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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: H.R. 6824, President's Cup Cybersecurity Competition Act
From the Document: "H.R. 6824 would authorize the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) to conduct an awards competition for the federal cybersecurity workforce. Under the bill, CISA would award financial prizes to federal employees who apply technical skills to solve real-world cybersecurity scenarios. The bill also would require CISA to report to the Congress on the effectiveness of the competition."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2022-04-27
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F-35 Joint Strike Fighter: Cost Growth and Schedule Delays Continue, Statement of Jon Ludwigson, Director, Contracting and National Security Acquisitions, Testimony Before the Subcommittee on Tactical Air and Land Forces, Committee on Armed Services, House of Representatives
From the Highlights: "The F-35 Lightning II Joint Strike Fighter program remains DOD's most expensive weapon system program. It is estimated to cost over $1.7 trillion to buy, operate, and sustain. DOD plans to acquire 2,470 F-35s to replace several other aircraft used by the Air Force, Navy, and Marine Corps. As of November 2021, the program has delivered over 700 aircraft of the 3,360 currently planned for the U.S. services, allied partners, and foreign military sales customers. This testimony discusses acquisition related risks in the F-35 baseline program and modernization effort. It is largely based on GAO's [Government Accountability Office's] April 2022 report (GAO-22-105128 [hyperlink]) on F-35 acquisition. [...] Since 2001, GAO has made 46 recommendations across 18 reports aimed at improving the acquisition of the F-35 aircraft. DOD has agreed with many of these recommendations and taken action to address some but not all of them. Among those recommendations that have not yet been implemented are several focused on addressing continuing cost growth and schedule delays in DOD's upgrades of F-35 hardware and software systems."
United States. Government Accountability Office
2022-04-27
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: H.R. 2428, Strengthening Oversight for Veterans Act of 2021
From the Document: "H.R. 2428 would authorize the Office of the Inspector General of the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) to issue subpoenas to compel witnesses to participate in its investigations. The Inspector General would not be authorized to subpoena federal employees or witnesses in other criminal proceedings. Under the bill, the Attorney General must be notified prior to the issuance of any subpoena. The Inspector General would be required to report to the Congress the number of subpoenas it issued."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2022-04-27
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: H.R. 2988, Whistleblower Protection Improvement Act of 2021
From the Document: "H.R. 2988 would create new protections for federal employees who report fraud or other improprieties, expand and clarify existing protections, and establish new procedures to ensure that employees receive timely relief if their claims of retaliation are affirmed. The bill also would extend whistleblower protections to noncareer appointees in the Senior Executive Service, Public Health Service officers or applicants, and members of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's commissioned officer corps."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2022-04-27
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: S. 521, Multinational Species Conservation Funds Semipostal Stamp Reauthorization Act of 2021
From the Document: "S. 521 would direct the Postal Service (USPS) to continue to sell the Save Vanishing Species semipostal stamp until all are sold and to reprint any destroyed stamps. Under current law, USPS can sell the stamps through September 30, 2022. The stamps cost 75 cents each; amounts that USPS collects above regular first-class postage (currently 58 cents) are treated as offsetting collections of the Postal Service and are transferred to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) to support the Multinational Species Conservation Funds. Using information on past sales, CBO estimates that collections under the bill would total less than $1 million annually. CBO [Congressional Budget Office] expects those amounts to be transferred soon after receipt. Using information from the Postal Service, we estimate that any costs to reprint stamps would be insignificant and would be offset by proceeds from the sale of those stamps, resulting in no net change in spending by USPS over the 2022-2031 period. Postal Service collections and spending, including the transfer to USFWS, are classified as off-budget."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2022-04-27
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: H.R. 5428, School Shooting Safety and Preparedness Act
From the Document: "H.R. 5428 would require the Secretary of Education, in coordination with the Attorney General and the Secretary of Health and Human Services, to publish an annual report on school crime and safety, including statistics on school shootings. Based on the cost to prepare similar reports, CBO [Congressional Budget Office] estimates that it would cost $1 million over the 2022-2026 period to collect data and write the annual reports; any spending would be subject to the availability of appropriated amounts."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2022-04-27
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: H.R. 4349, Department of Homeland Security Office for Civil Rights and Civil Liberties Authorization Act
From the Document: "H.R. 4349 would authorize in statute the existing Office for Civil Rights and Civil Liberties within the Department of Homeland Security (DHS). The bill specifies responsibilities for the office, including overseeing DHS's compliance with current civil rights laws and integrating those laws into its activities. H.R. 4349 also would require each operational component within DHS to have an officer for civil rights and civil liberties. Finally, the bill would require the office to assess the effects of DHS's regulations on civil rights and civil liberties. Although DHS already carries out many of the bill's requirements, H.R. 4349 would broaden some responsibilities and require DHS to undertake new activities. In total, CBO [Congressional Budget Office] estimates implementing the bill would cost $10 million over the 2022-2026 period, as shown in Table 1. Any spending would be subject to the availability of appropriated funds. The costs of the legislation fall in budget function 750 (administration of justice)."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2022-04-27
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: S. 3309, Securing Semiconductor Supply Chains Act of 2021
From the Document: "S. 3309 would direct the Department of Commerce (DOC), through its SelectUSA program, to solicit comments from state economic development organizations about how to support foreign direct investment in semiconductor production. The bill also would require the department to report to the Congress on the comments and strategies that SelectUSA may implement to increase such investment. Using information from DOC, CBO [Congressional Budget Office] expects the department would need two employees and six contractors over the 2022-2024 period to carry out the comment solicitation process and complete the required report. On that basis, CBO estimates that implementing S. 3309 would cost $4 million over the 2022-2026 period; such spending would be subject to the availability of appropriated funds. The CBO staff contact for this estimate is David Hughes. The estimate was reviewed by H. Samuel Papenfuss, Deputy Director of Budget Analysis."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2022-04-27
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Recession Remedies: Lessons Learned from the U.S. Economic Policy Response to COVID-19
From the Webpage: "The COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic posed an extraordinary threat to lives and livelihoods. In the United States, the pandemic triggered a sharp downturn. Yet, the ensuing economic recovery was faster and stronger than nearly any forecaster anticipated due in part to the swift, aggressive, sustained, and creative response of U.S. fiscal and monetary policy. But when the next recession arrives, it most likely won't be triggered by a pandemic. Recession Remedies examines and evaluates the breadth of the economic-policy response to COVID-19. Chapters address unemployment insurance, Economic Impact Payments, loans and grants to businesses, assistance to renters and mortgage holders, aid to state and local governments, policies that targeted children, Federal Reserve policy, and the use of nontraditional data to monitor the economy and guide policy. These chapters provide evidence and lessons to apply to the next recession."
Brookings Institution
Edelberg, Wendy; Sheiner, Louise; Wessel, David
2022-04-27
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Russia's War in Ukraine: Military and Intelligence Aspects [Updated April 27, 2022]
From the Introduction: "Russia's renewed invasion of neighboring Ukraine in February 2022 marked the start of Europe's deadliest armed conflict in decades. It also prompted intensive international efforts to respond to the war. Multiple Members of Congress have engaged with U.S. and international measures, including by supporting sanctions against Russia, providing assistance to Ukraine, and bolstering support to neighboring NATO countries. The immediate and long-term implications of the war are likely to be far-reaching, affecting numerous policy dimensions of concern to Congress. This report addresses Russian and Ukrainian military and intelligence aspects of the war, which are of interest to many in Congress as Congress considers various legislative measures and conducts oversight of U.S. policy. It provides an overview of the conflict, including the run-up to the invasion, the performance and conduct of the Russian and Ukrainian militaries, possible Russian intentions, and recent developments on the ground."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Bowen, Andrew S.
2022-04-27
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Unemployment Insurance: Program Integrity and Fraud Concerns Related to the COVID-19 Pandemic Response [April 27, 2022]
From the Document: "The federal-state Unemployment Insurance (UI) system has faced long-standing program integrity challenges. The enhanced and expanded UI benefits created in response to the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic exacerbated some of these challenges and introduced new considerations related to improper payments and fraud. This report defines key concepts related to UI program integrity, including fraud; addresses what is known about the scope of COVID-19 UI program integrity and fraud at this time; summarizes challenges related to UI program integrity, especially in light of the COVID-19 pandemic; and synthesizes existing policy proposals and introduced legislation to address UI program integrity generally and fraud specifically."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Isaacs, Katelin P., 1980-; Whittaker, Julie M.
2022-04-27
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S. Rept. 117-98: Report to Accompany S. 1941, Including Cost Estimate of the Congressional Budget Office, April 27, 2022
From the Purpose and Summary: "S. 1941, the Metropolitan Areas Protection and Standardization Act of 2021, or MAPS Act of 2021, requires the Director of OMB [Office of Management and Budget] to standardize the use of metropolitan area designations across federal programs, and extends the amount of days for public comment on any proposed change to such designations. It also requires a report on the scientific basis and estimated impact to federal programs for any proposed change to such designations."
United States. Government Publishing Office
2022-04-27
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Navy Force Structure and Shipbuilding Plans: Background and Issues for Congress [April 27, 2022]
From the Introduction: "This report presents background information and issues for Congress concerning the Navy's force structure and shipbuilding plans. The current and planned size and composition of the Navy, the annual rate of Navy ship procurement, the prospective affordability of the Navy's shipbuilding plans, and the capacity of the U.S. shipbuilding industry to execute the Navy's shipbuilding plans have been oversight matters for the congressional defense committees for many years. The issue for Congress is whether to approve, reject, or modify the Navy's force-level goal, its proposed FY2023 shipbuilding program, and its longer-term shipbuilding plans. Decisions that Congress makes on this issue can substantially affect Navy capabilities and funding requirements and the U.S. shipbuilding industrial base."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
O'Rourke, Ronald
2022-04-27
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Information Technology Spending in the President's Budget Submission: In Brief [Updated April 27, 2022]
From the Introduction: "Over the past two decades, government spending on information technology has evolved from a minor component of the President's annual budget submission to a dedicated chapter. This evolution may reflect the increased importance of IT [information technology] systems to agencies' operations as well as the increased focus on IT policy issues by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) and the President. In recognition of IT's role in sustaining government operations and achieving policy goals, Congress has passed a series of measures that assign certain IT planning and management responsibilities to executive branch agencies, agency chief information officers (CIOs), and OMB. These actors may play significant roles in the budgeting, management, and funding of IT. This report discusses how congressional and executive branch actions have shaped the format and content of federal IT budgetary reporting, including aggregated reporting on IT spending that has been included in the President's budget submission. Drawing on this data, the report analyzes how aggregate federal IT spending, as reported by OMB, has changed over time in recent years. The report concludes by briefly analyzing budget data presented in the most recent presidential budget submission for FY2023."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Fiorentino, Dominick A.
2022-04-27
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Navy Columbia (SSBN-826) Class Ballistic Missile Submarine Program: Background and Issues for Congress [Updated April 27, 2022]
From the Introduction: "This report provides background information and potential oversight issues for Congress on the Navy's Columbia (SSBN-826) class program, a program to design and build a class of 12 new ballistic missile submarines (SSBNs) to replace the Navy's current force of 14 aging Ohio-class SSBNs. Since 2013, the Navy has consistently identified the Columbia-class program as the Navy's top priority program. The Navy procured the first Columbia-class boat in FY2021 and wants to procure the second boat in the class in FY2024. The Navy's proposed FY2023 budget requests $5,857.8 million (i.e., about $5.9 billion) in procurement and advance procurement (AP) funding for the program."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
O'Rourke, Ronald
2022-04-27
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Internships in Congressional Offices: Frequently Asked Questions [Updated April 27, 2022]
From the Summary: "This report addresses frequently asked questions (FAQs) about congressional interns and internships. It is intended to provide information to congressional offices about the role of interns and to provide a summary of some of the policies and guidance provided by the House and the Senate related to internships. It addresses the House and Senate rules that apply to congressional internships, factors that may affect an office's selection process and an individual's eligibility to serve in an internship, and some of the congressional resources and training opportunities available for interns."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Eckman, Sarah J.
2022-04-27
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Cross-Sectional Study of Factors Associated with COVID-19 Testing Among People Who Inject Drugs: Missed Opportunities for Reaching Those Most at Risk
From the Abstract: "People who inject drugs (PWID) are vulnerable to SARS-CoV-2 [severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2] infection. We examined correlates of COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] testing among PWID in the U.S.-Mexico border region and described encounters with services representing potential opportunities (i.e., 'touchpoints') where COVID-19 testing could have been offered. [...] We identified several factors independently associated with COVID-19 testing and multiple touchpoints where COVID-19 testing could be scaled up for PWID, such as SUD [substance use disorder] treatment programs and syringe service programs. Integrated health services are needed to improve access to rapid, free COVID-19 testing in this vulnerable population."
Springer Nature (Firm)
Yeager, Samantha; Abramovitz, Daniela; Harvey-Vera, Alicia Yolanda . . .
2022-04-27
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H. Rept. 117-303: Providing for Consideration of the Bill (S. 3522) to Provide Enhanced Authority for the President to Enter into Agreements with the Government of Ukraine to Lend or Lease Defense Articles to That Government to Protect Civilian Populations in Ukraine from Russian Military Invasion, and for Other Purposes; and for Other Purposes, Report to Accompany H. Res. 1065, April 27, 2022
From the Summary of Provisions of the Resolution: "The resolution provides for consideration of S. 3522, the Ukraine Democracy Defense Lend-Lease Act of 2022, under a closed rule. The resolution provides one hour of general debate equally divided and controlled by the chair and ranking minority member of the Committee on Foreign Affairs or their designees. The resolution waives all points of order against consideration of the bill. The resolution provides that the bill shall be considered as read. The resolution waives all points of order against provisions in the bill. The resolution provides one motion to commit. The resolution provides that House Resolution 1035 is hereby adopted. The resolution provides that House Resolution 188, agreed to March 8, 2021 (as most recently amended by House Resolution 1017, agreed to March 31, 2022), is amended by striking 'April 29, 2022' each place it appears and inserting (in each instance) 'May 13, 2022'."
United States. Government Publishing Office
2022-04-27
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S. Rept. 117-96: GAO Database Modernization Act of 2021, to Accompany S. 629, April 27, 2022
From the Purpose and Summary: "The purpose of S. 629, the GAO Database Modernization Act of 2021, is to ensure that the Government Accountability Office (GAO)'s Congressional Review Act (CRA) database reflects the most up-to-date rules that agencies promulgate. For any rule already required by the CRA to be reported to GAO, the bill requires agencies to provide GAO with updated information if the rule is later revoked, suspended, replaced, amended, or for any reason no longer effective."
United States. Government Publishing Office
2022-04-27
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: H.R. 350, Domestic Terrorism Prevention Act of 2022
From the Document: "Under current law, the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), the Department of Justice (DOJ), and the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) investigate, prosecute, and work to prevent acts of terrorism--both domestic and international in nature. H.R. 350 would require each of those agencies to operate offices dedicated to investigating, preventing, and prosecuting domestic terrorism and would authorize the appropriation of whatever amounts are necessary for those offices. Under the bill, the agencies would be required to produce a joint report every six months that assesses, quantifies, and characterizes domestic terrorism threats nationwide, including threats posed by white supremacist and neo-Nazi groups. Each agency's domestic terrorism office would be directed to focus its resources on the most significant threats, as determined by the number of incidents from each threat category identified in the joint report during the preceding six months. [...] CBO [Congressional Budget Office] estimates that implementing the legislation would cost $105 million over the 2022-2026 period."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2022-04-26
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: S. 3522, Ukraine Democracy Defense Lend-Lease Act of 2022
From the Document: "S. 3522 would authorize the Administration, through fiscal year 2023, to lend or lease military equipment to Ukraine and other Eastern European countries. The act would exempt the Administration from certain provisions of law that govern the loan or lease of military equipment to foreign countries, such as the five-year limit on the duration of the loan or the requirement that receiving countries pay all costs incurred by the United States in leasing the defense equipment. Any loan or lease of military equipment to Ukraine would still be subject to all applicable laws concerning the return of such equipment. [...] Because CBO [Congressional Budget Office] has insufficient information about how the Administration would use the authorities under S. 3522, we have no basis to estimate its effects on federal spending. Enacting the bill would not affect revenues."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2022-04-26
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: S. 2793, SMART Leasing Act
From the Document: "S. 2793 would establish a pilot program under which the General Services Administration (GSA) could enter into long-term, enhanced-use leases (EULs) for certain underused, non-excess federal property. The bill also would require GSA to submit annual progress reports to the Congress. [...] CBO [Congressional Budget Office] estimates that enacting S. 2793 would not increase on-budget deficits by more than $5 billion in any of the four consecutive 10-year periods beginning in 2032."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2022-04-26
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: H.R. 1975, Pala Band of Mission Indians Land Transfer Act of 2021 [April 26, 2022]
From the Document: "H.R. 1975 would direct the Department of the Interior (DOI) to take into trust approximately 720 acres of land in San Diego County, California, owned by the Pala Band of Mission Indians. Under the act, DOI would hold title to that land for the benefit of the tribe. The legislation also would prohibit certain types of gaming on those lands. Using information provided by DOI, CBO [Congressional Budget Office] estimates that the administrative costs the agency would incur to implement H.R. 1975 would not be significant. H.R. 1975 would impose an intergovernmental mandate as defined in the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act (UMRA). The bill would prohibit state and local governments from taxing land taken into trust for the Pala Band of Mission Indians. Based on information from San Diego County, the taxable value of the land that would be placed into trust is approximately $2.3 million. That taxable value indicates that foregone property tax and fee revenues would fall significantly below the annual threshold established in UMRA ($85 million in 2021, adjusted annually for inflation). The bill contains no private-sector mandates. On February 24, 2022, CBO transmitted a cost estimate for H.R. 1975 [hyperlink], the Pala Band of Mission Indians Land Transfer Act of 2021, as passed by the House of Representatives on November 2, 2021. The two pieces of legislation and CBO's estimates of their budgetary effects are the same."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2022-04-26
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Campaign Finance and the First Amendment: Supreme Court Considers Constitutionality of Limits on Repayment of Candidate Loans [April 26, 2022]
From the Document: "Campaign finance is back before the Supreme Court. In 'Federal Election Commission (FEC) v. Ted Cruz for Senate' [hyperlink], the Court is faced with a challenge to a federal campaign finance law that establishes a $250,000 limit on the amount of post-election campaign contributions that may be used to repay a candidate for personal campaign loans made pre-election. Specifically, the Court is evaluating whether the appellees, Senator Rafael Edward 'Ted' Cruz and his campaign committee, Ted Cruz for Senate (Senator Cruz's principal campaign committee), have standing to challenge the limit and, if so, whether the limit violates the Free Speech Clause of the First Amendment [hyperlink]. In June 2021, a three-judge panel of the U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia invalidated the limit as unconstitutional under the First Amendment. If the Court adopts the reasoning of the district court, this case could affect the constitutionality of other current campaign finance laws and legislation going forward. This Legal Sidebar provides background on the law being challenged and an overview of the Supreme Court's framework for analyzing the constitutionality of campaign finance law, discusses the procedural history and lower court rulings in this case, outlines arguments made before the Court, and explores potential implications of this case for Congress."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Whitaker, L. Paige
2022-04-26
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Navy Next-Generation Logistics Ship (NGLS) Program: Background and Issues for Congress [Updated April 26, 2022]
From the Introduction: "The Navy's Next-Generation Logistics Ship (NGLS) program envisages procuring new medium-sized at-sea resupply ships for the Navy. The Navy's proposed FY2023 budget requests $3.0 million in research and development funding for the program. The Navy's five-year (FY2023- FY2027) shipbuilding plan programs the procurement of the first NGLS in FY2026 at a cost of $150.0 million and the second in FY2027 at a cost of $156.0 million."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
O'Rourke, Ronald
2022-04-26
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DHS Actions Related to an I&A Intelligence Product Deviated from Standard Procedures (Redacted)
From the Highlights: "Our objective was to determine whether DHS followed its standard process when it drafted, edited, and disseminated an I&A [Office of Intelligence and Analysis] intelligence product regarding Russian interference in the 2020 U.S. Presidential election. [...] I&A, working with relevant external offices as appropriate, should identify and implement changes to the review and dissemination process for I&A's election-related intelligence products to ensure they are in accordance with applicable policies and guidelines."
United States. Department of Homeland Security. Office of Inspector General
2022-04-26
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: S. 3666, Accountability for Cryptocurrency in El Salvador Act
From the Document: "In 2021, El Salvador officially adopted a cryptocurrency as legal tender. S. 3666 would require the Department of State to report to the Congress on the details and ramifications of that action. The bill also would require the department to devise, implement, and report to the Congress on a plan to mitigate any potential risk to the U.S. financial system from El Salvador's action and similar actions by other countries. On the basis of information about the costs to prepare similar reports, CBO [Congressional Budget Office] estimates that satisfying that requirement would cost less than $500,000 over the 2022-2026 period. Such spending would be subject to the availability of appropriated funds. The CBO staff contact for this estimate is Sunita D'Monte. The estimate was reviewed by Leo Lex, Deputy Director of Budget Analysis."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2022-04-26
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: H.R. 4881, Old Pascua Community Land Acquisition Act
From the Document: "H.R. 4881 would direct the Department of the Interior (DOI) to take into trust about 30 acres of tribally owned lands in Pima County, Arizona, for the benefit of the Pascua Yaqui Tribe. The legislation also would make gaming activities conducted on that land subject to the Indian Gaming Regulatory Act. Using information provided by DOI, CBO [Congressional Budget Office] estimates that the administrative costs to implement H.R. 4881 would not be significant."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2022-04-26
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Tracking Federal Awards: USAspending.gov and Other Data Sources [Updated April 26, 2022]
From the Summary: "USAspending.gov, available at http://www.USAspending.gov, is a government source for data on federal awards by state, congressional district (CD), county, city, and zip code. The awards data in USAspending.gov are provided by federal agencies and represent contracts, grants, loans, and other forms of financial assistance. USAspending.gov also provides tools for examining the broader picture of federal spending obligations within the categories of budget function, agency, and object class. Using USAspending.gov to locate and compile accurate data on federal awards can be challenging due, in part, to continuing data quality issues that have been identified by the U.S. Government Accountability Office (GAO). Users of USAspending.gov need to be aware that while search results may be useful for informing consideration of certain questions, these results may be incomplete or contain inaccuracies."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Teefy, Jennifer
2022-04-26
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Tracking Federal Awards in States and Congressional Districts Using USAspending.gov [Updated April 26, 2022]
From the Document: "USAspending.gov, available to the public at http://www.USAspending.gov, is a government source for data on federal awards by state, congressional district (CD), zip code, city, and county. The awards data in USAspending.gov is provided by federal agencies and represents grants, contracts, loans, and other financial assistance. Grant awards include money the federal government commits for projects in states, local jurisdictions, regions, territories, and tribal reservations, as well as payments for eligible needs to help individuals and families. Contract awards refer to bids and agreements the federal government makes for specific goods and services. USAspending.gov does not include data on actual spending by recipients."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Teefy, Jennifer
2022-04-26
