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Navy Columbia (SSBN-826) Class Ballistic Missile Submarine Program: Background and Issues for Congress [Updated September 8, 2020]

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From the Introduction: "This report provides background information and potential oversight issues for Congress on the Columbia-class program, a program to design and build a class of 12 new ballistic missile submarines (SSBNs) to replace the Navy's current force of 14 aging Ohio-class SSBNs. The Navy has identified the Columbia-class program as the Navy's top priority program. The Navy wants to procure the first Columbia-class boat in FY2021. The Navy's proposed FY2021 budget requests $2,891.5 million in procurement funding, $1,123.2 million in advance procurement (AP) funding, and $397.3 million in research and development funding for the program. The program poses a number of funding and oversight issues for Congress. Decisions that Congress makes on the Columbia-class program could substantially affect U.S. military capabilities and funding requirements, and the U.S. shipbuilding industrial base."

Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service

O'Rourke, Ronald

2020-09-08
Disaster Relief Fund: Monthly Report as of August 31, 2020 (Fiscal Year 2020 Report to Congress)

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From the Background: "P.L. 116-93 [2020 Department of Homeland Security Appropriations Act ] requires that the FEMA Administrator provide a report by the fifth business day of each month on the Disaster Relief Fund (DRF) that includes a funding summary, a table delineating DRF funding activities each month by state and event, a summary of the funding for the catastrophic events, and the fund exhaustion date, or end-of-fiscal-year balance. P.L. 116-136 [Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act] requires that both projected and actual costs for funds provided by it for major disasters and any other expenses be provided to the House and Senate Appropriations Committees."

United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency

2020-09-08
Management Advisory: FHFA-OIG's Investigation of Allegations of Fraud Affecting Paycheck Protection Program Loans Obtained or Sought from Federal Home Loan Bank Member Institutions

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From the Summary: "The Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) Act establishes the Paycheck Protection Program (PPP) which authorizes up to $659 billion for small businesses to pay up to 8 weeks of payroll costs, including benefits, and to pay interest on mortgages, rent, and utilities. The PPP is implemented by the Small Business Administration (SBA) with support from the Department of the Treasury. Since April 2020, at the invitation of the Fraud Section (Fraud Section) of the Criminal Division of the U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ), we have participated in coordinated multiagency investigations into allegations of PPP fraud perpetrated at financial institutions that are members of the Federal Home Loan Bank (FHLBank) system. The purpose of this memorandum is to provide FHFA [Federal Housing Finance Agency] with a status report on these investigations. To date, as a result of our efforts and those of our partner law enforcement agencies, eight individuals have been charged by indictment or complaint with stealing or attempting to steal $60.5 million in PPP funds."

United States. Federal Housing Finance Agency. Office of Inspector General

2020-09-08
'2020 Census Alert: The Census Bureau Faces Challenges in Ensuring Employee Health Safety During 2020 Census Field Operations' Final Memorandum No. OIG-20-046-M

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From the memorandum to Dr. Steven D. Dillingham, Director U.S. Census Bureau, from Mark H. Zabarsky, Principal Assistant Inspector General for Audit and Evaluation: "The Office of Inspector General (OIG) is issuing this 2020 Census Alert to bring to your attention our concerns--about the Census Bureau's (Bureau's) inconsistent implementation of safety procedures to prevent the spread of coronavirus [disease] 2019 (COVID-19) as it completes its 2020 Census operations--that require immediate attention. Based on the number and consistency of COVID-19-related OIG hotline complaints that we have received, we are concerned that the Bureau is not fully complying with key elements of its own COVID-19 safety requirements--or operating fully in line with recommended guidance provided by the Department of Commerce (the Department), the U.S. Office of Personnel Management (OPM), the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and the U.S. Department of Labor (Labor)--and not holding its managers, employees, and contractors fully accountable for noncompliance, thereby putting their health at risk."

United States. Department of Commerce. Office of the Inspector General

Zabarsky, Mark H.

2020-09-08
FY2021 Budget Documents: Internet and GPO Availability [Updated September 8, 2020]

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From the Summary: "Every year the President submits a series of volumes to Congress containing the President's proposed budget for the coming fiscal year. The President's submission is required on or after the first Monday in January, but no later than the first Monday in February (31 U.S.C. §1105(a)). This year the President released the budget submission on February 10, 2020. This report provides brief descriptions of the FY2021 budget volumes and related documents, together with internet addresses, Government Publishing Office (GPO) stock numbers, and prices for obtaining print copies of these publications. It also explains how to find the locations of government depository libraries, which can provide both printed copies for reference use and internet access to the online versions. This report will be updated as events warrant."

Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service

Murray, Justin

2020-09-08
Social Safety Net in the Wake of COVID-19

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From the Abstract: "The COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] crisis has led to spiking unemployment rates with disproportionate impacts on low-income families. School and child-care center closures have also meant lost free- and reduced-price school meals. Food prices have increased sharply leading to reduced purchasing power for families' limited income. The Families First Coronavirus Act and the CARES [Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security] Act included robust responses including expansions to unemployment insurance (expansions in eligibility and $600 per week supplement), a one-time payment of $1,200 per adult and $500 per dependent, an increase in SNAP [Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program] payments, and the launch of the Pandemic EBT [electronic benefit transfer] program to replace lost school meals. Despite these efforts, real time data show significant distress - notably food insecurity rates have increased almost three times over the pre-COVID [coronavirus disease] rates and food pantry use has also spiked. In this paper, the researchers explore why there is so much unmet need despite a robust policy response. They provide evidence for three explanations: (1) timing-relief came with a substantial delay (due to overwhelmed UI [unemployment insurance] systems/need to implement new programs); (2) magnitude - payments outside UI are modest; and (3) coverage gaps - access is lower for some groups and other groups are statutorily excluded."

Northwestern University (Evanston, Ill.). Institute for Policy Research

Bitler, Marianne; Hoynes, Hilary Williamson; Schanzenbach, Diane, 1972-

2020-09-08
State of the Nation: A 50-State COVID-19 Survey, Report #12: Executive Approval Update

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From the Document: "The August wave of our COVID States survey indicates a continued gradual decline in approval of governors' management of COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019], and a small improvement in President Trump's management of COVID-19. 'The average governor saw their approval slip another 3 points in the last month, to 48% approval (versus 63% in late April). President Trump, who started from a much lower point, rebounded slightly from his low point of approval of 32% in July to 34% in August.' [...] The governors of Maryland, Massachusetts, and Connecticut are all at 65% approval or above. States with governors that have notably low approval ratings (below 40%) include Arizona, Florida, Georgia, Iowa, Hawaii, Idaho, Mississippi, Oregon, Oklahoma, Missouri, South Carolina, and Texas. 'Governors who have suffered particularly precipitous drops in the last month include the governors of California (Newsom), Virginia (Northam), and Florida (DeSantis).' Newsom dropped from 58% approval to 47%, Northam from 59% to 46%, and DeSantis from an already low 40% to 29%. Notably, despite the general stability in presidential approval, Trump's approval in Florida of his management of COVID-19 also dropped sharply, from 39% to 29%. Approval for governors dropped since April among their co- and anti-partisans; but generally, more so among anti-partisans."

Northeastern University (Boston, Mass.); Shorenstein Center on Media, Politics, and Public Policy; Harvard Medical School . . .

Lazer, David; Quintana, Alexi; Ognyanova, Katherine . . .

2020-09-08
Disaster Zone: Intersection of COVID-19 and the Annual Flu [audio]

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From the Webpage: "Health officials have been concerned about the intersection of the corona virus and the annual flu season here in 2020. This podcast is a conversation with Dr. Jeff Duchin, the Health Officer for Seattle-King County Public Heath about his concerns and what to expect concerning a COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] vaccine." The duration of this audio is 24 minutes and 24 seconds.

Disaster Zone

Holdeman, Eric; Duchin, Jeffrey S.

2020-09-07
Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19): Weekly Epidemiological Update [6 September 2020]

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From the Document: "Cumulatively, nearly 27 million COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] cases and 900,000 deaths have been reported to WHO [World Health Organization] to date. Over 1.8 million new cases and 37,000 new deaths were reported for the week ending 6 September, a 5% increase in the number of cases and a 2% decrease in the number of deaths compared to the previous week (24 to 30 August)."

World Health Organization

2020-09-06
COVIDView: A Weekly Surveillance Summary of U.S. COVID-19 Activity, Week 36 [September 5, 2020]

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From the Key Updates: "After declining since mid-July, the percentage of laboratory specimen testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 [severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2] nationally increased slightly during week 35 but then decreased during week 36. Indicators that track influenza-like illness (ILI) and COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019]-like illness (CLI) continued to decrease or remain stable (change of ≤0.1%) nationally and in all 10 regions; however, due to COVID-19 activity, one region reported levels of ILI above the region-specific baseline. Weekly hospitalization rates and mortality attributed to COVID19 declined during week 36. Mortality attributed to COVID-19 remains above the epidemic threshold."

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)

2020-09-05
Covid Economics Vetted and Real-Time Papers: Issue 47, 4 September 2020

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This September 4, 2020 edition of 'Covid Economics Vetted and Real-Time Papers' contains the following articles: "Test sensitivity for infection versus infectiousness of SARS-CoV-2 [severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2]" by Joshua S. Gans; "Asset pricing during pandemic lockdown" by Yuta Saito and Jun Sakamoto; "Pandemic shocks and household spending" by David Finck and Peter Tillmann; "The consequences of the Covid-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] job losses: Who will suffer most and by how much?" by Andreas Gulyas and Krzysztof Pytka; "Demand for health insurance in the time of COVID-19: Evidence from the Special Enrollment Period in the Washington State ACA [Affordable Care Act] Marketplace" by Gerardo Ruiz Sánchez; "The distributional effects of COVID-19 and mitigation policies" by Sewon Hur; and "Mass outdoor events and the spread of an airborne virus: English football and Covid-19" Matthew Olczak, J. James Reade and Matthew Yeo.

Centre for Economic Policy Research

2020-09-04
Poverty and Economic Dislocation Reduce Compliance with COVID-19 Shelter-In-Place Protocols

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From the Abstract: "Shelter-in-place ordinances were the first wide-spread policy measures aimed to mitigate the spread of COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019]. Compliance with shelter-in-place directives is individually costly and requires behavioral changes across diverse sub-populations. Leveraging county-day measures on population movement derived from cellphone location data and the staggered introduction of local mandates, we find that economic factors have played an important role in determining the level of compliance with local shelter-in-place ordinances in the US. Specifically, residents of low income areas complied with shelter-in-place ordinances less than their counterparts in areas with stronger economic endowments, even after accounting for potential confounding factors including partisanship, population density, exposure to recent trade disputes, unemployment, and other factors. Novel results on the local impact of the 2020 CARES [Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security] Act suggest stimulus transfers that addressed economic dislocation caused by the COVID-19 pandemic significantly increased social distancing."

Becker Friedman Institute for Research in Economics

Wright, Austin (Austin L.); Sonin, Konstantin; Driscoll, Jesse, 1978- . . .

2020-09-04
COVID-19 Relief Assistance to Small Businesses: Issues and Policy Options [Updated September 4, 2020]

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From the Document: "The U.S. Small Business Administration (SBA) administers several types of programs to support small businesses, including direct disaster loan programs for businesses, homeowners, and renters; loan guaranty and venture capital programs; management and technical assistance training programs; and contracting programs. Congressional interest in these programs has always been high, primarily because small businesses are viewed as a means to stimulate economic activity and create jobs, but it has become especially acute in the wake of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic's widespread adverse economic impact on the national economy. This report provides a brief description of the SBA's programs and examines congressional action to assist small businesses during and immediately following the Great Recession (2007- 2009) and during the COVID-19 pandemic[.]"

Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service

Dilger, Robert Jay, 1954-; Lowry, Sean; Lindsay, Bruce R.

2020-09-04
Lessons Learned from the 2020 Primary During COVID-19

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From the Document: "This document includes common themes and feedback from election officials, in their own words, outlining their observations, lessons learned, and best practices based on their experience of adjusting to conducting a large turnout election after the outbreak of COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] required stay at home orders across the United States. This document does not include feedback from states that saw no shift in their processes due to already conducting their elections by mail and is not exhaustive of all experiences in the 2020 primary election calendar. It includes information shared with the EAC [Election Assistance Commission] through webinars, interviews, and a public hearing on lessons learned from the 2020 primaries. While officials saw a surge of ballots cast by mail or absentee, it is notable that election officials spent considerable time highlighting to the EAC the unique challenges they faced in conducting in-person voting and the extensive planning that they are undertaking to ensure safe and accessible in-person voting for November."

United States. Election Assistance Commission

2020-09-04?
Fact Sheet for Healthcare Providers: BillionToOne, Inc., qSanger-COVID-19 Assay

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From the Document: "This Fact Sheet informs you of the significant known and potential risks and benefits of the emergency use of the qSanger-COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] Assay. The qSanger-COVID-19 Assay is authorized for use with upper respiratory specimens collected from individuals suspected of COVID-19 by their healthcare provider."

United States. Food and Drug Administration

2020-09-04
Mutual Recognition Agreements in the Regulation of Medicines: Regulatory Reliance [video]

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In this video webinar, Alastair Wood from Vanderbilt University Medical School and several panelists build upon the written work called "Regulating Medicines in a Globalized World: The Need for Increased Reliance Among Regulators," focusing on how COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) has brought this issue further into the spotlight. After an initial presentation by Mr. Wood, presentations are given from various panelists, followed by a Q&A (question and answer) session between webinar attendees and the panelists. The duration of this webinar is 1 hour and 34 minutes.

National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine

Wood, Alastair J. J.

2020-09-04
Communicable Disease Threats Report: Week 36, 30 August-5 September 2020

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The Communicable Disease Threats Report (CDTR) is a weekly bulletin that provides updates on threats monitored by European Union and European Economic Area (ECDC). The Week 36 report covering August 30-September 5, 2020 assesses current threats and non-threats and provides an epidemiological overview of each in individualized reports. Threats covered in this issue include COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019), West Nile virus, Dengue, Ebola, MERS-CoV (Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus), Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic fever, Plasmodium vivax malaria, and Cholera.

European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control

2020-09-04
Mobilizing the Pacific Diaspora: A Key Component of Disaster Resilience

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From the Document: "Of all the earth's regions, the Pacific is one of the most prone to natural disasters. Climate-related disasters such as floods, droughts, and tropical cyclones make the headlines, along with other natural disasters such as earthquakes, tsunamis, and volcanic eruptions. These may be accompanied by crises in public health. Samoa, for example, confronted a measles epidemic in 2019, followed by the global COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic in 2020. In Fiji and Vanuatu, the pandemic was compounded by Cyclone Harold. These experiences highlight the severity of cascading disasters and the complex requirements for a humanitarian response. Today, many Pacific Island countries rely heavily on government relief and international aid when they face a disaster. Traditional sources of resilience can still play an important role, however, both within local communities and within the broader diaspora of Pacific communities in Aotearoa-New Zealand, Australia, and the US. [...] Opportunities abound to improve social justice by resetting imbalances and inequities in disadvantaged communities. Innovative solutions to lower the cost of remittances to Pacific nations is one example of a practical improvement going forward. A better understanding of Pacific cultures from within and a better recognition of the role of the Pacific diaspora and of churches in Pacific communities would also help improve development efforts and disaster response."

East-West Center

Alefaio, Siautu

2020-09-04
Temporary Halt in Residential Evictions to Prevent the Further Spread of COVID-19, Agency Order

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From the Summary: "The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), located within the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) announces the issuance of an Order under Section 361 of the Public Health Service Act to temporarily halt residential evictions to prevent the further spread of COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019]."

United States. Office of the Federal Register

2020-09-04
H. Rept. 116-486: Resilience Revolving Loan Fund Act of 2019, Report to Accompany H.R. 3779, Including Cost Estimate of the Congressional Budget Office, September 4, 2020

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From the Purpose of Legislation: "The purpose of H.R. 3779, as amended, is to establish a state revolving loan fund program to facilitate funding of mitigation projects that reduce the risks and costs of natural disasters. Sources of Federal funding for proactive, predisaster mitigation are highly competitive and limited due to the significant volume of identified and necessary hazard mitigation projects across the Nation."

United States. Government Publishing Office

2020-09-04
MMWR: Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, September 4, 2020

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The Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR) Series is prepared by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). [It] is the agency's primary vehicle for scientific publication of timely, reliable, authoritative, accurate, objective, and useful public health information and recommendations. This issue of MMWR contains the following: "'Vital Signs': Characteristics of Drug Overdose Deaths Involving Opioids and Stimulants -- 24 States and the District of Columbia, January-June 2019"; "Timing of State and Territorial COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] Stay-at-Home Orders and Changes in Population Movement -- United States, March 1-May 31, 2020"; "Nonfatal Occupational Injuries to Younger Workers -- United States, 2012-2018"; "Hydroxychloroquine and Chloroquine Prescribing Patterns by Provider Specialty Following Initial Reports of Potential Benefit for COVID-19 Treatment -- United States, January-June 2020"; "Preventing and Mitigating SARS-CoV-2 Transmission -- Four Overnight Camps, Maine, June-August 2020"; "Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 Among Frontline Health Care Personnel in a Multistate Hospital Network -- 13 Academic Medical Centers, April-June 2020"; "Notes from the Field: Phenibut Exposures Reported to Poison Centers -- United States, 2009-2019"; as well as Erratum, Notice to Readers and "'QuickStats: Prevalence of Past or Present Infection with Hepatitis B Virus Among Adults Aged ≥18 Years, by Race and Hispanic Origin -- National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999-2018." Notifiable Diseases and Mortality Tables from this issue can be accessed at the following link [http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/index2020.html].

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)

2020-09-04
MMWR: Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, September 4, 2020: Evaluation of CDC's Hemophilia Surveillance Program -- Universal Data Collection (1998-2011) and Community Counts (2011-2019), United States

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From the Abstract: "Hemophilia is an X-linked genetic disorder that primarily affects males and results in deficiencies in blood-clotting proteins. Hemophilia A is a deficiency in factor VIII, and hemophilia B is a deficiency in factor IX. Approximately one in 5,000 males are born with hemophilia, and hemophilia A is about four times as common as hemophilia B. Both disorders are characterized by spontaneous internal bleeding and excessive bleeding after injuries or surgery. Hemophilia can lead to repeated bleeding into the joints and associated chronic joint disease, neurologic damage, damage to other organ systems, and death. Although no precise national U.S. prevalence estimates for hemophilia exist because of the difficulty identifying cases among persons who receive care from various types of health care providers, two previous state-based studies estimated hemophilia prevalence at 13.4 and 19.4 per 100,000 males. In addition, these studies showed that 67% and 82% of persons with hemophilia received care in a federally funded hemophilia treatment center (HTC), and 86% and 94% of those with the most severe cases of hemophilia (i.e., those with the lowest levels of clotting factor activity in the circulating blood) received care in a federally funded HTC. As of January 2020, the United States had 144 HTCs."

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)

2020-09-04
Early Experiences with COVID-19 at CBP Border Patrol Stations and OFO Ports of Entry

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From the Document: "We surveyed personnel at U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) facilities from April 22 to May 1, 2020, regarding their experiences and challenges managing COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019]. [...] The 136 Border Patrol stations and 307 Office of Field Operations (OFO) ports of entry that responded to our survey described various actions they have taken to prevent and mitigate the pandemic's spread among travelers, detained individuals, and staff. These actions include increased cleaning and disinfecting of common areas and having personal protective equipment for staff, as well as supplies available to those individuals with whom they come into contact. However, facilities reported concerns with their inability to practice social distancing and the risk of exposure to COVID-19 due to the close-contact nature of their work. Regarding staffing, facilities reported decreases in current staff availability due to COVID-19, but have contingency plans in place to ensure continued operations. The facilities expressed concerns regarding staff availability, should there be an outbreak of COVID-19 at the facility. Overall, the majority of respondents reported their facilities were prepared to address COVID-19. The observations contained in the report, which are primarily based on survey responses from facilities, provide an early perspective on CBP's efforts during the pandemic. While we make no recommendations, our intention is to inform agency decision makers as they consider additional actions to respond to the pandemic."

United States. Department of Homeland Security. Office of Inspector General

2020-09-04
Space Policy Directive-5: Cybersecurity Principles for Space Systems

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From the Background: "The United States considers unfettered freedom to operate in space vital to advancing the security, economic prosperity, and scientific knowledge of the Nation. Space systems enable key functions such as global communications; positioning, navigation, and timing; scientific observation; exploration; weather monitoring; and multiple vital national security applications. Therefore, it is essential to protect space systems from cyber incidents in order to prevent disruptions to their ability to provide reliable and efficient contributions to the operations of the Nation's critical infrastructure. Space systems are reliant on information systems and networks from design conceptualization through launch and flight operations. Further, the transmission of command and control and mission information between space vehicles and ground networks relies on the use of radio-frequency-dependent wireless communication channels. These systems, networks, and channels can be vulnerable to malicious activities that can deny, degrade, or disrupt space operations, or even destroy satellites. [...] The National Cyber Strategy of September 2018 states that my Administration will enhance efforts to protect our space assets and supporting infrastructure from evolving cyber threats, and will work with industry and international partners to strengthen the cyber resilience of existing and future space systems."

United States. Office of the Federal Register

Trump, Donald, 1946-

2020-09-04
H. Rept. 116-484: Water Quality Protection and Job Creation Act of 2019, Report Together with Minority Views, to Accompany H.R. 1497, Including Cost Estimate of the Congressional Budget Office, September 4, 2020

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From the Purpose: "The purpose of H.R. 1497, the 'Water Quality Protection and Job Creation Act of 2019', as amended, is to restore and maintain the chemical, physical, and biological integrity of the nation's waters by reauthorizing Federal appropriations for capitalization grants to state water pollution control revolving funds and other clean water pollution control grant programs to address the discharge of pollution into jurisdictional waters."

United States. Government Publishing Office

2020-09-04
H. Rept. 116-485: To Amend the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act to Include Certain Services in the Definition of Critical Services, and for Other Purposes, Report to Accompany H.R. 2242, Including Cost Estimate of the Congressional Budget Office, September 4, 2020

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From the Purpose: "The purpose of H.R. 2242, as amended, is to amend the 'Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act' (Stafford Act, Pub. L. 93-288, as amended) to include additional services in the Act's definition of critical services."

United States. Government Publishing Office

2020-09-04
H. Rept. 116-489, Part 1: Grid Security Research and Development Act, Report to Accompany H.R. 5760, Including Cost Estimate of the Congressional Budget Office, September 4, 2020

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From the Purpose: "The purpose of the bill is to authorize a comprehensive interdisciplinary research, development, and demonstration initiative to strengthen the capacity of the energy sector to prepare for and withstand cyber and physical attacks and improve the security of the energy sector. H.R. 5760 is sponsored by Mr. Bera and co-sponsored by Mr. Weber."

United States. Government Publishing Office

2020-09-04
Infection Prevention and Control for the Safe Management of a Dead Body in the Context of COVID-19 [September 4, 2020]

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From the Background: "This interim guidance is designed for individuals who tend to the bodies of persons who have died of suspected or confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Potential users include managers of health-care facilities and mortuaries, as well as religious leaders and public health authorities. Moreover, this document provides guidance for the management of the dead in the context of COVID-19 in low, middle- and high-income settings. [...] This document updates guidance issued on 24 March[.]"

World Health Organization

2020-09-04
Global Economic Effects of COVID-19 [Updated September 4, 2020]

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From the Summary: "Since the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] outbreak was first diagnosed, it has spread to over 200 countries and all U.S. states. The pandemic is negatively affecting global economic growth beyond anything experienced in nearly a century. Estimates so far indicate the virus could trim global economic growth by 3.0% to 6.0% in 2020, with a partial recovery in 2021, assuming there is not a second wave of infections. The economic fallout from the pandemic raises the risks of a global economic recession with levels of unemployment not experienced since the Great Depression of the 1930s. The human costs in terms of lives lost will permanently affect global economic growth in addition to the cost of rising levels of poverty, lives upended, careers derailed, and increased social unrest. Global trade could also fall by 18%, depending on the depth and extent of the global economic downturn, exacting an especially heavy economic toll on trade-dependent developing and emerging economies. The full impact will not be known until the effects of the pandemic peak. This report provides an overview of the global economic costs to date and the response by governments and international institutions to address these effects."

Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service

Jackson, James K., 1949-; Weiss, Martin A.; Schwarzenberg, Andres B. . . .

2020-09-04
Infectious Diseases Society of America Guidelines on the Treatment and Management of Patients with COVID-19 [Updated September 4, 2020]

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From the Abstract: "There are many pharmacologic therapies that are being used or considered for treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). There is a need for frequently updated practice guidelines on their use, based on critical evaluation of rapidly emerging literature. In March 2020, the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) formed a multidisciplinary guideline panel of infectious disease clinicians, pharmacists, and methodologists with varied areas of expertise. The process followed a rapid recommendation checklist. The panel prioritized questions and outcomes. Then a systematic review of the peer-reviewed and grey literature was conducted. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach was used to assess the certainty of evidence and make recommendations. On April 11, 2020, IDSA released online initial treatment recommendations and narrative summaries of other treatments under evaluation. Since that time, the guideline panel and methodologists have continued to monitor the literature and issue updates and addendums to these guidelines in response to evolving research. Since the inception of its work, the panel has expressed the overarching goal that patients be recruited into ongoing trials, which would provide much needed evidence on the efficacy and safety of various therapies for COVID-19, given that we could not make a determination whether the benefits outweigh harms for most treatments."

Infectious Diseases Society of America

Bhimraj, Adarsh; Morgan, Rebecca L.; Shumaker, Amy Hirsch . . .

2020-09-04

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