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Interim Framework for PPE Use by City and County of San Francisco (CCSF) and Contractor Home Health Care Personnel (HC) Caring for Clients with Suspected or Confirmed, Including Asymptomatic, COVID-19
From the Document: "The City and County of San Francisco is sharing this Interim Framework for PPE [personal protective equipment] in an effort to promote the general welfare, health, and safety; employee health and safety; and effective client and patient care and services during the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic, given current PPE shortages. Anyone reviewing this Interim Framework for PPE must understand the following: [1] Data, knowledge, and recommendations concerning the safe use of PPE are evolving rapidly. CCSF [City and County of San Francisco] developed this Interim Framework based on its inventory of PPE and the client and patient care and services being provided as of May 23, 2020. This Framework is based specifically on the data, knowledge and recommendations concerning the safe use of PPE and supply chain prognosis as of May 23, 2020, and is subject to change without notice. [2] Care and service providers should consult CDC [Centers for Disease Control and Prevention] guidelines for the current selection, alternatives, and safe use of PPE. This Framework may not strictly comply with all guidelines for PPE but was developed to address the COVID-19 Pandemic Emergency and the resulting PPE shortages."
San Francisco (Calif.). Population Health Division
2020-05-23
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Interim Guidelines for COVID-19 Antibody Testing in Clinical and Public Health Settings
From the Background: "Serologic assays for SARS-CoV-2 [severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2], now broadly available, can play an important role in understanding the virus's epidemiology in the general population and identifying groups at higher risk for infection. Unlike viral direct detection methods such as nucleic acid amplification or antigen detection tests that can detect acutely infected persons, antibody tests help determine whether the individual being tested was ever infected--even if that person never showed symptoms. Serologic tests detect waning or past SARS-CoV-2 virus infection indirectly, by measuring the host humoral immune response to the virus. Therefore, serology assays do not typically replace direct detection methods as the primary tool for diagnosing an active SARS-CoV-2 infection, but they do have several important applications in monitoring and responding to the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic."
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
2020-05-23
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Combating COVID-19 in Asia and the Pacific: Measures, Lessons and the Way Forward
From the Summary: "'Governments in the Asia-Pacific region are taking administrative and policy actions to cope with the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic and its adverse impacts. Most countries and territories have adopted travel restrictions and social distancing policies to slow the spread of the disease. While many countries have rolled out fiscal and monetary stimulus packages, their scale and policy focus differ depending on their national circumstances, implementation capacities and how severely they have been affected by COVID-19 disease. In going forward, the region needs to invest in health and social protection systems and embed long-term sustainability into stimulus packages and recovery policies in order to strengthen resilience to future shocks. Policy coordination across countries is critical to ensure that no one is left behind.'"
United Nations. Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific
Huang, Zhenqian; Saxena, Sweta Chaman
2020-05-23?
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Policymakers Should Adapt COVID-19 Responses to the Evidence
From the Key Takeaways: "[1] Widespread COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] lockdown measures were instituted largely to prevent hospitals from being overrun by infected patients. [2] With the pandemic spread unevenly across the country, new data suggest that broad lockdowns are not needed in most places, and insufficient in hot spots. [3] Policymakers should shift to responsible re-opening with traditional public health interventions in hot spots, with special protections in nursing homes."
Heritage Foundation (Washington, D.C.)
Michel, Norbert J.; Badger, Doug
2020-05-23
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Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Situation Report - 124
From the Highlights: "[1] WHO [World Health Organization] has published a COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] Monitoring and Evaluation Framework listing the key public health and essential health services and systems indicators to monitor preparedness, response, and situations during the COVID-19 pandemic. [2] WHO has updated a document on Operational Planning Guidelines to Support Country Preparedness and Response. The document provides a practical guide that can be used by national authorities to develop and update their COVID-19 national plans across the major pillars of COVID-19 preparedness and response. [3] WHO published an interim guidance on Framework for decision-making: implementation of mass vaccination campaigns in the context of COVID-19. The document describes the principles to consider when deliberating the implementation of mass vaccination campaigns for prevention of vaccine-preventable diseases and high impact diseases (VPD/HID), and when assessing risks and benefits of conducting outbreak-response vaccination campaigns to respond to VPD/HID outbreaks. [4] WHO has published an interim guidance on Controlling the spread of COVID-19 at ground crossings advising countries to reduce the spread of COVID-19 resulting from travel, transportation, and trade on and around ground crossings."
World Health Organization
2020-05-23
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Offshore Royalty Relief: Status During the COVID-19 Pandemic [Updated May 22, 2020]
From the Document: "U.S. oil and gas producers face financial challenges stemming from demand reduction, oversupply, and commodity price drops during the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic. Some Members of Congress have asked the Department of the Interior (DOI) to offer 'royalty relief' on federal oil and gas leases--a temporary reduction or waiver of the royalties that companies pay the federal government on production from these leases. Some other Members have opposed a comprehensive royalty relief program for federal oil and gas producers. DOI has stated that affected producers may apply for royalty relief individually using existing options, clarifying that the Department does not plan to pursue a new program of blanket royalty relief at this time."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Comay, Laura B.
2020-05-22
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Congress, the Judiciary, and Civil and Criminal Procedure [May 22, 2020]
From the Document: "Two sets of authorities govern proceedings in federal court: 'substantive' laws create certain legal rights or impose duties, while 'procedural' laws control the way courts enforce those substantive rights or duties. While many are aware of Congress's role in enacting and the courts' role in interpreting substantive laws, casual observers may be less conscious of the procedural rules that apply in federal litigation. Nonetheless, the various procedures governing federal civil and criminal cases are important. Indeed, in some instances, a claim may succeed or fail based on a party's compliance with the required procedures. Congress enjoys ample authority to establish and structure lower federal courts. And, as the Supreme Court has stated, 'the constitutional provision for a federal court system (augmented by the Necessary and Proper Clause) carries with it congressional power to make rules governing the practice and pleading in those courts.' However, recognizing that the courts themselves possess significant expertise in crafting such rules, Congress passed the Rules Enabling Act, codified at Sections 2071-2077 of Title 28 of the U.S. Code. The Rules Enabling Act grants the Supreme Court primary authority for creating and amending federal procedural rules, but also imposes congressional oversight of the rulemaking process. This In Focus summarizes the authorities that govern federal judicial procedure, outlines the rulemaking process under the Rules Enabling Act, and presents related considerations for Congress."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Lampe, Joanna R.
2020-05-22
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Changes in the Arctic: Background and Issues for Congress [Updated May 22, 2020]
From the Summary: "The diminishment of Arctic sea ice has led to increased human activities in the Arctic, and has heightened interest in, and concerns about, the region's future. The United States, by virtue of Alaska, is an Arctic country and has substantial interests in the region. The seven other Arctic states are Canada, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, Finland, Denmark (by virtue of Greenland), and Russia. The Arctic Research and Policy Act (ARPA) of 1984 (Title I of P.L. 98-373 of July 31, 1984) 'provide[s] for a comprehensive national policy dealing with national research needs and objectives in the Arctic.' The National Science Foundation (NSF) is the lead federal agency for implementing Arctic research policy. Key U.S. policy documents relating to the Arctic include National Security Presidential Directive 66/Homeland Security Presidential Directive 25 (NSPD 66/HSPD 25) of January 9, 2009; the 'National Strategy for the Arctic Region' of May 10, 2013; the January 30, 2014, implementation plan for the 2013 national strategy; and Executive Order 13689 of January 21, 2015, on enhancing coordination of national efforts in the Arctic. The office of the U.S. Special Representative for the Arctic has been vacant since January 20, 2017."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
2020-05-22
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Indian Water Rights Settlements [Updated May 22, 2020]
From the Document: "In the second half of the 19th century, the federal government pursued a policy of confining Indian tribes to reservations. These reservations were either a portion of a tribe's aboriginal land or an area of land taken out of the public domain and set aside for a tribe. The federal statutes and treaties reserving such land for Indian reservations typically did not address the water needs of these reservations, a fact that has given rise to questions and disputes regarding Indian reserved water rights. Dating to a 1908 Supreme Court ruling, courts generally have held that many tribes have a reserved right to water sufficient to fulfill the purpose of their reservations and that this right took effect on the date the reservations were established. This means that, in the context of a state water law system of prior appropriations, which is common in many U.S. western states, many tribes have water rights senior to those of non-Indian users with water rights and access established subsequent to the Indian reservations' creation. Although many Indian tribes hold senior water rights through their reservations, the quantification of these rights is undetermined in many cases."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Stern, Charles V.
2020-05-22
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Latin America and the Caribbean: Fact Sheet on Leaders and Elections [Updated May 22, 2020]
From the Document: "This report provides the results of recent presidential elections in Latin America and the Caribbean. Below are three tables organized by region, that include the date of each country's independence, the name of the most recently elected president or prime minister, and the projected date of the next presidential election. Information in this report was gathered from numerous sources, including the U.S. State Department, Central Intelligence Agency's (CIA's) World Fact Book, International Foundation for Electoral Systems (IFES) Election Guide, Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU), and other news sources."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Davis-Castro, Carla Y.
2020-05-22
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Covid Economics Vetted and Real-Time Papers: Issue 21, 22 May 2020
This May 22, 2020 edition of 'Covid Economics Vetted and Real-Time Papers' contains the following articles: "Disaster resilience and asset prices" by Marco Pagano, Christian Wagner, and Josef Zechner; "Labor markets during the Covid-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] crisis: A preliminary view" by Olivier Coibion, Yuriy Gorodnichenko, and Michael Weber; "International trade of essential goods during a pandemic" by Fernando Leibovici and Ana Maria Santacreu; "Learning from friends in a pandemic: Social networks and the macroeconomic response of consumption" by Christos A. Makridis and Tao Wang; "Banks as lenders of first resort: Evidence from the Covid-19 crisis" by Lei Li, Philip E. Strahan, and Song Zhang; and "Optimal control of an epidemic through social distancing" by Thomas Kruse and Philipp Strack.
Centre for Economic Policy Research
2020-05-22
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Annex 3: Example Materials to Communicate Level Change
This document contains examples of COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) alert level materials. Please see the following for more information: "Staying Alert: Navigating COVID-19 Risk Toward a New Normal" [https://www.hsdl.org/?abstract&did=839270]; "Annex 1: How to Create a COVID-19 Alert-Level System and Supporting Communication Tools in Resource-Constrained Settings" [https://www.hsdl.org/?abstract&did=839272]; and "Annex 2: Example of an Alert-Level System and Supporting Communication Tools - U.S." [https://www.hsdl.org/?abstract&did=839273].
Vital Strategies; Resolve to Saves Lives
2020-05-22?
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Social Science Support for COVID-19: Lessons Learned Brief 1: What Social Sciences Researchers Working in Humanitarian Contexts (Sub-Saharan Africa) Should Be Asking in COVID-19 and Why
From the Document: "There can be a tendency when first starting research around a topic, or responding in a crisis, to rapidly try to gather as much data as possible, as quickly as possible. Whilst this can result in a rich dataset of useful information, it may not be the best use of time, and may overlook key thematic data needed to influence humanitarian programme interventions. This brief was developed based on evidence and lessons learned from CASS [Social Sciences Analysis Cell] studies, to guide social scientists working in humanitarian programmes, or actors seeking to use social sciences research inside their COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] response in Sub-Saharan Africa. It provides a summary of suggested key social sciences research questions and their rationale to support and inform in operational field research and response programming in the Sub-Saharan African context."
UNICEF
2020-05-22
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Social Science Support for COVID-19: Lessons Learned Brief 3: Humanitarian Programme Recommendations for COVID-19 Based on Social Sciences Evidence from the DRC Ebola Outbreak Response
From the Document: "This brief was developed for actors working 'on the ground' in outbreak response in humanitarian programmes and contexts. It addresses recurrent programme recommendations, including strategies, interventions and activities, which resulted from social sciences analyses conducted by the CASS [Social Sciences Analysis Cell] during the Ebola outbreak in the DRC [Democratic Republic of the Congo] (2018-2020), and how these could be considered in COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] programme development (interventions and strategies)."
UNICEF
2020-05-22
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Social Science Support for COVID-19: Lessons Learned Brief 2: Gender Inclusiveness in COVID-19 Humanitarian Response Operations, Evidence from Social Sciences Outbreak Research
From the Document: "This brief was developed for actors working 'on the ground' in outbreak response in humanitarian programmes and contexts. It focuses on the importance, reasons and recommendations for how to ensure gender inclusivity in outbreak response, based on evidence and lessons learned from CASS [Social Sciences Analysis Cell] studies undertaken during the Ebola outbreak in the DRC [Democratic Republic of the Congo] (2018-present)."
UNICEF
2020-05-22
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Social Science Support for COVID-19: Lessons Learned Brief 4: Social Sciences Evidence on Barriers to Healthcare Seeking During the DRC Ebola Outbreak
From the Document: "This brief was developed for actors working 'on the ground' in humanitarian response programmes. It focuses on the importance, reasons and recommendations for minimising barriers to healthcare seeking in outbreak settings based on social sciences evidence from CASS [Social Sciences Analysis Cell] studies undertaken during the Ebola outbreak response in the DRC [Democratic Republic of the Congo]."
UNICEF
2020-05-22
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Transition to Conditions-Based Phased Approach to Coronavirus Disease 2019 Personnel Movement and Travel Restrictions
From the Document: "While the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic still presents risk to DoD Service members, civilians, and their families, improving conditions warrant a transition in our approach to domestic and overseas personnel travel to a conditions-based, phased approach to personnel movement and travel. While we make this transition, my priorities remain - protecting our Service members, DoD civilian employees, and families; safeguarding our national security capabilities; and supporting the whole-of-nation response. Effective immediately, this memorandum cancels reference (a) and reissues travel restriction guidance for DoD components that will remain in effect until further notice."
United States. Department of Defense
2020-05-22
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COVID-19 Strategic Preparedness and Response Plan: Operational Planning Guidelines to Support Country Preparedness and Response [May 22, 2020]
From the Purpose: "This document was developed by WHO [World Health Organization] to provide a practical guide that may be used by national authorities to develop and update their COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] national plans across the major pillars of of COVID-19 preparedness and response. [...] This document includes new recommendations for action aligned with recent technical guidance, including: maintaining essential health services and systems during the outbreak, and special considerations for community transmission in low-capacity and humanitarian settings. It should also be used by UNCTs [United Nations Country Teams] and key partners to develop or update their COVID-19 multiagency plans to complement and support national authorities."
World Health Organization
2020-05-22
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GAO Audits Involving DOD: Status of DOD's Efforts to Schedule and Hold Timely Entrance Conferences (May 22, 2020)
From the Document: "GAO's [Government Accountability Office] agency protocols govern GAO's relationships with audited entities. These protocols, coordinated with federal agencies including the Department of Defense (DOD), assist GAO in scheduling an entrance conference within 14 calendar days of receiving notice of a new audit. Entrance conferences provide GAO an opportunity to communicate its audit objectives and enable agencies to assign key points of contact to support its work. In past years, DOD has experienced difficulty meeting the protocol target for the timely facilitation of entrance conferences."
United States. Government Accountability Office
2020-05-22
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Framework for Decision-Making: Implementation of Mass Vaccination Campaigns in the Context of COVID-19
From the Background: "Mass vaccination campaigns to prevent or respond to outbreaks of vaccine-preventable diseases and high impact diseases (VPD/HID) are effective strategies to reduce deaths and disease. Yet many countries have had to postpone such vaccination campaigns due to the physical distancing measures implemented to reduce COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] transmission. For countries affected by both VPD/HID and COVID-19 outbreaks, determining the best course of action may be challenging. Weighing the benefits of a safe and effective intervention that reduces mortality and morbidity against the risks of increasing transmission of a new disease that may burden essential health services can be complex. The starting point for such considerations is a risk-benefit analysis that reviews in detail the epidemiological evidence and weighs the short- and medium-term public health consequences of implementing or postponing mass vaccination campaigns, weighed against a potential increase in COVID-19 transmission. In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, this document: I. outlines a common framework for decision-making for the conduct of preventive and outbreak response campaigns; II. offers principles to consider when deliberating the implementation of mass vaccination campaigns for prevention of increased risk of VPD/HID among susceptible populations; and III. details the risks and benefits of conducting vaccination campaigns to respond to VPD/HID outbreaks."
World Health Organization
2020-05-22
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Considerations for Release of Stockpiled N95s Beyond the Manufacturer-Designated Shelf Life (Updated May 22, 2020)
From the Background: "Some U.S. stockpiles include N95 filtering facepiece respirators (N95s) that have exceeded their manufacturer-designated shelf life. U.S. Government decision makers are considering whether these products should be released for use during the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] response. Information is provided below that may be used to inform these product release decisions. In times of respiratory protective device shortage, such as during the COVID-19 response, supplies must be managed so that protection against exposure is adequate."
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
2020-05-22
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Interim Infection Prevention and Control Recommendations for Healthcare Personnel During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic
From the Background: "This interim guidance has been updated based on currently available information about COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] and the current situation in the United States. As healthcare facilities begin to relax restrictions on healthcare services provided to patients (e.g., restarting elective procedures), in accordance with guidance from local and state officials, there are precautions that should remain in place as a part of the ongoing response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Most recommendations in this updated guidance are not new [...]; they have been reorganized into the following sections: Recommended infection prevention and control (IPC) practices for routine healthcare delivery during the pandemic Recommended IPC practices when caring for a patient with suspected or confirmed SARS-CoV-2 [severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2] infection This guidance is applicable to all U.S. healthcare settings. This guidance is not intended for non-healthcare settings (e.g., schools) OR for persons outside of healthcare settings."
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
2020-05-22
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BEOC Quick Start Guidance for COVID-19 Response and Recovery
From the Document: "A Business Emergency Operations Center (BEOC) can provide a consistent integration point for private and public coordination for sustained response and recovery operations throughout the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic, with no requirement for physical contact. [...] As communities work to implement reopening plans aligned to the President's Guidelines for Opening Up America Again and informed by available Community Mitigation Guidance and guidance for businesses and workplaces, engagement and integration of businesses and other organizations in a community is critical. This quick start guidance provides states, locals, tribes and territories with foundational concepts for establishing a BEOC to support their response and recovery operations for COVID-19."
United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency
2020-05-22
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Independent Fiscal Institutions: Promoting Fiscal Transparency and Accountability During the Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic
From the Document: "Governments worldwide are taking unprecedented action to respond to the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, adopting fiscal measures worth billions or even trillions of dollars to safeguard the wellbeing of their citizens and support households and businesses through a period of massive economic disruption. This report examines the response of independent fiscal institutions (IFIs) during this first rescue phase of the crisis,as they provide rapid analysis to decision-makers and the public. With many legislatures facing operational challenges and emergency protocols to expedite legislation, IFIs have a critical role to play supporting legislatures as they approve and oversee emergency measures."
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
2020-05-22
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MMWR: Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, May 22, 2020
The Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR) Series is prepared by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). [It] is the agency's primary vehicle for scientific publication of timely, reliable, authoritative, accurate, objective, and useful public health information and recommendations. This issue of MMWR contains the following: "Outbreak of Norovirus Illness Among Wildfire Evacuation Shelter Populations -- Butte and Glenn Counties, California, November 2018"; "Update on Extensively Drug-Resistant 'Salmonella' Serotype Typhi Infections Among Travelers to or from Pakistan and Report of Ceftriaxone-Resistant 'Salmonella' Serotype Typhi Infections Among Travelers to Iraq -- United States, 2018-2019"; "Surveillance to Track Progress Toward Polio Eradication -- Worldwide, 2018-2019"; "Decline in Child Vaccination Coverage During the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] Pandemic -- Michigan Care Improvement Registry, May 2016-May 2020"; "High COVID-19 Attack Rate Among Attendees at Events at a Church -- Arkansas, March 2020"; "Notes from the Field: Assessing the Role of Food Handlers in Hepatitis A Virus Transmission -- Multiple States, 2016-2019"; and "QuickStats: Percentage* of Adults Aged ≥18 Years with Disability, by Diagnosed Diabetes Status and Age Group -- National Health Interview Survey, United States, 2018." Notifiable Diseases and Mortality Tables from this issue can be accessed at the following link [http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/index2020.html].
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
2020-05-22
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State of the Nation: A 50-State COVID-19 Survey Report #2
From the Document: "Americans are in less of a hurry to reopen than their governors. Despite the movement toward economic reopening in all 50 states, we see little evidence that Americans are clamoring to speed up the reopening process. Overall, we found only a five percentage point increase from our prior survey wave in late April in the percentage of Americans preferring that the economy reopen 'immediately.' A sizable majority (60%) of Americans continue to prefer that the country wait at least four more weeks prior to reopening."
Rutgers University; Shorenstein Center on Media, Politics, and Public Policy; Northeastern University (Boston, Mass.) . . .
Lazer, David; Baum, Matthew A., 1965-; Perlis, Roy H. . . .
2020-05-22
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COVID-19 Toolkit for Rural Emergency Care Facilities in Australasia
From the document: "This toolkit provides guidance specific to smaller rural care facilities. Smaller rural emergency care facilities, especially those without on-site intensive care departments, may operate differently to metropolitan EDs [emergency departments] (see Appendix A). In this toolkit, 'Rural Emergency Care Facilities' may include: [1] a Level 1 ED that provides emergency care within a designated area of a remote or rural hospital, as defined in ACEM's [Australasian College for Emergency Medicine's] Statement on the Delineation of Emergency Departments; and [2] other hospital-based facilities that provide emergency care services in a rural setting, such as small rural hospitals and urgent care centres. The principles of pandemic care are the same, but the details may need modification. This toolkit provides consensus-based advice on how to apply pandemic principles at these Rural Emergency Care Facilities."
Australasian College for Emergency Medicine
2020-05-22
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Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Situation Report - 123
From the Highlights: "[1] WHO [World Health Organization] and United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) joined forces to improve health services for refugees, displaced and stateless people. WHO and UNHCR signed a new agreement to strengthen and advance public health services for the millions of displaced people around the world. A key aim this year will be to support ongoing efforts to protect some 70 million displaced people due to COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019]. [2] WHO has supported the Smithsonian Science Education Center and InterAcademy Partnership to launch a new COVID-19 rapid-response guide for young people aged 8-17 years, titled 'COVID-19! How can I protect myself and others?'. The guide, which is based on the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals, aims to help young people understand the science and social science of COVID-19 as well as help them take action to keep themselves, their families and communities safe. [3] WHO has launched a new search feature for questions on COVID-19. WHO's COVID-19 webpage now features an enhanced natural language processing search bar, which understands questions posed in everyday language and more accurately delivers answers to those queries."
World Health Organization
2020-05-22
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COVID-19 Crisis Highlights Importance of US-India Ties
From the Document: "The coronavirus pandemic has brought several international issues into sharper focus. One serious concern is the loss of confidence in the decision-making processes of global institutions, particularly in the area of public health. Given the erosion of global leadership, can India and the US act together to address the challenges to global governance regimes raised by the pandemic?"
East-West Center
Panda, Jagannath P.
2020-05-22
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Proposal for a Fair and Feasible Formula for the Allocation of CARES Act COVID‐19 Relief Funds to American Indian and Alaska Native Tribal Governments
From the Summary: "Title V of the CARES [Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security] Act requires that the Act's funds earmarked for tribal governments be released immediately and that they be used for actions taken to respond to the COVID‐19 pandemic. These may include costs incurred by tribal governments to respond directly to the crisis, such as medical or public health expenditures by tribal health departments. Eligible costs may also include burdens associated with what the U.S. Treasury Department calls 'second‐order effects,' such as having to provide economic support to those suffering from employment or business interruptions due to pandemic‐driven business closures. Determining eligible costs is problematic. Title V of the CARES Act instructs that the costs to be covered are those incurred between March 1, 2020 and December 30, 2020. Not only does this create the need for some means of approximating expenditures that are not yet incurred or known, but the Act's emphasis on the rapid release of funds to tribes also makes it imperative that a fair and feasible formula be devised to allocate the funds across 574 tribes without imposing undue delay and costs on either the federal government or the tribes."
Harvard Project on American Indian Economic Development; Native Nations Institute for Leadership, Management, and Policy (U.S.)
Akee, Randall K. Q. (Randall Kekoa Quinones); Henson, Eric C.; Jorgensen, Miriam R. . . .
2020-05-22
