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Department of Homeland Security: Inland Waterways and Western River Tenders (Fiscal Year 2020 Report to Congress)

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From the Foreword: "I am pleased to present the following report, 'Inland Waterways and Western River Tenders,' which has been prepared by the U.S. Coast Guard. Senate Report 116-125 accompanying the Fiscal Year 2020 Department of Homeland Security Appropriations Act (P.L. 116-93) requires the Coast Guard to provide details of the Coast Guard's plans to acquire new vessels to replace the current fleet of inland waterways and western river tenders. Pursuant to congressional requirements, this report is being provided to the following Members of Congress: The Honorable Lucille Roybal-Allard Chairwoman, House Appropriations Subcommittee on Homeland Security; The Honorable Chuck Fleischmann Ranking Member, House Appropriations Subcommittee on Homeland Security; The Honorable Shelley Moore Capito Chairman, Senate Appropriations Subcommittee on Homeland Security; [and] The Honorable Jon Tester Ranking Member, Senate Appropriations Subcommittee on Homeland Security."

United States. Department of Homeland Security; United States. Coast Guard

2020-04-27
Caution: Dangerous Social Curve Ahead!

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From the Document: "Israel began easing its lockdown and moving into the next phase of living in the presence of the coronavirus, which will continue in different ways and intensities until a vaccine is found or until the virus disappears. While major emphasis is currently placed on the medical and economic tracks, the social dimension is also a key element that must be addressed. Although it is difficult to gauge, the social curve is no less and perhaps even more critical in managing the crisis over the long term. This article presents the importance of tracking the social curve, methods for doing so, and recommendations for the use of data collection. The core recommendation is to designate key parameters and assess them frequently, in order to chart the social trajectory so as to identify both early warning signals of social weaknesses and strengths that might assist in policy management."

Institute for National Security Studies

Even, Shmuel; Fadlon, Tomer; Hadad, Sasson . . .

2020-04-26
Which Workers Bear the Burden of Social Distancing Policies?

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From the Introduction: "The key public policy implemented during the Coronavirus pandemic is 'social distancing'. This has the economic consequence that many workers will be forced to work from home if feasible. Moreover, returning to work will likely occur more slowly for jobs that require a large degree of physical proximity to others. To the extent that workers vary systematically across these jobs, social distancing policies will have systematically different effects across individuals. Understanding how individuals vary across these occupations is therefore important for policy makers interested in formulating targeted worker assistance programs."

Becker Friedman Institute for Research in Economics

Mongey, Simon; Pilossoph, Laura; Weinberg, Alex

2020-04-26
COVID-19 Update: Perspectives on Pandemic Response, Vaccine Development, and COVID-19 Virology

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From the Description: "This video reflects information available as of April 25, 2020. This special late-breaking session on COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] provided the audience with deeper insights into the latest developments in the COVID-19 response. A diverse panel spoke to the whole experience on dealing with this pandemic--from US to international, to the state of diagnostic, treatment and vaccine development, to the importance of communication."

National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine

2020-04-26
Mitigating the Psychological Impact of COVID-19 on Healthcare Workers: A Digital Learning Package

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From the Abstract: "The coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) will undoubtedly have psychological impacts for healthcare workers, which could be sustained; frontline workers will be particularly at risk. Actions are needed to mitigate the impacts of COVID-19 on mental health by protecting and promoting the psychological wellbeing of healthcare workers during and after the outbreak. We developed and evaluated a digital learning package using Agile methodology within the first three weeks of UK outbreak. This e-package includes evidence-based guidance, support and signposting relating to psychological wellbeing for all UK healthcare employees. A three-step rapid development process included public involvement activities (PPIs) (STEP 1), content and technical development with iterative peer review (STEP 2), and delivery and evaluation (STEP 3). The package outlines the actions that team leaders can take to provide psychologically safe spaces for staff, together with guidance on communication and reducing social stigma, peer and family support, signposting others through psychological first aid (PFA), self-care strategies (e.g., rest, work breaks, sleep, shift work, fatigue, healthy lifestyle behaviours), and managing emotions (e.g., moral injury, coping, guilt, grief, fear, anxiety, depression, preventing burnout and psychological trauma). The e-package includes advice from experts in mental wellbeing as well as those with direct pandemic experiences from the frontline, as well as signposting to public mental health guidance."

MDPI Publishing

Blake, Holly, 1975-; Bermingham, Fiona; Johnson, Graham . . .

2020-04-26
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Situation Report - 97

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From the Highlights: "[1] Public health systems are coming under severe strain as the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic continues. Countries must also continue to focus on other health emergencies and make progress against diseases such as malaria or poliomyelitis (polio). A new analysis on malaria supports the call to minimize disruptions to malaria prevention and treatment services during the COVID-19 pandemic. [...2] The WHO [World Health Organization] Regional Office for the Americas urges countries to strengthen vaccination against seasonal influenza and measles to prevent respiratory illness and vaccine-preventable disease outbreaks during the COVID-19 pandemic. [...3] The core protocol for therapeutics against COVID-19 has been published by the WHO R&D [research and development] Blueprint Working Group. [...4] The WHO Regional Director for Europe has emphasized the need to build sustainable people-centred long-term care in the wake of COVID-19. [...5] The WHO Regional Office for Europe has published key considerations for the gradual easing of the lockdown restrictions introduced by many countries in response to the spread of COVID-19 across the European Region."

World Health Organization

2020-04-26
Burnout, Self-Care & COVID-19 Exposure for First Responders

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From the Product Purpose: "First responders are on the front-lines of our nation's response to COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019]. The challenges they face are immense and the toll of their work on their mental health can be significant. This document contains suggestions to help first responders cope during the COVID-19 pandemic."

United States. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. Office of Emergency Medical Services; Healthcare Resilience Task Force

2020-04-25
COVID-19 Behavioral Health Resources for First Responders

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From the Product Purpose: "First responders are facing unique stressors during the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic. This document (EMS27) presents resources and strategies in support of first responder behavioral health."

United States. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. Office of Emergency Medical Services; Healthcare Resilience Task Force

2020-04-25
Everyone Needs to Give Up a Little Privacy to Help Defeat Coronavirus

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From the Webpage: "Covid-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] has put countries in a terrible position - do nothing and watch in horror as the health service is overwhelmed, or lock the country down and count the staggering economic and social cost instead. The careful application of technology offers a way out, at a price: dramatically increased surveillance. But in a three-way choice between overwhelming the NHS [National Health Service], collapsing the economy or living with more tracking and data-sharing, this is a price worth paying. As well as contact-tracing apps, we would lean heavily on data and technology to organise armies of human contact-tracers to go with them; to prioritise, process and record test results; and - in time - to certify immunity and exempt some people from further testing. We would aggregate, cross-reference and interrogate every source of data that could help understand how the virus is spreading and protect people at risk."

Tony Blair Institute for Global Change

Yiu, Chris

2020-04-25
COVIDView: A Weekly Surveillance Summary of U.S COVID-19 Activity, Week 17 [April 25, 2020]

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From the Key Updates: "Nationally, levels of influenza-like illness (ILI) declined again this week. They have been below the national baseline for two weeks but remain elevated in the northeastern and northwestern part of the country. Levels of laboratory confirmed SARS-CoV-2 [severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2] activity remained similar or decreased compared to last week. Mortality attributed to COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] decreased compared to last week but remains significantly elevated and may increase as additional death certificates are counted."

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)

2020-04-25
COVID-19: Considerations, Strategies, and Resources for Emergency Medical Services Crisis Standards of Care

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From the Overview: "In response to the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic, emergency medical services (EMS) agencies (EMS delivery models including but not limited to; free standing, third-service; fire-based, hospital-based, private, independent, volunteer, and related emergency medical service providers) may need to adjust operations and standards of care in order to preserve and effectively allocate limited EMS and healthcare system resources in the face of overwhelming demand due to the national pandemic response. This document provides an overview of general considerations, potential strategies, and existing resources that EMS agencies may use to inform changes to their operations and standards of care."

United States Fire Administration

2020-04-25
Burnout, Self-Care & COVID-19 Exposure for Families of First Responders

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From the Product Purpose: "First responders are on the front-lines of our nation's response to COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019]. The challenges they face are immense and the toll of their work on first responders and their families can be significant. This document contains suggestions to help families of first responders cope during the COVID-19 pandemic."

United States. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. Office of Emergency Medical Services

2020-04-25
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Situation Report - 96

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From the Highlights: "[1] WHO [World Health Organization], together with heads of state, global health leaders, private sector partners and other stakeholders launched the Access To COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] Tools (ACT) Accelerator, a global collaboration to accelerate the development, production and equitable access to new COVID-19 diagnostics, therapeutics and vaccines. [...2] Although some governments have suggested that the detection of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 [severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2], the virus that causes COVID-19, could serve as the basis for an 'immunity passport' or 'risk-free certificate', there is currently no evidence that people who have recovered from COVID-19 and have antibodies are protected from a second infection. [...3] WHO has seen a dramatic increase in the number of cyber-attacks directed at its staff, and email scams targeting the public. WHO asks the public to remain vigilant against fraudulent emails and recommends using reliable sources to obtain factual information about COVID-19 and other health issues."

World Health Organization

2020-04-25
560 Fire. What We Learned.

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From the Document: "This is intended to be a short shared learning report so that we may continue to collectively improve our fire response during future pandemics. This brief is not intended to be a critique of the fire response nor is it a treatise on fire conditions and strategy. The 560 fire was ignited by suspected target shooting on the afternoon of 4/25/2020 on the northwest portion of the 137,000 acre burn scar from the 2002 Hayman fire. The fire was the jurisdiction of the U.S. Forest Service and burned wholly on USFS [U.S. Forest Service] lands administered by the PSICC [Pike and San Isabel National Forests & Cimarron and Comanche National Grasslands], South Platte Ranger District, it was a full suppression fire. Final size was 80 acres and it was called out on May 5th."

United States. Forest Service

Karle, Jay

2020-04-25
Epidemiology for COVID-19 Emergency Medical Service Providers: What You Need to Know

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From the Product Purpose: "This document provides an overview of epidemiology for emergency medical service (EMS) providers from all types of EMS systems."

Healthcare Resilience Task Force

2020-04-25
COVID-19: Child Care and Development Block Grant (CCDBG) Supplemental Appropriations in the CARES Act [April 24, 2020]

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From the Summary: "On March 27, 2020, the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) Act was signed into law (P.L. 116-136). The CARES Act includes $3.5 billion in supplemental appropriations for the Child Care and Development Block Grant (CCDBG). These funds are to be used to 'prevent, prepare for, and respond to coronavirus.' The CCDBG Act (42 U.S.C. §§9858 et seq.) is the main federal law supporting child care programs for low-income working families. The CCDBG is administered by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). HHS allocates CCDBG funds to states, territories, and tribes according to a statutory formula. State, territory, and tribal lead agencies submit CCDBG plans to HHS every three years describing how their child care programs will operate. CCDBG funds are used to subsidize the cost of child care for eligible children of low-income working parents. Funds are also used to support activities to improve the quality of child care and for certain other activities."

Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service

Lynch, Karen E.

2020-04-24
Fourth COVID-19 Relief Package (P.L. 116-139): In Brief [April 24, 2020]

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From the Summary: "On April 23, 2020, Congress passed its fourth measure including supplemental appropriations to respond to the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic. The Paycheck Protection Program and Health Care Enhancement Act (the act; P.L. 116-139) includes enhancements for the Small Business Administration's Paycheck Protection Program (PPP), Economic Injury Disaster Loans (EIDL), and Emergency EIDL grants, and emergency supplemental appropriations for the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) and Small Business Administration (SBA). The President signed the bill into law on April 24, 2020. The Congressional Budget Office estimates that the act will result in $321.3 billion in additional direct spending for the PPP, and $162.1 billion in additional discretionary spending, including $50 billion for EIDL and $10 billion for Emergency EIDL grants. This report provides a brief overview of that measure."

Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service

Painter, William L.; Dilger, Robert Jay, 1954-; Lindsay, Bruce R. . . .

2020-04-24
Families First Coronavirus Response Act: Federal Employee Leave [April 24, 2020]

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From the Document: "The Families First Coronavirus Response Act (FFCRA; P.L. 116-127) established two types of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) related leave for employees: [1] Division C of the FFCRA, titled the Emergency Family and Medical Leave Expansion Act (EFMLEA), amended the Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA) to make FMLA leave available to an employee unable to work or telework because a child's school or place of care is closed or a childcare provider is unavailable for COVID-19-related reasons. The first 10 days of this new emergency FMLA leave may be unpaid leave, but an employer must provide paid leave, up to a possible 10 weeks, for leave taken after 10 days. [2] Division E of the FFCRA, titled the Emergency Paid Sick Leave Act (EPSLA), requires employers to provide paid sick time to an employee unable to work or telework for specified COVID-19-related reasons, such as being subject to a quarantine or isolation order. Although the paid sick time provided by the EPSLA is available for most federal employees, emergency FMLA leave is available only for certain federal employees. This In Focus explores the differences in federal employee coverage under the EFMLEA and the EPSLA, and discusses how the EFMLEA's amendment of the FMLA created coverage for only a subset of federal employees."

Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service

Donovan, Sarah A.; Shimabukuro, Jon O.

2020-04-24
Universal Service Fund and COVID-19: The FCC and Industry Response [April 24, 2020]

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From the Document: "The need for social distancing, due to the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, has led to an increase in remote working, distance learning, and telemedicine-- activities that depend on connectivity to the telecommunications and broadband network. The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) and its Universal Service Fund (USF) programs are viewed by some as avenues to address this growing need. The FCC has taken steps to expand and modify three of the USF programs: the Lifeline Program; the Schools and Libraries (E-Rate) Program; and the Rural Health Care Program, in response to the pandemic and to address various aspects of social distancing."

Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service

Gilroy, Angele A.

2020-04-24
COVID-19: U.S. Public Health Data and Reporting [April 24, 2020]

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From the Document: "The daily updated counts of cases, deaths, and recoveries during the COVID-19 pandemic have served as important indicators throughout the crisis--informing policy decisions, research, and public awareness. Ongoing data collection, or 'surveillance', is a key component of public health practice. As the nation's lead public health agency, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has sought to conduct surveillance within the U.S. system of federalism where many public health authorities are based in state law. Some observers have called for improved public health surveillance during the pandemic; this Insight provides an overview of the current systems and policy considerations for Congress."

Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service

Sekar, Kavya

2020-04-24
Coronavirus-Related Suspension of Immigrant Entry [April 24, 2020]

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From the Document: "On April 22, President Trump issued a proclamation suspending entry into the United States of certain aliens (foreign nationals) who are seeking lawful permanent resident (LPR) status (i.e., immigrants). The President justified the suspension as needed to protect American workers from foreign labor force competition during a time of 'high domestic unemployment and reduced demand for labor' caused by the coronavirus pandemic. The President cited two immigration-related legal authorities. Under Section 212(f) (8 U.S.C. §1182(f)) of the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA), the President may suspend immigration when it would be detrimental to the interests of the United States. Under INA 215(a) (§8 U.S.C. §1185(a)) the President may prescribe limitations and exceptions on who may enter or depart the United States."

Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service

Kandel, William

2020-04-24
Covid Economics Vetted and Real-Time Papers: Issue 9, 24 April 2020

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This April 24, 2020 edition of 'Covid Economics Vetted and Real-Time Papers' contains the following articles: "Internal and external effects of social distancing in a pandemics" by Maryam Farboodi, Gregor Jarosch and Robert Shimer; "Using the eye of the storm to predict the wave of Covid-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] UI [unemployment insurance] claims" by Daniel Aaronson, Scott A. Brave, R. Andrew Butters, Daniel W. Sacks and Boyoung Seo; "Air passenger mobility, travel restrictions, and the transmission of the covid-19 pandemic between countries" by Sekou Keita; "A cost-benefit analysis of the Covid-19 disease" by Robert Rowthorn; and "The costs and benefits of home office during the Covid-19 pandemic: Evidence from infections and an input-output model for Germany" by Harald Fadinger and Jan Schymik.

Centre for Economic Policy Research

2020-04-24
COVID-19: Economic Considerations for Health Response Options in Developing Countries

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From the Document: "This document offers a guide for economic management during tightening or relaxation of lockdown measures. This framework proposes a tightening/relaxation strategy differentiated by industry, taking into account both the risk of transmission during the regular operations of an industry and the economic value of said industry."

Tony Blair Institute for Global Change

2020-04-24
Price Worth Paying: Tech, Privacy and the Fight Against Covid-19

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From the Webpage: "This report is part of a series exploring the challenges and opportunities of technology for policymakers responding to Covid-19 [coronavirus disease 2019]. Our companion report, Digital Policy for a Physical Lockdown, looks at how tech can help countries adapt to the radical change in operating environment for citizens, companies and governments."

Tony Blair Institute for Global Change

Bamford, Roxanne; Dace, Hermione; Macon-Cooney, Benedict . . .

2020-04-24
COVID-19 and the Fiscal Sustainability of Federal Health Care Programs

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From the Document: "Over the course of the last month, Congress has enacted roughly $4 trillion in spending measures related to the public health and economic fallout of the coronavirus pandemic. And that's only the start: Politicians are already positioning themselves for a likely fourth phase of emergency spending. Much of this money has been devoted to the health care response, and health care will remain a priority for future spending, particularly the costs for the uninsured and newly uninsured. But all of this new spending is deficit spending, which points to the underlying question facing all of the United States' health care programs: How are we going to pay for them?"

American Action Forum

Holt, Christopher; Barnhorst, Margaret

2020-04-24
Strengthening and Adjusting Public Health Measures Throughout the COVID-19 Transition Phases: Policy Considerations for the WHO European Region

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From the Executive Summary: "Member States of the WHO [World Health Organization] European Region are at varying phases of the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic. Regardless of the phase, governments and public health authorities must begin to envision, and plan for, the subsequent stages of their response strategy, with the ultimate aim of reaching and maintaining a state of low-level or no transmission. This document provides key considerations for Member States to help them to decide on the modulation of large-scale restrictive public health measures (i.e. movement restrictions and large-scale physical distancing), while at the same time strengthening core public health service capacities (to identify, isolate, test and treat every patient and quarantine contacts) together with personal protective measures (hand hygiene and respiratory etiquette) and individual physical distancing (>1 metre distance). The transition should be informed by national, subnational or even community-level risk assessments as the transmission of COVID-19 is typically not homogeneous within a country."

World Health Organization. Regional Office for Europe

2020-04-24
Adaptating CCCM Activities in Urban Neighborhoods & Informal Sites for the COVID19 Response [webinar]

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From the Description: "This webinar will hold discussions and sharing of first-hand experiences of country programmes preparing to response to a corvid-19 outbreak in urban neighbourhoods and informal sites. This session will be capitalising on the experiences of camp management teams in the field who are currently involved in COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] preparedness and response in urban neighbourhoods and informal sites. Questions will be exploring on how activities in Community Resource Centres and associated Mobile outreach teams are adapting to the challenges COVID-19 is presenting to these communities." The duration of this webinar is one hour, 26 minutes, and 57 seconds.

Global Camp Coordination and Camp Management Cluster

Bagossy, Mate; Ibrahim, Abubakar

2020-04-24
'Immunity Passports' in the Context of COVID-19

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From the Document: "WHO [World Health Organization] has published guidance on adjusting public health and social measures for the next phase of the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] response. Some governments have suggested that the detection of antibodies to the SARS-CoV-2 [severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2], the virus that causes COVID-19, could serve as the basis for an 'immunity passport' or 'risk-free certificate' that would enable individuals to travel or to return to work assuming that they are protected against re-infection. There is currently no evidence that people who have recovered from COVID-19 and have antibodies are protected from a second infection."

World Health Organization

2020-04-24
Medical Operations Coordination Cells Toolkit, First Edition

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From the Purpose and Scope: "This Medical Operations Coordination Cells (MOCCs) Toolkit offers flexible and modifiable guidance, developed by the United States (U.S.) government, aimed to assist regional, state, local, tribal and territorial (SLTT) governments to ensure load-balancing across healthcare facilities and systems so that the highest possible level of care can be provided to each patient during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by the virus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Medical and other subject-matter experts from the U.S. government developed this Toolkit as a best-practices reference to support SLTT governments in establishing and operationalizing MOCCs."

United States. Department of Health and Human Services. Office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response

2020-04-24
Estimating the Fraction of Unreported Infections in Epidemics with a Known Epicenter: An Application to COVID-19

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From the Abstract: "We develop an analytically tractable method to estimate the fraction of unreported infections in epidemics with a known epicenter and estimate the number of unreported COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] infections in the US during the first half of March 2020. Our method utilizes the covariation in initial reported infections across US regions and the number of travelers to these regions from the epicenter, along with the results of an early randomized testing study in Iceland. Using our estimates of the number of unreported infections, which are substantially larger than the number of reported infections, we also provide estimates for the infection fatality rate using data on reported COVID-19 fatalities from U.S. counties."

Becker Friedman Institute for Research in Economics

Hortaçsu, Ali; Liu, Jiarui; Schwieg, Timothy

2020-04-24

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