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MMWR: Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, August 12, 2022
The Morbidity and Mortality Weekly (MMWR) is a government published scientific periodical series offering public health information. This issue of MMWR contains the following: "COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] Self-Test Data: Challenges and Opportunities -- United States, October 31, 2021-June 11, 2022"; "'Vital Signs': Hepatitis C Treatment Among Insured Adults -- United States, 2019-2020"; "Epidemiologic and Clinical Characteristics of Monkeypox Cases -- United States, May 17-July 22, 2022"; "Interim Guidance for Prevention and Treatment of Monkeypox in Persons with HIV Infection -- United States, August 2022"; "'Notes from the Field': School-Based and Laboratory-Based Reporting of Positive COVID-19 Test Results Among School-Aged Children -- New York, September 11, 2021- April 29, 2022"; "'Notes From the Field': Overdose Deaths Involving Eutylone (Psychoactive Bath Salts) -- United States, 2020"; and "'QuickStats': Percentage of Adults Aged ≥18 Years with Current Hepatitis C Virus Infection, by Health Insurance Coverage -- National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, United States, January 2017-March 2020." Notifiable Diseases and Mortality Tables from this issue can be accessed at the following link [http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/index2022.html].
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
2022-08-12
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Resources for Tracking Federal COVID-19 Spending [Updated August 12, 2022]
From the Summary: "Congress has responded to the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic with supplemental appropriations measures providing relief and assistance to individuals and families, state and local governments, businesses, health care providers, and other entities. [...] This report provides selected sources for tracking COVID-19 relief and assistance spending. It contains links to and information on government sources detailing spending amounts at various levels, including consolidated spending by multiple government agencies, spending by individual government agencies, and spending by recipient types and geographies. The sources themselves are large government databases, individual agencies, oversight entities, and selected nongovernmental entities that attempt to repackage information on spending amounts obtained from available government sources."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Teefy, Jennifer; Kreiser, Maria
2022-08-12
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MMWR Early Release: Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, August 11, 2022: Summary of Guidance for Minimizing the Impact of COVID-19 on Individual Persons, Communities, and Health Care Systems -- United States, August 2022
The Morbidity and Mortality Weekly (MMWR) is a government published scientific periodical series offering public health information. This Early Release issue of MMWR contains the following article: "Summary of Guidance for Minimizing the Impact of COVID-19 on Individual Persons, Communities, and Health Care Systems -- United States, August 2022." Notifiable Diseases and Mortality Tables from MMWR can be accessed at the following link [http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/index2022.html].
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
2022-08-11
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MMWR: Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, August 5, 2022
The Morbidity and Mortality Weekly (MMWR) is a government published scientific periodical series offering public health information. This issue of MMWR contains the following: "Outbreaks of Acute Gastrointestinal Illness Associated with a Splash Pad in a Wildlife Park -- Kansas, June 2021"; "Interim Recommendation of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices for Use of the Novavax COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] Vaccine in Persons Aged ≥18 years -- United States, July 2022"; "Post-COVID-19 Symptoms and Conditions Among Children and Adolescents -- United States, March 1, 2020-January 31, 2022"; "'Notes from the Field': Increase in Pediatric Intracranial Infections During the COVID-19 Pandemic -- Eight Pediatric Hospitals, United States, March 2020-March 2022"; and "'QuickStats': Age-Adjusted Death Rates from Diabetes Mellitus Among Adults Aged ≥65 Years, by Single Race and Hispanic Origin -- National Vital Statistics System, United States, 2020." Notifiable Diseases and Mortality Tables from this issue can be accessed at the following link [http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/index2022.html].
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
2022-08-05
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: S. 552, Global Learning Loss Assessment Act of 2022
From the Document: "S. 552 would require the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) to report to the Congress on how the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic and related school closures have affected the agency's programs to promote basic education in developing countries. The report also would describe how USAID has supported continued learning and how the agency plans to address continued social and health risks from the pandemic. On the basis of information about similar reports, CBO [Congressional Budget Office] estimates that implementing the bill would cost less than $500,000 over the 2022-2027 period. Such spending would be subject to the availability of appropriated funds. On May 10, 2021, CBO transmitted a cost estimate for H.R. 1500, the Global Learning Loss Assessment Act of 2021, as order reported by the House Committee on Foreign Affairs on March 25, 2021. The two bills are similar, and CBO's estimates of the cost of implementing them are the same."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2022-08-03
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Robust Emergency Department Framework for Handling SARS, COVID 19, Monkey Pox or Any Other Threats: Making Resilience a Priority
From the Abstract: "The world has seen several large scale pandemics and infectious diseases (ID) outbreaks in more recent years. This, together with the other mass casualty, disasters and critical incidents point to the need for a robust and fundamentally strong, evidence-based model of care and response in Emergency Departments and healthcare institutions. The Covid 19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic has shown us many gaps that need to be filled, the need to share best practices, the need for resilience engineering and adequate management of human factors. This paper shares the author's perspective on all the above and how a basic principled model can be used as a basis, upon which all other fine-tuning, customization and modifications can be done for every new disaster, crisis or pandemic that is encountered. The fundamentals have to be strong and understood by all staff. Resiliency is not just focused on the Emergency Department but must be inculcated downstream across all departments in any institution. Elements categorized under Space, Staff, Supplies, Sequence, Sustainability and Security/ safety must all be looked into and integrated in the wholesome planning of response. Blind spots and latent threats should also be sought by regular practice through exercises and simulation. Only this way, can preparedness be stepped up, be made state-of-the-art and both staff and the institution will be ready for the onslaught of any incidents and upsurge."
Medical and Research Publications
Lateef, Fatimah
2022-08-01
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COVID Pandemic and the Federal Budget
From the Abstract: "The COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic and the associated policy responses generated large federal budget deficits in recent years. The good news is that these factors are expected to have mainly short-term effects on the federal budget. The bad news is that - as the pandemic recedes, the associated policies expire, and the economy transitions to a more normal state of affairs - the government inherits a much larger national debt than was projected before the pandemic, and other fiscal parameters return more or less to their pre-COVID trajectories, which already were and still are unsustainable and will eventually require federal action. How quickly those actions are needed will depend on many factors, including the path of interest rates."
Brookings Institute. Economic Studies Program
Auerbach, Alan J.; Gale, William G.
2022-08
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National Research Action Plan on Long COVID
From the Executive Summary: "On April 5, 2022, President Biden issued the 'Memorandum on Addressing the Long-Term Effects of COVID-19' [coronavirus disease 2019] outlining actions needed to support the American people in addressing the longer-term effects of COVID-19. The President charged the Secretary of Health and Human Services with coordinating a government-wide response to Long COVID. An element of that response was for the Department of Health and Human Services, in collaboration with federal partners, to develop two reports[:] [1] Services and Supports for Longer-Term Impacts of COVID-19 Report (Services Report)[;] [2] National Research Action Plan on Long COVID (the Plan). The Services Report outlines federal services and mechanisms of support available to the American public in addressing the longer-term effects of COVID-19. The Plan provides the first U.S. government-wide national research agenda focused on advancing prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and provision of services and supports for individuals and families experiencing Long COVID."
United States. Department of Health and Human Services
2022-08
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COVID-19 Vaccination: Selected U.S. Data Sources [Updated August 1, 2022]
From the Document: "The sources below can help congressional staff track the progress of the U.S. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination campaign at the national, state, and local levels. Sources were selected for having commonly cited and frequently requested data. This list is not intended to be comprehensive. Because different resources use different methodologies, readers should check websites' notes and caveats, and use caution when comparing data. For help interpreting or analyzing these data, congressional staff should contact CRS [Congressional Research Service] (202-707-5700, or place an online request)."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Cornell, Ada S.; Napili, Angela
2022-08-01
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Competition in International Shipping: What the Administration Misunderstands About the Current Crisis, and How the Jones Act Makes Everyone Worse Off
From the Document: "This brief's title, especially the latter part, may seem puzzling at first: How can a policy that makes everyone worse off have stayed around for 100 years basically unaltered? The title portrays a bigger picture, though: American shipbuilders, mariners, and shipping company owners are better off because of the law, but the rest of the population--those not employed in the building or sailing of US-built, -owned, -flagged, and -crewed ships that carry domestic goods by water--is worse off. Without the law, shipping would be less expensive; gas prices and highway congestion might be less too. Despite these facts, and despite multiple recessions, wars, and even a life-altering pandemic over the past 100 years, the Jones Act has enjoyed steadfast bipartisan support. Although 2022's monumental supply chain disruptions are not entirely the fault of the Jones Act, it is not a stretch to say the act has played a pivotal role in exacerbating the crisis. In the wake of a pandemic that, as of this brief's publication, has not yet fully ended, shipping costs have skyrocketed. Wait times for basic goods have increased too, with staple home appliances such as dishwashers and refrigerators taking months to arrive in stores"
Mercatus Center
Abbott, Alden F.; Mercado, Andrew L.
2022-08
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Quarterly Report to the United States Congress, April Through June 2022
From the Document: "I am pleased to present our ninth Quarterly Report to Congress. During this reporting period we conducted four audit attestations of airlines that received direct loans under the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) Act. These attestations showed that the airlines properly completed certifications to the Department of the Treasury (Treasury) for their loans to move on to the underwriting phase. This work is important as the taxpayer relies on air transport in their daily lives and expects their hard-earned dollars to be utilized in the way the CARES Act intended. We also issued an alert memorandum notifying Treasury that its Calendar Year 2021 direct loan monitoring was delayed. We recommended Treasury create and finalize a monitoring policy and a plan of action to ensure that monitoring is done in a timely manner. Treasury agreed with our recommendations."
United States. Office of the Special Inspector General for Pandemic Recovery
2022-07-29?
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MMWR: Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, July 22, 2022
The Morbidity and Mortality Weekly (MMWR) is a government published scientific periodical series offering public health information. This issue of MMWR contains the following: "Influenza Activity and Composition of the 2022-23 Influenza Vaccine -- United States, 2021-22 Season"; "Workplace Perceptions and Experiences Related to COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] Response Efforts Among Public Health Workers -- Public Health Workforce Interests and Needs Survey, United States, September 2021-January 2022"; "Symptoms of Mental Health Conditions and Suicidal Ideation Among State, Tribal, Local, and Territorial Public Health Workers -- United States, March 14-25, 2022"; "Effectiveness of 2, 3, and 4 COVID-19 mRNA [messenger ribonucleic acid] Vaccine Doses Among Immunocompetent Adults During Periods when SARS-CoV-2 [severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2] Omicron BA.1 and BA.2/BA.2.12.1 Sublineages Predominated -- VISION Network, 10 States, December 2021-June 2022"; "'Vital Signs': Drug Overdose Deaths, by Selected Sociodemographic and Social Determinants of Health Characteristics -- 25 States and the District of Columbia, 2019-2020"; and "QuickStats: Age-Adjusted Drug Overdose Death Rates Among Workers Aged 16-64 Years in Usual Occupation Groups with the Highest Drug Overdose Death Rates -- National Vital Statistics System, United States, 2020." Notifiable Diseases and Mortality Tables from this issue can be accessed at the following link [https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/index2022.html] .
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
2022-07-22
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MMWR: Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, July 15, 2022
The Morbidity and Mortality Weekly (MMWR) is a government published scientific periodical series offering public health information. This issue of MMWR contains the following: "Public Health Surveillance and Reporting for Human Toxoplasmosis -- Six States, 2021"; "Pediatric HIV Case Identification Across 22 PEPFAR [U.S. President's Emergency Plan forAIDS Relief] -Supported Countries During the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] Pandemic, October 2019-September 2020"; "Safety Monitoring of COVID-19 mRNA [messenger ribonucleic acid] Vaccine First Booster Doses Among Persons Aged ≥12 Years with Presumed Immunocompromise Status -- United States, January 12, 2022-March 28, 2022"; "Rapid Diagnostic Testing for Response to the Monkeypox Outbreak -- Laboratory Response Network, United States, May 17-June 30, 2022"; "Notes from the Field: Outbreak of 'Salmonella' Enteritidis at a Correctional Facility Using Mechanically Separated Chicken -- Nebraska, 2022"; and "QuickStats: Percentage of Uninsured Adults Aged 18-64 Years, by Race, Hispanic Origin, and Selected Asian Subgroups -- National Health Interview Survey, United States, 2019-2020." Notifiable Diseases and Mortality Tables from this issue can be accessed at the following link [http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/index2022.html].
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
2022-07-15
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MMWR Early Release: Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, July 15, 2022: Effectiveness of 2, 3, and 4 COVID-19 mRNA Vaccine Doses Among Immunocompetent Adults During Periods When SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.1 and BA.2/BA.2.12.1 Sublineages Predominated -- VISION Network, 10 States, December 2021-June 2022
The Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR) Series is prepared by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). [It] is the agency's primary vehicle for scientific publication of timely, reliable, authoritative, accurate, objective, and useful public health information and recommendations. This Early Release issue of MMWR contains the following article: "Effectiveness of 2, 3, and 4 COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] mRNA [messenger ribonucleic acid] Vaccine Doses Among Immunocompetent Adults During Periods When SARS-CoV-2 [severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2] Omicron BA.1 and BA.2/BA.2.12.1 Sublineages Predominated -- VISION Network, 10 States, December 2021-June 2022." Notifiable Diseases and Mortality Tables from MMWR can be accessed at the following link [http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/index2022.html].
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
2022-07-15
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Information Manipulation and Repression: A Theory and Evidence from the COVID Response in Russia
From the Abstract: "Restrictions imposed during the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic were decried as an assault on individual freedoms, but were they, actually? In an authoritarian regime, yes. Using data from 83 Russian regions and the two-way fixed-effects design, we show that the extent of information manipulation measured by the difference between the excess mortality and the reported COVID-19 deaths, and repression such as arrests and detentions for violating lockdown rules were influenced by the strength of the local civil society and the opposition share in local parliaments. The tactics came at a price: the misinformation did reduce the compliance. These findings provide new evidence that authoritarian regimes, which might seem to be well-equipped to implement restrictive measures, are actually ill-suited to deal with public health challenges. Also, our results show that repression complements propaganda: more arrests increases the extent of information manipulation."
Becker Friedman Institute for Research in Economics
Lamberova, Natalia; Sonin, Konstantin
2022-07-15
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MMWR: Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, July 8, 2022
The Morbidity and Mortality Weekly (MMWR) is a government published scientific periodical series offering public health information. This issue of MMWR contains the following: "County-Level Social Vulnerability and Emergency Department Visits for Firearm Injuries -- 10 U.S. Jurisdictions, January 1, 2018-December 31, 2021"; "Factors Associated with Severe Outcomes Among Immunocompromised Adults Hospitalized for COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] -- COVID-NET, 10 States, March 2020-February 2022"; "'Erratum': Vol. 71, No. 22"; and "'QuickStats': Age-Adjusted Percentage of Adults Aged ≥18 Years Who Met the 2018 Federal Physical Activity Guidelines for Both Muscle-Strengthening and Aerobic Physical Activity, by Urbanization Level -- National Health Interview Survey, United States, 2020." Notifiable Diseases and Mortality Tables from this issue can be accessed at the following link [http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/index2022.html].
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
2022-07-08
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Briefing: Ventilation: A Briefing on Recent Scientific Literature Focused on the Effects of Ventilation on SARS-CoV-2 Spread [presentation]
From How to Use This Briefing: "This briefing is intended to provide timely information about SARS-CoV-2 [severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2] vaccines, variants of concern, and ventilation to LAMs [libraries, archives, and museums] and their stakeholders. Due to the evolving nature of scientific research on these topics, the information provided here is not intended to be comprehensive or final. As such, this briefing should be used in conjunction with other timely resources to ensure decision-making reflects the latest scientific understanding. Continual re-evaluation of SARSCoV-2 policies is highly recommended as new scientific discoveries are published."
OCLC; Institute of Museum and Library Services (U.S.); Battelle Memorial Institute
2022-07-07
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Fingerprinting and Employment Eligibility Verification Delays Due to the COVID-19 Pandemic May Increase Taxpayer Data Exposure Risks
From the Document: "This audit was initiated because new IRS [Internal Revenue Service] employees hired during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic may have had their fingerprinting or employment eligibility verification delayed in accordance with newly established hiring policies. However, prolonged delays could increase the exposure of taxpayer data to potential bad actors. The overall objective of this review was to determine whether temporary personnel hiring practices during the COVID-19 pandemic presented potential security risks by assessing the effectiveness of fingerprinting and hiring activities, including inspection of employment eligibility documents."
United States. Office of the Inspector General for Tax Administration
2022-07-07
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Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) Act Funding
From the Highlights: "On March 27, 2020, the President of the United States signed the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act, enacted as Public Law 116-136 (the 'CARES Act') in response to the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic. The CARES Act authorized up to $10 billion in funding for the U.S. Postal Service from the U.S. Treasury (Treasury), should the Postal Service determine that it would be unable to fund operating expenses due to the pandemic. In December 2020, Congress amended the CARES Act, stipulating that the Postal Service would not need to repay the funding. In January 2021, the Postal Service and Treasury signed an agreement regarding CARES Act funding allowing the Postal Service to request up to $10 billion from Treasury for pandemic-related operating expenses. The Postal Service submitted five advance requests to Treasury from March through July 2021, totaling $10 billion. [...] Our objective was to assess the Postal Service's justification for and use of funds received under the CARES Act, as amended by the Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2021, and associated disclosure requirements."
United States Postal Service. Office of Inspector General
2022-07-07
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Estimated Number of COVID-19 Infections, Hospitalizations, and Deaths Prevented Among Vaccinated Persons in the US, December 2020 to September 2021
From the Key Points: "How many SARS-CoV-2 [severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2] infections and COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019]-associated hospitalizations and deaths have been prevented among vaccinated persons by the US COVID-19 vaccination program? [...] In this modeling study, COVID-19 vaccination was estimated to prevent 27 million SARS-CoV-2 infections, 1.6 million COVID-19- associated hospitalizations, and 235 000 COVID-19-associated deaths among vaccinated persons 18 years or older from December 1, 2020, to September 30, 2021. By September 30, 2021, vaccination prevented an estimated 52% of expected infections, 56% of expected hospitalizations, and 58% of expected deaths. [...] The US COVID-19 vaccination program was estimated to prevent substantial morbidity and mortality through direct protection of vaccinated individuals."
JAMA Network
Steele, Molly K.; Couture, Alexia; Reed, Carrie . . .
2022-07-06
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SBA Shuttered Venue Operators Grant Program (SVOG) [Updated July 5, 2022]
From the Summary: "The Small Business Administration (SBA) administers several types of programs to support small businesses, including direct disaster loan programs to assist their recovery from natural disasters; loan guaranty and venture capital programs to enhance their access to capital; management and technical assistance training programs to assist business formation and expansion; and contracting programs to increase their opportunities in federal contracting. Congressional interest in the SBA's programs has always been high, but has become especially acute in the wake of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic's widespread adverse economic impact on the U.S. economy. During the 116th Congress, in an effort to assist small businesses adversely affected by COVID-19, Congress approved legislation that provided the SBA $1.088 trillion in appropriations, a 35,282% increase over the $3.075 billion the SBA received during the 115th Congress."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Dilger, Robert Jay, 1954-; Levin, Adam G.
2022-07-05
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MMWR: Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, July 1, 2022
The Morbidity and Mortality Weekly (MMWR) is a government published scientific periodical series offering public health information. This issue of MMWR contains the following: "Motor Vehicle Crash Deaths -- United States and 28 Other High-Income Countries, 2015 and 2019"; "Updated U.S. Public Health Service Guideline for Testing of Transplant Candidates Aged
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
2022-07-01
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How Did Federal Aid to States and Localities Affect Testing and Vaccine Delivery?
From the Abstract: "We estimate whether federal aid for state and local governments played a role in advancing population testing for COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] and the administration of vaccines. To overcome biases that can result from the endogeneity of federal aid allocations, we use an instrumental-variables estimator reliant on the substantial variation in federal aid predicted by variation in states' congressional representation. We find that federal fiscal assistance dollars had a modest if any impact on the pace of vaccine rollouts, may have improved the equitability of vaccine administration, and had a substantial impact on the volume of tests administered. Regarding the total number of vaccines delivered, we estimate that an additional $1,000 in fiscal relief per resident, which would amount to $330 billion nationwide, translated into just under 1,200 extra doses of the vaccine being delivered per 100,000 people, with the upper bound of our confidence interval suggesting that we can rule out effects in excess of 7,030 extra doses per 100,000 people. We find that federal dollars predict a smaller gap between the vaccination rates of those with a college education relative to those with a high school education. Finally, our baseline estimate implies that each $1,000 in COVID-19 relief aid per capita generated 55,850 additional tests per 100,000 people."
National Bureau of Economic Research
Clemens, Jeffrey; Hoxie, Philip; Kearns, John . . .
2022-07
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Expanding Capacity for Vaccines Against Covid-19 and Future Pandemics: A Review of Economic Issues
From the Abstract: "We review economic arguments for using public policy to accelerate vaccine supply during a pandemic. Rapidly vaccinating a large share of the global population helps avoid economic, mortality, and social losses, which in the case of Covid-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] mounted into trillions of dollars. However, pharmaceutical firms are unlikely to have private incentives to invest in vaccine capacity at the socially optimal scale and speed. The socially optimal level of public spending may cause some sticker shock but--as epitomized by the tagline 'spending billions to save trillions'--is eclipsed by the benefits and can be restrained with the help of careful policy design and advance preparations. Capacity is so valuable during a pandemic that fractional dosing and other measures to stretch available capacity should be explored."
University of Chicago. Development Innovation Lab; Becker Friedman Institute. Development Economics Center
Athey, Susan; Castillo, Juan-Camilo; Kremer, Michael, 1964- . . .
2022-07
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Examining Pandemic Evictions: A Report on Abuses by Four Corporate Landlords During the Coronavirus Crisis
From the Executive Summary: "This staff report presents findings from an investigation conducted by the Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Crisis into the eviction filing practices of four large corporate landlords--Pretium Partners (through its companies Progress Residential and Front Yard Residential ) (Pretium), Invitation Homes, Ventron Management (Ventron), and The Siegel Group (Siegel)--during the first 16 months of the coronavirus pandemic. The Select Subcommittee launched an investigation into these companies' eviction and rental assistance practices in July 2021 following reports indicating that they had filed to evict tenants at high rates despite the existence of federal eviction moratoriums and Congress' appropriation of more than $46 billion in federal rental assistance."
United States. Congress. House. Committee on Oversight and Reform. Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Crisis
2022-07
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Roadmap to Telehealth Efficacy: Care, Health, and Digital Equities
From the Executive Summary: "The United States has long struggled with a health care system that is both expensive and often inaccessible when it comes to providing certain populations with equitable care. The White House and Congress acted quickly to transition patients to telehealth during the height of the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic. However, the future adoption and use of telehealth will depend on how the U.S. health care system addresses coverage and reimbursement, medical licensure, and service modalities. Equally important is policy coherence, or a 'telehealth 2.0 roadmap', to effectively harmonize the goals of value-based care, health disparities, and digital access. This approach to telehealth can improve patient outcomes, offer more inclusive telehealth adoption, and increase ways in which health care is delivered and received as the nation continues to mitigate the public health crisis. In this paper, we propose flexibilities within the current health care system that accommodate the changes imposed by new technologies, as well as continued government incentives to drive more competitive options and alternatives for health care delivery. In the end, we argue that government must continue to promote the use of remote health care and leverage national investments in broadband infrastructure to drive the complementary use of telehealth with traditional health care. We also propose that current modality flexibilities remain in place, especially as the nation undergoes efforts to close the digital divide."
Brookings Institution. Governance Studies Program
Lee, Nicol Turner; Yaraghi, Niam; Lai, Samantha
2022-07
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Extreme Temperature and COVID 19 in Texas Prisons
From the Executive Summary: "Texas is one of at least thirteen states in the U.S. that does not have universal air-conditioning in state prisons. Throughout the history of imprisonment in Texas, incarcerated people have experienced great harm from extreme heat and a lack of adequate protections. Although 87 percent of households in the U.S. use air-conditioning equipment, only 30 percent of Texas prison units are fully air-conditioned. Temperatures inside units have been shown to regularly reach 110 degrees and in at least one unit have topped 149 degrees. [...] Findings from this report demonstrate how current heat mitigation policies do not result in adequate protections against heat-related illness for incarcerated people. The experiences of incarcerated people in Texas prisons illuminate systemic issues and patterns across units and also expand the understanding of heat-related illness and death as an ongoing but preventable disaster. Additionally, surveys and letters collected in 2020 reveal how the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic, which has disproportionately impacted incarcerated populations in Texas, created further challenges to the individually focused heat mitigation strategies in Texas prisons. Incarcerated people have described the environment of extreme heat and the COVID-19 pandemic as a 'living hell.' Each section includes descriptions of how heat-mitigation practices were impacted by the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic in addition to a separate section which provides a more in depth look at the relationship between the two hazards of extreme heat and COVID-19."
Texas A & M University; Hazard Reduction and Recovery Center
Purdum, J. Carlee; Dominick, Amite; Dixon, Benika C.
2022-07
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Immigration Detention in California: A Review of Detention Facilities' Response to COVID-19 as of Fall 2021
From the Executive Summary: "For its third report under Assembly Bill 103 (2017) (AB 103), the California Department of Justice (Cal DOJ) examines how the locked facilities that contract with U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) to house noncitizens in ICE custody have responded to the unique challenges that have arisen during the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic. The facilities' responses were directed in large part by requirements and recommendations from ICE and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), as well as by court mandates seeking to remedy especially dangerous situations through specific requirements for social distancing, testing, monitoring, and caps on facility populations. As a result of both ICE and court requirements, detainee populations at ICE facilities in California were sharply reduced in 2020 and remained well under pre-pandemic numbers in 2021. This meant that, although a number of facilities across the State had lower detainee counts, ICE had to continue paying for empty beds under contractual terms guaranteeing payment for a minimum number of beds. At the same time, the average number of days a person was detained in the facilities across the State increased exponentially."
California. Department of Justice; California. Office of the Attorney General
2022-07
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Consolidated Department of Defense Coronavirus Disease 2019 Force Health Protection Guidance - Revision 1 [redacted]
This memorandum, dated June 29, 2022, is regarding "Consolidated Department of Defense Coronavirus Disease 2019 Force Health Protection Guidance - Revision 1." From the Memorandum: "Effectively immediately, sections 7.4 and 7.5 of the, *Consolidated Department of Defense Coronavirus Disease 2019 Force Health Protection Guidance,' are amended as attached. The changes to sections 7.4 and 7.5 align the DoD travel testing requirement with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 'Rescinding Requirement for Negative Pre- Departure COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] Test Result or Documentation of Recovery from COVID-19 for all Airline or Other Aircraft Passengers Arriving into the United States from Any Foreign Country,' effective June 12, 2022."
United States. Department of Defense
Cisneros, Gilbert R., Jr.
2022-06-29
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Disparate Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic Across Race and Ethnicity in the Housing Market, Statement of Jung Hyun Choi, Senior Research Associate, Urban Institute, Before the Committee on Financial Services, United States House of Representatives, June 29, 2022
From the Statement of Jung Hyun Choi: "My testimony today focuses on how long-standing racial and ethnic disparities in the housing market have worsened during the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic. Additionally, recent changes in the housing market environment--including rising interest rates, increasing home prices and rents, and tighter lending standards--are making it more difficult for households of color to obtain and sustain homeownership and are widening the racial wealth gap. Two promising demand-side strategies--better targeting down payment assistance and incorporating rental payment history into mortgage underwriting--could help the federal government address these disparities."
Urban Institute
Choi, Jung Hyun
2022-06-29
