions to safety-net programs. This report shows that such claims are unsupported and result from researchers comparing recent survey estimates to earlier ones from incomparable surveys. We estimate that food insufficiency has increased by 2 or 3 percentage points and stands a bit higher than during the Great Recession. Policymakers' efforts to mitigate hardship have been more successful than critics acknowledge, and future decisions should not assume that hardship is as severe as studies have suggested."
American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research
Winship, Scott Robert; Rachidi, Angela
2020-10
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Exposing Overreach: Harris County
From the Document: "During the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 19] pandemic, state and local officials have been operating under the broad authority granted under Texas Government Code 418. Under this authority, many new rules and restrictions have been placed on Texans and their engagement in everyday activities. Some of these restrictions, such as social distancing guidelines, are grounded in reason and advance a meaningful public health objective. However, some constraints have been less reasonable and more constrictive than necessary. By and large, the most egregious examples of government overreach have occurred at the local level, with well-intentioned but misguided city and county leaders making controversial decisions. One concerning example unfolded in Harris County, Texas."
Texas Public Policy Foundation
Sterling, Shelby; Haugen, Michael
2020-10
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Generation COVID: Emerging Work and Education Inequalities
From the Introduction: "The purpose of this brief paper is to present initial findings from the recently collected LSE-CEP [London School of Economics and Political Science. Centre for Economic Performance] Social Mobility survey, which was undertaken as part of our UKRI [UK Research and Innovation] project 'Generation COVID and Social Mobility: Evidence and Policy'. These are the first results from a project that is producing a detailed assessment of COVID-19's [coronavirus disease 2019] impact on education and economic inequalities and offering an assessment for the longer term consequences for social mobility in the UK. The emerging findings come from a representative random sample of 10,010 individuals aged 16 to 65 who were surveyed between 14 September and 12 October 2020. [...] Alongside the survey findings, we have also analysed economic and education outcomes of individuals in April 2020 in the Understanding Society (USoc) national household panel data. Understanding Society is a Household Longitudinal Study tracking outcomes of 40,000 households across the UK involving approximately 100,000 individuals. Before the pandemic, younger generations were already facing declining absolute social mobility and real wage decline (Elliot Major and Machin, 2018, 2020a). Education inequalities were also widening. Here we present new findings on inequalities in the workplace and the classroom that have emerged following the pandemic." This document includes charts, tables, and graphs to illustrate the text.
London School of Economics and Political Science. Centre for Economic Performance; UK Research and Innovation (Agency)
Major, Lee Elliot; Eyles, Andrew; Machin, Stephen
2020-10
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From Anti-Vaxxers to Antisemitism: Conspiracy Theory in the COVID-19 Pandemic
From the Background: "As the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic forced countries into lockdown, several medical research laboratories began expedited clinical trials in a race to develop a COVID-19 vaccine that would limit the infection rate, death tolls and allow societies and economies to return to some normalcy. More than 150 coronavirus vaccines are in development across the world, including in the United Kingdom, the United States of America, Germany, China, Brazil, Australia, Russia and Israel. For many governments and populations, the ability to vaccinate against COVID-19 would be considered a celebration for public health. Whilst clinical trials usually take between ten and fifteen years to bring a vaccine into public circulation, the global spread of COVID-19 has required vaccine manufacturers to speed up their clinical trial process, before the vaccines are sent to health regulatory agencies such as NICE [National Institute for Health and Care Excellence] for approval. Whilst many remain hopeful for the development of a functioning vaccine, decisions to compress the clinical process by running trial phases simultaneously has generated anxiety about the vaccine's safety among segments of the population. Country-wide and regional lockdowns have exacerbated some individual's levels of anxiety, mental health issues and loneliness, in addition to an increasing amount of time spent on the internet and social media. For many with concerns about public health measures, Facebook groups promoting conspiracy theories provide easy answers to users desiring certainty."
Great Britain. HM Government
Arthurton, Lewis
2020-10
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Economic Consequences of Proposed Pandemic-Related Cutbacks in MTA Transportation Services and Capital Spending
From the Executive Summary: "Since March 2020, the Covid-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic and policies designed to contain it have had a devastating impact of the economy of New York City and the twelve-county region served by the Metropolitan Transportation Authority [MTA]. Among other effects, the pandemic and the associated economic disruption have led to a sharp decline in MTA ridership and revenues. When combined with higher COVID-related costs (for distribution of personal protective equipment and disinfection of all subway and rail cars and buses) these revenue losses have plunged the MTA into the most severe financial crisis in the agency's history. The MTA has said that without $12 billion in new federal aid, the MTA will have to reduce subway and bus service by up to 40 percent in 2021, and commuter rail service by up to 50 percent. The agency will also need to sharply reduce planned capital spending, including major system improvements included in its capital plan for 2020-2024. This report, prepared by the NYU [New York University] Rudin Center for Transportation and Appleseed, a New York City-based consulting firm, provides a preliminary analysis of the dire impact that cutbacks in capital spending and services now being considered would have on the economy of the MTA region in 2021."
Rudin Center for Transportation Policy & Management; Appleseed (Firm)
Moss, Mitchell L.; O'Neill, Hugh
2020-10
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H. Rept. 116-557: Providing for Consideration of the Resolution (H. Res. 1153) Condemning Unwanted, Unnecessary Medical Procedures on Individuals Without Their Full, Informed Consent, and Providing for Consideration of the Resolution (H. Res. 1154) Condemning QAnon and Rejecting the Conspiracy Theories it Promotes, Report to Accompany H. Res. 1164, October 1, 2020
From the Summary: "The resolution provides for consideration of H. Res. 1153, Condemning unwanted, unnecessary medical procedures on individuals without their full, informed consent, under a closed rule. The resolution provides one hour of debate equally divided and controlled by the chair and ranking minority member of the Committee on the Judiciary. The resolution waives all points of order against consideration of H. Res. 1153. The resolution provides that the amendment printed in this report shall be considered as adopted and the resolution, as amended, shall be considered as read. The resolution provides for consideration of H. Res. 1154, Condemning QAnon and rejecting the conspiracy theories it promotes, under a closed rule. The resolution provides one hour of debate equally divided and controlled by the chair and ranking minority member of the Committee on the Judiciary. The resolution waives all points of order against consideration of H. Res. 1154. The resolution provides that H. Res. 1154 shall be considered as read."
United States. Government Publishing Office
2020-10-01
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How Many Americans Have Lost Jobs with Employer Health Coverage During the Pandemic?
From the Introduction: "In response to the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic, most states issued lockdown orders that closed many workplaces and dramatically slowed U.S. economic activity in the spring of 2020. The result was a massive increase in unemployment, which peaked in April at 14.7 percent. During the 15 weeks from mid-March to the end of June, Americans filed nearly 49 million new claims for unemployment benefits. The strong link between employment and health insurance coverage has important implications for Americans' insurance coverage and access to health care. Employer-sponsored health insurance (ESI) is the most common form of health insurance in the United States. In March 2019, 69 percent of the 152 million workers age 16 and older had ESI, meaning that 175 million workers and their dependents had coverage. But if millions of workers and their dependents have lost ESI during the pandemic, we would expect increased enrollment in COBRA (Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act) continuous coverage, Affordable Care Act (ACA) marketplace plans, and Medicaid, as well as an increase in the number of uninsured. The path from loss of a job with ESI to loss of health insurance is not simple and depends on three factors."
Commonwealth Fund
Fronstin, Paul; Woodbury, Stephen A.
2020-10
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COVID-19's Impact on Older Workers: Employment, Income, and Medicare Spending
From the Introduction: "From the earliest days of the pandemic, COVID-19's [coronavirus disease 2019] disproportionate impact on the health of people age 65 and older -- in rates of infection, hospitalization, and death -- has been painfully apparent. Yet the pandemic's impact on the financial well-being of older people -- in terms of employment, income, and health insurance coverage -- has received little, if any, attention. To fill that gap, this issue brief describes the demographics of older workers and assesses their pandemic-related loss of employment, income, and employer-sponsored health insurance coverage. It also considers the potential effect of these losses on federal spending for Medicare."
Commonwealth Fund
Jacobson, Gretchen A.; Feder, Judith M.; Radley, David C.
2020-10
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Awaiting the Signal: Assessing the Efficacy of COVID-19 Vaccines
From the Document: "The global campaign to identify effective vaccines against COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] has entered the final stage of testing for regulatory approval--Phase III trials--for several promising candidates. Evaluation will be guided by criteria established by the Food and Drug Administration and the World Health Organization. The minimum threshold for efficacy is observed reduction of disease incidence of at least 50 percent, with high statistical confidence of efficacy above a minimum of 30 percent. Full safety reviews of the vaccine candidates may take several months, to ensure any adverse events are given sufficient time to become evident and then studied. For efficacy, however, statistically valid determinations can be made after approximately 150 confirmed cases of COVID-19 among trial participants, which may occur relatively quickly given the prevalence of the virus in many communities. Consequently, on the question of whether a vaccine works to prevent progression from the virus to the disease, a clear signal is likely to occur in a few months after the trial begins rather than over the longer time frames that may be necessary for evaluation of their safety profiles."
American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research
Capretta, James C.; Ganz, Scott C.
2020-10
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AAF Exchange -- Ep. 50: The Economic Impact of the COVID-19 Crisis (Pt.27) [audio]
From the Webpage: "AAF [American Action Forum] President Douglas Holtz-Eakin discusses the first presidential debate, the views of President Trump and Vice President Biden on health care coverage, and continuing negotiation over federal aid amid the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic in this episode of the AAF Exchange."
American Action Forum
2020-10-01
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Crime Analysis Assessment Summary
From the Introduction: "The Bureau of Justice Assistance (BJA) National Public Safety Partnership (PSP) program provides an innovative framework for the US Department of Justice (DOJ) to enhance its support of state, tribal, and local law enforcement officers and prosecutors in the investigation, prosecution, and deterrence of violent crime, especially crime related to gun violence, gangs, and drug trafficking. Departments and agencies interested in improving their violent crime reduction capacity participate in BJA-sponsored reviews of departmental functions (crime analysis, grants landscape, investigative, technology, etc.) to develop a baseline understanding of their challenges and areas for growth. The crime analysis assessment helps agencies evaluate their capabilities and capacity to analyze and use data to make informed decisions, respond effectively, and prevent crime. The assessment also identifies the various crime analysis training and technical assistance (TTA) opportunities to support agencies in building and enhancing their crime analysis capacities. Nine medium- to large-sized law enforcement agencies across the South, Midwest, and West have completed crime analysis assessments, allowing an opportunity to identify and share common themes, technical gaps, and recommendations found across law enforcement agencies nationwide."
National Public Safety Partnership; United States. Bureau of Justice Assistance
2020-10?
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As If Expendable: The UK Government's Failure to Protect Older People in Care Homes During the Covid-19 Pandemic
From the Document: "COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] has had a devastating impact on older persons living in care homes in England. 28,186 'excess deaths' were recorded in care homes in England between 2 March and 12 June, with over 18,500 care home residents confirmed to have died with COVID-19 during this period. UK government decisions and failures resulted in violations of the human rights of people living in care homes, notably the right to life, to health and to nondiscrimination. From discharging 25,000 patients, including those infected, into care homes; to denying care homes residents admission to hospital and imposing 'do not attempt resuscitation' orders on them without due process, to failing to provide PPE [personal protective equipment] and testing to care homes - older persons living in care homes were abandoned to die. A full, independent public inquiry must be set up without further delay, with an interim phase to commence immediately and report its findings and recommendations by 30 November - so that lessons can be learned and measures swiftly taken to ensure older people in care homes are protected. Certain disproportionate restrictions on care homes visit which are causing so much distress to residents must be urgently addressed, including by making testing available to visitors."
Amnesty International
2020-10
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Summary of Transportation Research Needs Related to COVID-19
From the Background: "The novel coronavirus [disease 19] (COVID-19) has proven a formidable adversary worldwide, with tremendous impact on the United States. The transportation system is an essential element of our response to this pandemic but has also been significantly impacted across all modes, both passenger and goods movement. The term 'pivot' has become popular to reflect that our typical response to anticipated crises does not apply to this threat. We must be innovative and quickly adapt to use available resources in new ways. This environment is where research is needed most. Research will capture what we are learning in real time, how we have responded in individual circumstances, and, over the long term, what we can apply to be better prepared for events like this in the future. Even as we begin this research effort, however, the situation is changing. Areas that were hot spots 3 months ago are no longer the focus of today. Scientists are learning more about this virus and how it spreads every day. Research that is initiated now can take advantage of these immediate lessons learned."
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (U.S.). Transportation Research Board
2020-10
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COVID-19, Civil Commitment, and Ethics
From the Document: "The declaration of a national emergency concerning the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] outbreak on March 13, 2020, has created new challenges for the ethical practice of involuntary civil commitment in psychiatry. For individuals with serious mental illness (SMI), the risks associated with psychiatric hospitalization, as well as those associated with being in the community, are different. Court procedure itself is affected by the requirements of social distancing. Psychiatrists re-main responsible for translating what constitutes an imminent and serious risk to self or others in commitment petitions, with inadequate evidence about determinants of risk. Careful consideration of these matters and their impact is necessary to carry out the civil commitment process during the COVID-19 pandemic. We will specifically focus on non-substance-related civil commitment procedures involving involuntary psychiatric hospitalization during the pandemic."
American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law
Sorrentino, Renee M.; DiCola, Laura A.; Hatters Friedman, Susan, 1975-
2020-10-01
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Transit Agenda for the COVID-19 Emergency
From the Introduction: "When COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 19] first struck in the U.S., the essential nature of transit to American life was bracingly clear: Cities literally could not survive without transit. Transit kept cities functioning during the initial outbreak, enabling millions of workers to reach jobs at hospitals, warehouses, grocery stores, public utilities, and other basic services. At the same time, the effects of COVID-19 pose serious challenges for the continued provision of abundant, reliable, safe transit service. People are justifiably wary of gathering in shared spaces, and even small shifts to car travel will further mire surface transit in congestion that makes service slower and less reliable. The pandemic's disproportionate impact on Black and brown Americans has also called attention to longstanding racial disparities in public health, which transportation systems have contributed to. In responding to COVID-19, transit agencies and city governments must address these disparities to prevent further harm from the virus, and to produce more equitable transportation systems in the long run."
TransitCenter
Fried, Ben
2020-10
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Un Espace pour l'Espoir: IDC, note de synthèse: Aperçu des alternatives à la détention prometteuses dans le contexte du COVID-19
"Les impacts du COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] ont été considérables pour les personnes détenues ou risquant de l'être suite en fonction de leur situation migratoire. Si l'IDC [International Detention Coalition] a mis en évidence de nombreux sujets de préoccupation [hyperlink], elle a également souligné un certain nombre de mesures et de pratiques prometteuses qui montrent que les alternatives à la détention (AD) peuvent servir à réduire les problèmes de santé publique tout en favorisant le respect des normes en matière de droits de l'homme, ainsi que de fourniture et d'accès aux services essentiels."
International Detention Coalition
Phillips, Melissa
2020-10
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Assessment of County Needs in Economic Recovery from COVID-19
From the Overview: "County leaders have witnessed firsthand the impacts of the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic on their neighbors and constituents and are well-informed on needs arising in their local communities. While county governments are uniquely positioned to support recovery efforts, counties, themselves, need support to meet those needs and secure the physical and economic well-being of their residents moving forward. This report outlines what county leaders have identified as primary concerns, priority actions and resources needed to create equitable long-term economic recovery."
National Association of Counties
2020-10
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Stress in America 2020: A National Mental Health Crisis
From the Foreword: "The sheer magnitude of the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] crisis is hard to fathom. As of the published date of this report, the death toll from the COVID-19 pandemic has topped 215,000 in the United States, according to Johns Hopkins University. This is more Americans than died in World War I (116,516 deaths1 ), the Vietnam War (58,2092 ) and the Korean War (36,5163 )--combined. Behind this devastating loss of life is immense stress and trauma for friends and families of those who died; for those infected; for those who face long recoveries; and for all Americans whose lives have been thrown into chaos in countless ways, including job loss, financial distress, and uncertain futures for themselves and their nation. [...] The 2020 Stress in America report summarizes findings on national stress levels and proposes strategies to help us recover from this crisis. APA [American Psychological Association] is committed to helping people emerge from this time in our history poised to embrace and shape a brighter future together."
American Psychological Association
2020-10
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Medicare and Home Health: Taking Stock in the COVID-19 Era
From the Abstract: "Issue: The impact of the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic on Medicare home health has received little attention. Goals: Understand the effects of COVID-19 on Medicare home health beneficiaries, providers, and policies, and examine changes to improve home health care during and after the pandemic. Methods: An analysis of the current Medicare home health sector, including interviews with home health agencies, and a review of recent policy changes. Key Findings: Data on COVID-19's impact on home health are lacking. COVID-19 infection rates among Medicare beneficiaries and the workforce have not been systematically reported during the pandemic. Federal policy changes made in response to COVID-19 have provided financial support to home health agencies, expanded provider licensures to certify use of home health, facilitated wider use of telehealth, and increased flexibility in Medicare Advantage plans."
Commonwealth Fund
Van Houtven, Courtney H.; Dawson, Walter, 1982-
2020-10
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Un Espacio para la Esperanza: Nota informativa de IDC: Resumen de prometedoras alternativas a la detención en la era del COVID-19
"Los impactos del COVID-19 [enfermedad del coronavirus 2019] han sido de gran alcance para las personas en detención relacionada con la migración o en riesgo de ser detenidas. En medio de muchos temas de preocupación [hyperlink] que han sido subrayados por IDC [International Detention Coalition], también hay una serie de respuestas y prácticas prometedoras que demuestran cómo se pueden utilizar las alternativas a la detención (ATD) para reducir los problemas de salud pública a la vez que se apoya el cumplimiento de las normas de derechos humanos y la prestación y el acceso a servicios esenciales. Estas respuestas prometedoras abarcan desde la liberación temporal de la detención y la relajación de onerosos requisitos de informes hasta un mayor uso de cuidados alternativos para niños, niñas y adolescentes migrantes. Destacan cómo existen oportunidades para un uso más amplio de ATD humanas y económicas que han surgido durante la pandemia de COVID-19. Dichas ATD también apoyan medidas de salud esenciales, reduciendo la propagación de COVID-19. Al incluir a los actores que están involucrados y documentan estas respuestas prometedoras a la pandemia, IDC busca aprovechar este impulso para aumentar la aceptación de las ATD y reducir el uso de la detención migratoria."
International Detention Coalition
Phillips, Melissa
2020-10
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Room for Hope: An Overview of Promising Alternatives to Detention in the Era of COVID-19
From the Introduction: "This Briefing Note was informed by data made available between April-August 2020 and highlights a number of promising responses identified through IDC [International Detention Coalition] networks and other open-access sources. The aim of this Briefing Note is to provide a snapshot of when and where changes in the immigration detention landscape have occurred in response to COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019]. In some cases these changes have aligned with rights-based ATD [alternatives to detention] and reinforce the value of the 'Community Placement and Assessment (CAP) model' [hyperlink] as a resource to strengthen migration-management responses, including during times of crisis. In other cases, while integrating some elements of the CAP model, responses have not been grounded in a rights-based ATD or migration policy framework, leading to concerns and gaps which will need to be addressed. As we continue to face deep societal changes due to the prolonged impact of COVID-19, IDC urges that detention as a migration governance approach continues to be challenged. IDC calls for rights-based ATD that are humane, cost effective, comply with public health measures and respect the human rights of migrants, asylum seekers and refugees, and stateless persons."
International Detention Coalition
Phillips, Melissa
2020-10
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Post-Pandemic Natural Resource Management in the Indo-Pacific: 'Adapting USAID's Strategy in the Face of Covid-19'
From the Document: "In late 2019, the novel coronavirus was first detected in Wuhan, China. It is generally agreed that it originated from animal consumption in a market. Increased human interaction with wildlife--be it through the destruction of habitats, the consumption of animals, or other means--increases exposure to diseases, and 58 percent of all pandemics are zoonotic in origin, transmitted through an animal source. COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] should be seen as a wake-up call to the importance of proper natural resource management. Unfortunately, reports are increasingly common that mismanagement of resources is occurring instead as countries and communities react to the virus. Tourism, food, and agriculture sectors have also been significantly impacted by COVID-19 due to lockdowns, social distancing measures, and travel and trade disruptions. As a result, people--especially in the Indo-Pacific region--could return to being increasingly reliant on wildlife, agricultural expansion, logging, and fishing to ensure food security, in many cases in an unsustainable or illicit manner. COVID-19 is currently one of the most prominent threats to the region's environmental security. These vulnerabilities will also likely provide opportunities for China to gain a greater foothold in the region and establish control of valuable natural resources. Although these issues are not new, they are among those most exacerbated by the impact of COVID-19."
Center for Strategic and International Studies (Washington, D.C.)
Runde, Daniel F.; Savoy, Conor M.; Staghun, Janina
2020-10
