Key Legislation

"An Act to enhance the border security of the United States, and for other purposes."

Public Law 107-296, the Homeland Security Act of 2002, established the Department of Homeland Security and its components. The act also includes under Section 861, the "Support Anti-terrorism by Fostering Effective Technologies Act of 2002" also known as the "SAFETY Act."

"An Act to authorize appropriations for fiscal year 2003 for intelligence and intelligence-related activities of the United States Government, the Community Management Account, and the Central Intelligence Agency Retirement and Disability System, and for other purposes." This act includes the establishment of the "National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States" under Title VI, the "Homeland Security Information Sharing Act" under Title VII, and the "Counterintelligence Enhancement Act of 2002" under Title IX.

"An Act to provide for the administration of the Central Intelligence Agency, established pursuant to section 102, National Security Act of 1947, and for other purposes."

"An Act to promote the national security by providing for a secretary of Defense; for a national Military Establishment; for a Department of the Army, a Department of the navy, and a Department of the Air Force; and for the coordination of the activities of the National Military Establishment with other departments and agencies of the Government concerned with the national security."

"The Secretary of Defense (or his designee) is authorized to establish such positions, and to appoint thereto, without regard to the civil service laws, such officers and employees, in the National Security Agency, as may be necessary to carry out the functions of such agency. The rates of basic pay for such positions shall be fixed by the Secretary of Defense (or his designee for this purpose) in relation to the rates of basic pay provided for in subpart D of part III of title 5, United States Code, for positions subject to such title which have corresponding levels of duties and responsibilities. Except as otherwise provided by law, no officer or employee of the National Security Agency shall be paid basic pay at a rate in excess of the maximum rate payable under section 5376 of such title and not more than 70 such officers and employees shall be paid within the range of rates authorized in section 5376 of such title."

"An Act to authorize a Federal civil defense program, and for other purposes"..."It is the policy and intent of Congress to provide a plan of civil defense for the protection of life and property in the United States from attack. It is further declared to be the policy and intent of Congress that this responsibility for civil defense shall be vested primarily in the several States and their political subdivisions. The Federal Government shall provide necessary coordination and guidance; shall be responsible for the operations of the Federal Civil Defense Administration as set forth in this Act; and shall provide necessary assistance as hereinafter authorized."

"An Act to enhance the border security of the United States, and for other purposes."

"An Act to amend the Merchant Marine Act, 1936, to establish a program to ensure greater security for United States seaports, and for other purposes." The Maritime Transportation Security Act of 2002 integrates the myriad of federal, state, local and private law enforcement agencies overseeing the security of the international borders at America's seaports. The bill authorizes more security officers, more screening equipment, and the building of important security infrastructure at seaports. The Senate Commerce Committee on August 2, 2001 unanimously approved a previous version of the Port and Maritime Security Act that focused on crime, cargo theft, and smuggling. Following September 11, the bill was dramatically expanded to address the new threat of terrorism at America's seaports.

Public Law 107-296, the Homeland Security Act of 2002, established the Department of Homeland Security and its components. The act also includes under Section 861, the "Support Anti-terrorism by Fostering Effective Technologies Act of 2002" also known as the "SAFETY Act."

"An Act to deter and punish terrorist acts in the United States and around the world, to enhance law enforcement investigatory tools, and for other purposes." The following Titles aim to increase and enhance domestic security: Title I--Enhancing Domestic Security Against Terrorism, TITLE II--Enhanced Surveillance Procedures, Title III--International Money Laundering Abatement and Antiterrorist Financing Act of 2001, Title IV--Protecting the Border, Title V--Removing Obstacles to Investigating Terrorism, Title VI--Providing for Victims of Terrorism, Public Safety Officers, and Their Families, Title VII--Increased Information Sharing for Critical Infrastructure Protection, Title VIII--Strengthening the Criminal Laws Against Terrorism, Title IX--Improved Intelligence, and so forth. Section 101 of Title I--Enhancing Domestic Security Against Terrorism addresses the Counterterrorism Fund. It states, "there is hereby established in the Treasury of the United States a separate fund to be known as the "Counterterrorism Fund."

"An Act to authorize the President of the United States to agree to certain amendments to the Agreement between the Government of the United States of America and the Government of the United Mexican States concerning the establishment of a Border Environment Cooperation Commission and a North American Development Bank, and for other purposes."

"An Act to improve maritime and cargo security through enhanced layered defenses, and for other purposes."

"An Act to establish operational control over the international land and maritime borders of the United States. In General - Not later than 18 months after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Homeland Security shall take all actions the Secretary determines necessary and appropriate to achieve and maintain operational control over the entire international land and maritime borders of the United States, to include the following - (1) systematic surveillance of the international land and maritime borders of the United States through more effective use of personnel and technology, such as unmanned aerial vehicles, ground-based sensors, satellites, radar coverage, and cameras; and (2) physical infrastructure enhancements to prevent unlawful entry by aliens into the United States and facilitate access to the international land and maritime borders by United States Customs and Border Protection, such as additional checkpoints, all weather access roads, and vehicle barriers."

"Congress finds the following: (1) Trafficking and smuggling organizations are intensifying their efforts to enter the United States through tunnels and other subterranean passages between Mexico and the United States. (2) Border tunnels are most often used to transport narcotics from Mexico to the United States, but can also be used to transport people and other contraband. (3) From Fiscal Year 1990 to Fiscal Year 2011, law enforcement authorities discovered 149 cross-border tunnels along the border between Mexico and the United States, 139 of which have been discovered since Fiscal Year 2001. There has been a dramatic increase in the number of cross-border tunnels discovered in Arizona and California since Fiscal Year 2006, with 40 tunnels discovered in California and 74 tunnels discovered in Arizona. […] It is the sense of Congress that-- (1) success in combating the construction and use of crossborder tunnels requires cooperation between Federal, State, local, and tribal officials and assistance from private land owners and tenants across the border between Mexico and the United States; (2) the Department of Homeland Security is currently engaging in outreach efforts in California to certain landowners and tenants along the border to educate them about crossborder tunnels and seek their assistance in combating their construction; and (3) the Department should continue its outreach efforts to both private and governmental landowners and tenants in areas along the border between Mexico and the United States with a high rate of cross-border tunnels."

"An Act To establish a Border Enforcement Security Task Force program to enhance border security by fostering coordinated efforts among Federal, State, and local border and law enforcement officials to protect United States border cities and communities from trans-national crime, including violence associated with drug trafficking, arms smuggling, illegal alien trafficking and smuggling, violence, and kidnapping along and across the international borders of the United States, and for other purposes."

"An Act to improve the ability of the United States to prevent, prepare for, and respondto bioterrorism and other public health emergencies." The 107th Congress enacted the Public Health Security and Bioterrorism Preparedness and Response Act of 2002 to improve the ability of the United States to prevent, to prepare for and respond to bioterrorism and other public health emergencies. The goals of the Public Health Security and Bioterrorism Preparedness include: providing effective assistance to State and local governments in the event of a bioterrorism incident or other public health emergency and ensuring that State and local governments have appropriate capacity to detect and respond effectively to such emergencies such as: effective public health surveillance and reporting mechanisms at the State and local levels; appropriate laboratory readiness; properly trained and equipped response, public health, and medical personnel; health and safety protection of workers responding to such an emergency; public health agencies that are prepared; participation in communications networks that can effectively disseminate relevant information in a timely and secure manner to appropriate public.

Public Law 107-296, the Homeland Security Act of 2002, established the Department of Homeland Security and its components. The act also includes under Section 861, the "Support Anti-terrorism by Fostering Effective Technologies Act of 2002" also known as the "SAFETY Act."

"An Act making emergency supplemental appropriations for the fiscal year ending September 30, 2003."

"An Act to amend the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act to reauthorize the predisaster mitigation program, and for other purposes."

"An Act to provide relief for the victims of Hurricane Katrina."

"An Act to authorize and strengthen the tsunami detection, forecast, warning, and mitigation program of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, to be carried out by the National Weather Service, and for other purposes. The purposes of this Act are - (1) to improve tsunami detection, forecasting, warnings, notification, outreach, and mitigation to protect life and property in the United States; (2) to enhance and modernize the existing Pacific Tsunami Warning System to increase coverage, reduce false alarms, and increase the accuracy of forecasts and warnings, and to expand detection and warning systems to include other vulnerable States and United States territories, including the Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea, and Gulf of Mexico areas; (3) to improve mapping, modeling, research, and assessment efforts to improve tsunami detection, forecasting, warnings, notification, outreach, mitigation, response, and recovery; (4) to improve and increase education and outreach activities and ensure that those receiving tsunami warnings and the at-risk public know what to do when a tsunami is approaching; (5) to provide technical and other assistance to speed international efforts to establish regional tsunami warning systems in vulnerable areas worldwide, including the Indian Ocean; and (6) to improve Federal, State, and international coordination for detection, warnings, and outreach for tsunami and other coastal impacts."

"An Act to provide assistance to families affected by Hurricane Katrina, through the program of block grants to States for temporary assistance for needy families."

"An Act to provide emergency tax relief for persons affected by Hurricane Katrina."

The purpose of the "Predisaster Hazard Mitigation Act of 2010" is to "amend the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act to reauthorize the pre-disaster mitigation program of the Federal Emergency Management Agency."

"An Act entitled the 'Disaster Relief Act: Amendments of 1974.'" Also known as the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act, this act was enacted on 22 May 1974, and has since been amended several times. "It is the intent of the Congress, by this Act, to provide an orderly and continuing means of assistance by the Federal Government to State and local governments in carrying out their responsibilities to alleviate the suffering and damage which result from such disasters by: expanding relief programs; encouraging comprehensive disaster preparedness plans; achieving greater coordination and responsiveness of disaster preparedness programs; encouraging individuals, States, and local governments to protect themselves by obtaining insurance; encouraging hazard mitigation measures to reduce losses from disasters; providing Federal assistance programs for both public and private losses sustained in disasters; and providing a long-range economic recovery program for major disaster areas."

"An Act to improve the ability of the United States to prevent, prepare for, and respondto bioterrorism and other public health emergencies." The 107th Congress enacted the Public Health Security and Bioterrorism Preparedness and Response Act of 2002 to improve the ability of the United States to prevent, to prepare for and respond to bioterrorism and other public health emergencies. The goals of the Public Health Security and Bioterrorism Preparedness include: providing effective assistance to State and local governments in the event of a bioterrorism incident or other public health emergency and ensuring that State and local governments have appropriate capacity to detect and respond effectively to such emergencies such as: effective public health surveillance and reporting mechanisms at the State and local levels; appropriate laboratory readiness; properly trained and equipped response, public health, and medical personnel; health and safety protection of workers responding to such an emergency; public health agencies that are prepared; participation in communications networks that can effectively disseminate relevant information in a timely and secure manner to appropriate public.

Public Law 107-296, the Homeland Security Act of 2002, established the Department of Homeland Security and its components. The act also includes under Section 861, the "Support Anti-terrorism by Fostering Effective Technologies Act of 2002" also known as the "SAFETY Act."

"An Act to ensure the continued financial capacity of insurers to provide coverage for risks from terrorism." The 107th Congress enacted the Terrorism Insurance Act of 2002 to establish a temporary Federal program that provides for a transparent system of shared public and private compensation for insured losses resulting from acts of terrorism, in order to protect consumers by addressing market disruptions and ensure the continued widespread availability and affordability of property and casualty insurance for terrorism risk; and to allow for a transitional period for the private markets to stabilize, resume pricing of such insurance, and build capacity to absorb any future losses, while preserving State insurance regulation and consumer protections.

"An Act to extend the applicability of the Terrorism Risk Insurance Act of 2002."

"An Act to enhance the border security of the United States, and for other purposes."

Public Law 107-296, the Homeland Security Act of 2002, established the Department of Homeland Security and its components. The act also includes under Section 861, the "Support Anti-terrorism by Fostering Effective Technologies Act of 2002" also known as the "SAFETY Act."

"An Act to authorize appropriations for fiscal year 2003 for intelligence and intelligence-related activities of the United States Government, the Community Management Account, and the Central Intelligence Agency Retirement and Disability System, and for other purposes." This act includes the establishment of the "National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States" under Title VI, the "Homeland Security Information Sharing Act" under Title VII, and the "Counterintelligence Enhancement Act of 2002" under Title IX.

"An Act to deter and punish terrorist acts in the United States and around the world, to enhance law enforcement investigatory tools, and for other purposes." The following Titles aim to increase and enhance domestic security: Title I--Enhancing Domestic Security Against Terrorism, TITLE II--Enhanced Surveillance Procedures, Title III--International Money Laundering Abatement and Antiterrorist Financing Act of 2001, Title IV--Protecting the Border, Title V--Removing Obstacles to Investigating Terrorism, Title VI--Providing for Victims of Terrorism, Public Safety Officers, and Their Families, Title VII--Increased Information Sharing for Critical Infrastructure Protection, Title VIII--Strengthening the Criminal Laws Against Terrorism, Title IX--Improved Intelligence, and so forth. Section 101 of Title I--Enhancing Domestic Security Against Terrorism addresses the Counterterrorism Fund. It states, "there is hereby established in the Treasury of the United States a separate fund to be known as the "Counterterrorism Fund."

"An Act to extend and modify authorities needed to combat terrorism, and for other purposes." Acts relevant to homeland security included as subsections of this act: "Terrorist Death Penalty Enhancement Act of 2005"; "Reducing Crime and Terrorism at America's Seaports Act of 2005"; "Combating Terrorism Financing Act of 2005"; "Secret Service Authorization and Technical Modification Act of 2005"; and "Combat Methamphetamine Epidemic Act of 2005"

"An Act to provide for the administration of the Central Intelligence Agency, established pursuant to section 102, National Security Act of 1947, and for other purposes."

"An Act to extend the Protect America Act of 2007 for 15 days."

"An Act to provide for the implementation of the recommendations of the National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States."

"An Act to amend the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 to provide additional procedures for authorizing certain acquisitions of foreign intelligence information and for other purposes."

"An Act to promote the national security by providing for a secretary of Defense; for a national Military Establishment; for a Department of the Army, a Department of the navy, and a Department of the Air Force; and for the coordination of the activities of the National Military Establishment with other departments and agencies of the Government concerned with the national security."

"The Secretary of Defense (or his designee) is authorized to establish such positions, and to appoint thereto, without regard to the civil service laws, such officers and employees, in the National Security Agency, as may be necessary to carry out the functions of such agency. The rates of basic pay for such positions shall be fixed by the Secretary of Defense (or his designee for this purpose) in relation to the rates of basic pay provided for in subpart D of part III of title 5, United States Code, for positions subject to such title which have corresponding levels of duties and responsibilities. Except as otherwise provided by law, no officer or employee of the National Security Agency shall be paid basic pay at a rate in excess of the maximum rate payable under section 5376 of such title and not more than 70 such officers and employees shall be paid within the range of rates authorized in section 5376 of such title."

"An Act to amend the National Security Act of 1947 to prohibit the unauthorized disclosure of information identifying certain United States intelligence officers, agents, informants, and sources."

"An Act to amend the National Security Act of 1947 to regulate public disclosure of information held by the Central Intelligence Agency, and for other purposes."

"An Act to deter terrorism, provide justice for victims, provide for an effective death penalty, and for other purposes." It includes sections on the following: Habeus Corpus Reform; Justice for Victims; International Terrorism Prohibitions; Terrorist and Criminal Alien Removal and Exclusion; Nuclear, Biological, and Chemical Weapons Restrictions; Implementation of Plastic Exlposives Convention; Criminal Law Modifications to Counter Terrorism; and Assistance to Law Enforcement.

"An Act to enhance the border security of the United States, and for other purposes."

Public Law 107-296, the Homeland Security Act of 2002, established the Department of Homeland Security and its components. The act also includes under Section 861, the "Support Anti-terrorism by Fostering Effective Technologies Act of 2002" also known as the "SAFETY Act."

"An Act to deter and punish terrorist acts in the United States and around the world, to enhance law enforcement investigatory tools, and for other purposes." The following Titles aim to increase and enhance domestic security: Title I--Enhancing Domestic Security Against Terrorism, TITLE II--Enhanced Surveillance Procedures, Title III--International Money Laundering Abatement and Antiterrorist Financing Act of 2001, Title IV--Protecting the Border, Title V--Removing Obstacles to Investigating Terrorism, Title VI--Providing for Victims of Terrorism, Public Safety Officers, and Their Families, Title VII--Increased Information Sharing for Critical Infrastructure Protection, Title VIII--Strengthening the Criminal Laws Against Terrorism, Title IX--Improved Intelligence, and so forth. Section 101 of Title I--Enhancing Domestic Security Against Terrorism addresses the Counterterrorism Fund. It states, "there is hereby established in the Treasury of the United States a separate fund to be known as the "Counterterrorism Fund."

"An Act to extend and modify authorities needed to combat terrorism, and for other purposes." Acts relevant to homeland security included as subsections of this act: "Terrorist Death Penalty Enhancement Act of 2005"; "Reducing Crime and Terrorism at America's Seaports Act of 2005"; "Combating Terrorism Financing Act of 2005"; "Secret Service Authorization and Technical Modification Act of 2005"; and "Combat Methamphetamine Epidemic Act of 2005"

"An Act to authorize trial by military commission for violations of the law of war, and for other purposes. The authority to establish military commissions under chapter 47A of title 10, United States Code, as added by section 3(a), may not be construed to alter or limit the authority of the President under the Constitution of the United States and laws of the United States to establish military commissions for areas declared to be under martial law or in occupied territories should circumstances so require."

"An Act to amend title 18, United States Code, to strengthen protections for law enforcement officers and the public by providing criminal penalties for the fraudulent acquisition or unauthorized disclosure of phone records. Congress finds that - (1) telephone records can be of great use to criminals because the information contained in call logs may include a wealth of personal data; (2) call logs may reveal the names of telephone users' doctors, public and private relationships, business associates, and more; (3) call logs are typically maintained for the exclusive use of phone companies, their authorized agents, and authorized consumers; (4) telephone records have been obtained without the knowledge or consent of consumers through the use of a number of fraudulent methods and devices that include - (A) telephone company employees selling data to unauthorized data brokers; (B) 'pretexting', whereby a data broker or other person represents that they are an authorized consumer and convinces an agent of the telephone company to release the data; or (C) gaining unauthorized Internet access to account data by improperly activating a consumer's account management features on a phone company's webpage or contracting with an Internet-based data broker who trafficks in such records; and (5) the unauthorized disclosure of telephone records not only assaults individual privacy but, in some instances, may further acts of domestic violence or stalking, compromise the personal safety of law enforcement officers, their families, victims of crime, witnesses, or confidential informants, and undermine the integrity of law enforcement investigations."

This public law extends the Terrorism Insurance Program of the Department of the Treasury which became law in 2002 (Public Law 107-297) and was first extended in 2005 (Public Law 109-144).

"An Act to provide for the implementation of the recommendations of the National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States."

This law amends the Office of National Drug Control Policy Reauthorization Act of 2006 to include sections about a strategy for protecting the nation's northern border from the importation of drugs. It specifically says that the Northern Border Counternarcotics Strategy must include a "strategy to end the illegal trafficking of drugs to or through Indian reservations on or near the international border between the United States and Canada."

The purpose of this Act is as follows: "To amend title 28, United States Code, to clarify the statutory authority for the longstanding practice of the Department of Justice of providing investigatory assistance on request of State and local authorities with respect to certain serious violent crimes, and for other purposes."

"An Act to define, regulate, and punish trading with the enemy, and for other purposes."

"An Act to amend the National Security Act of 1947 to prohibit the unauthorized disclosure of information identifying certain United States intelligence officers, agents, informants, and sources."

"An Act to amend the National Security Act of 1947 to regulate public disclosure of information held by the Central Intelligence Agency, and for other purposes."

Public Law 107-296, the Homeland Security Act of 2002, established the Department of Homeland Security and its components. The act also includes under Section 861, the "Support Anti-terrorism by Fostering Effective Technologies Act of 2002" also known as the "SAFETY Act."

"An Act to amend title 31, United States Code, to improve the financial accountability requirements applicable to the Department of Homeland Security, to establish requirements for the Future Years Homeland Security Program of the Department, and for other purposes."

"An Act to authorize a Federal civil defense program, and for other purposes"..."It is the policy and intent of Congress to provide a plan of civil defense for the protection of life and property in the United States from attack. It is further declared to be the policy and intent of Congress that this responsibility for civil defense shall be vested primarily in the several States and their political subdivisions. The Federal Government shall provide necessary coordination and guidance; shall be responsible for the operations of the Federal Civil Defense Administration as set forth in this Act; and shall provide necessary assistance as hereinafter authorized."

"Joint Resolution to authorize the use of United States Armed Forces against those responsible for the recent attacks launched against the United States."

"An Act to authorize appropriations for the Coast Guard for fiscal year 2006, to make technical corrections to various laws administered by the Coast Guard, and for other purposes."

"An Act to authorize trial by military commission for violations of the law of war, and for other purposes. The authority to establish military commissions under chapter 47A of title 10, United States Code, as added by section 3(a), may not be construed to alter or limit the authority of the President under the Constitution of the United States and laws of the United States to establish military commissions for areas declared to be under martial law or in occupied territories should circumstances so require."

"An Act to promote the national security by providing for a secretary of Defense; for a national Military Establishment; for a Department of the Army, a Department of the navy, and a Department of the Air Force; and for the coordination of the activities of the National Military Establishment with other departments and agencies of the Government concerned with the national security."

"An Act to deter terrorism, provide justice for victims, provide for an effective death penalty, and for other purposes." It includes sections on the following: Habeus Corpus Reform; Justice for Victims; International Terrorism Prohibitions; Terrorist and Criminal Alien Removal and Exclusion; Nuclear, Biological, and Chemical Weapons Restrictions; Implementation of Plastic Exlposives Convention; Criminal Law Modifications to Counter Terrorism; and Assistance to Law Enforcement.

"An Act to amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to provide tax relief for victims of the terrorist attacks against the United States, and for other purposes."

"An Act to authorize appropriations for the Department of State for fiscal year 2003, to authorize appropriations under the Arms Export Control Act and the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 for security assistance for fiscal year 2003, and for other purposes." Contains a number of references to Anti-terrorism assistance, including recognizing the United Kingdom's support for the Global War on Terrorism. Division B contains the text of the Security Assistance Act of 2002.

"An Act to exempt from certain requirements of the Atomic Energy Act of 1954 a proposed nuclear agreement for cooperation with India. It is the sense of Congress that - (1) preventing the proliferation of nuclear weapons, other weapons of mass destruction, the means to produce them, and the means to deliver them are critical objectives for United States foreign policy; (2) sustaining the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) and strengthening its implementation, particularly its verification and compliance, is the keystone of United States nonproliferation policy; (3) the NPT has been a significant success in preventing the acquisition of nuclear weapons capabilities and maintaining a stable international security situation; (4) countries that have never become a party to the NPT and remain outside that treaty's legal regime pose a potential challenge to the achievement of the overall goals of global nonproliferation, because those countries have not undertaken the NPT obligation to prohibit the spread of nuclear weapons capabilities."

"Any authority granted to the President by section 203 may be exercised to deal with any unusual and extraordinary threat, which has its source in, whole or substantial part outside the United States, to the national security, foreign policy, or economy of the United States, if the President declares a national emergency with respect to such threat. The authorities granted to the President by section 203 may only be exercised to deal with an unusual and extraordinary threat with respect to which a national emergency has been declared for purposes of this title and may not be exercised for any other purpose. Any exercise of such authorities to deal with any new threat shall be based on a new declaration of national emergency which must be with respect to such threat."

"An Act to improve the ability of the United States to prevent, prepare for, and respondto bioterrorism and other public health emergencies." The 107th Congress enacted the Public Health Security and Bioterrorism Preparedness and Response Act of 2002 to improve the ability of the United States to prevent, to prepare for and respond to bioterrorism and other public health emergencies. The goals of the Public Health Security and Bioterrorism Preparedness include: providing effective assistance to State and local governments in the event of a bioterrorism incident or other public health emergency and ensuring that State and local governments have appropriate capacity to detect and respond effectively to such emergencies such as: effective public health surveillance and reporting mechanisms at the State and local levels; appropriate laboratory readiness; properly trained and equipped response, public health, and medical personnel; health and safety protection of workers responding to such an emergency; public health agencies that are prepared; participation in communications networks that can effectively disseminate relevant information in a timely and secure manner to appropriate public.

"An Act to amend the Public Health Service Act to provide protections and countermeasures against chemical, radiological, or nuclear agents that may be used in a terrorist attack against the United States by giving the National Institutes of Health contracting flexibility, infrastructure improvements, and expediting the scientific peer review process, and streamlining the Food and Drug Administration approval process of countermeasures."

"An Act to amend the Public Health Service Act to add requirements regarding trauma care, and for other purposes."

"An act to amend the Public Health Service Act to extend and improve protections and services to individuals directly impacted by the terrorist attack in New York City on September 11, 2001, and for other purposes."

"The foundation of the United States' international cyberspace policy is the belief that networked technologies hold immense potential for our Nation, and for the world. Over the last three decades we, the United States, have watched these technologies revolutionize our economy and transform of our daily lives. We have also witnessed offline challenges, like exploitation and aggression, move into cyberspace. As we adapt to meet those challenges, we will lead by example. The United States will pursue an international cyberspace policy that empowers the innovation that drives our economy and improves lives here and abroad. In all this work, we are grounded in principles essential not just to American foreign policy, but to the future of the Internet itself. [...] Our policies flow from a commitment to both preserving the best of cyberspace and safeguarding our principles. Our international cyberspace policy reflects our core commitments to fundamental freedoms, privacy, and the free flow of information."

"An Act to enhance the border security of the United States, and for other purposes."

Public Law 107-296, the Homeland Security Act of 2002, established the Department of Homeland Security and its components. The act also includes under Section 861, the "Support Anti-terrorism by Fostering Effective Technologies Act of 2002" also known as the "SAFETY Act."

"An Act to deter and punish terrorist acts in the United States and around the world, to enhance law enforcement investigatory tools, and for other purposes." The following Titles aim to increase and enhance domestic security: Title I--Enhancing Domestic Security Against Terrorism, TITLE II--Enhanced Surveillance Procedures, Title III--International Money Laundering Abatement and Antiterrorist Financing Act of 2001, Title IV--Protecting the Border, Title V--Removing Obstacles to Investigating Terrorism, Title VI--Providing for Victims of Terrorism, Public Safety Officers, and Their Families, Title VII--Increased Information Sharing for Critical Infrastructure Protection, Title VIII--Strengthening the Criminal Laws Against Terrorism, Title IX--Improved Intelligence, and so forth. Section 101 of Title I--Enhancing Domestic Security Against Terrorism addresses the Counterterrorism Fund. It states, "there is hereby established in the Treasury of the United States a separate fund to be known as the "Counterterrorism Fund."

"An Act to establish operational control over the international land and maritime borders of the United States. In General - Not later than 18 months after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Homeland Security shall take all actions the Secretary determines necessary and appropriate to achieve and maintain operational control over the entire international land and maritime borders of the United States, to include the following - (1) systematic surveillance of the international land and maritime borders of the United States through more effective use of personnel and technology, such as unmanned aerial vehicles, ground-based sensors, satellites, radar coverage, and cameras; and (2) physical infrastructure enhancements to prevent unlawful entry by aliens into the United States and facilitate access to the international land and maritime borders by United States Customs and Border Protection, such as additional checkpoints, all weather access roads, and vehicle barriers."

"An Act to amend title 18, United States Code, to strengthen protections for law enforcement officers and the public by providing criminal penalties for the fraudulent acquisition or unauthorized disclosure of phone records. Congress finds that - (1) telephone records can be of great use to criminals because the information contained in call logs may include a wealth of personal data; (2) call logs may reveal the names of telephone users' doctors, public and private relationships, business associates, and more; (3) call logs are typically maintained for the exclusive use of phone companies, their authorized agents, and authorized consumers; (4) telephone records have been obtained without the knowledge or consent of consumers through the use of a number of fraudulent methods and devices that include - (A) telephone company employees selling data to unauthorized data brokers; (B) 'pretexting', whereby a data broker or other person represents that they are an authorized consumer and convinces an agent of the telephone company to release the data; or (C) gaining unauthorized Internet access to account data by improperly activating a consumer's account management features on a phone company's webpage or contracting with an Internet-based data broker who trafficks in such records; and (5) the unauthorized disclosure of telephone records not only assaults individual privacy but, in some instances, may further acts of domestic violence or stalking, compromise the personal safety of law enforcement officers, their families, victims of crime, witnesses, or confidential informants, and undermine the integrity of law enforcement investigations."

"An Act to extend the Protect America Act of 2007 for 15 days."

"An Act to amend the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 to provide additional procedures for authorizing certain acquisitions of foreign intelligence information and for other purposes."

"The Cybersecurity Enhancement Act of 2014 amends the National Institute of Standards and Technology Act to permit the Secretary of Commerce, acting through the Director of the NIST [National Institute of Standards and Technology], to facilitate and support the development of a voluntary, consensus-based, industry-led set of standards and procedures to cost-effectively reduce cyber risks to critical infrastructure. […] The act directs various agencies, working through the National Science and Technology Council and the Networking and Information Technology Research and Development Program, to develop, and update every four years, a federal cybersecurity research and development strategic plan. […]The act directs the Department of Commerce, NSF [National Science Foundation], and the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) to support competitions and challenges to recruit individuals to perform information technology security duties or to stimulate cybersecurity innovations. […] The act directs NIST to continue coordinating a national cybersecurity awareness and education program to: (1) disseminate technical standards and make best practices usable by individuals, small to medium-sized businesses, educational institutions, and state, local, and tribal governments; (2) increase public awareness and understanding of cybersecurity; (3) support education programs; and (4) evaluate workforce needs. Requires NIST to develop a strategic plan to guide federal activities in support of such program. Directs NIST to transmit such plan to Congress every five years. […] The act requires NIST to ensure the coordination of federal agencies engaged in the development of international technical standards related to information system security. Requires the development and transmittal to Congress of a plan to ensure coordination by such federal agencies. Instructs NIST to ensure consultation with appropriate private sector stakeholders."

"The National Cybersecurity Protection Act of 2014 amends the Homeland Security Act of 2002 to establish a national cybersecurity and communications integration center in the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) to carry out the responsibilities of the DHS Under Secretary responsible for overseeing critical infrastructure protection, cybersecurity, and related DHS programs. The act requires the center to be the federal civilian interface for sharing cybersecurity risks, incidents, analysis, and warnings for federal and non-federal entities. Directs the center to: (1) enable real-time, integrated, and operational actions across federal and non-federal entities; (2) facilitate cross-sector coordination to address risks and incidents that may be related or could have consequential impacts across multiple sectors; (3) conduct and share analysis; and (4) provide technical assistance, risk management, and security measure recommendations."

"An Act to deter terrorism, provide justice for victims, provide for an effective death penalty, and for other purposes." It includes sections on the following: Habeus Corpus Reform; Justice for Victims; International Terrorism Prohibitions; Terrorist and Criminal Alien Removal and Exclusion; Nuclear, Biological, and Chemical Weapons Restrictions; Implementation of Plastic Exlposives Convention; Criminal Law Modifications to Counter Terrorism; and Assistance to Law Enforcement.

"An Act to improve the ability of the United States to prevent, prepare for, and respondto bioterrorism and other public health emergencies." The 107th Congress enacted the Public Health Security and Bioterrorism Preparedness and Response Act of 2002 to improve the ability of the United States to prevent, to prepare for and respond to bioterrorism and other public health emergencies. The goals of the Public Health Security and Bioterrorism Preparedness include: providing effective assistance to State and local governments in the event of a bioterrorism incident or other public health emergency and ensuring that State and local governments have appropriate capacity to detect and respond effectively to such emergencies such as: effective public health surveillance and reporting mechanisms at the State and local levels; appropriate laboratory readiness; properly trained and equipped response, public health, and medical personnel; health and safety protection of workers responding to such an emergency; public health agencies that are prepared; participation in communications networks that can effectively disseminate relevant information in a timely and secure manner to appropriate public.

"An Act to implement the International Convention for the Suppression of Terrorist Bombings to strengthen criminal laws relating to attacks on places of public use, to implement the International Convention of the Suppression of the Financing of Terrorism, to combat terrorism and defend the Nation against terrorist acts, and for other purposes."

Public Law 107-296, the Homeland Security Act of 2002, established the Department of Homeland Security and its components. The act also includes under Section 861, the "Support Anti-terrorism by Fostering Effective Technologies Act of 2002" also known as the "SAFETY Act."

"An Act to authorize appropriations for fiscal year 2003 for intelligence and intelligence-related activities of the United States Government, the Community Management Account, and the Central Intelligence Agency Retirement and Disability System, and for other purposes." This act includes the establishment of the "National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States" under Title VI, the "Homeland Security Information Sharing Act" under Title VII, and the "Counterintelligence Enhancement Act of 2002" under Title IX.

"An Act to deter and punish terrorist acts in the United States and around the world, to enhance law enforcement investigatory tools, and for other purposes." The following Titles aim to increase and enhance domestic security: Title I--Enhancing Domestic Security Against Terrorism, TITLE II--Enhanced Surveillance Procedures, Title III--International Money Laundering Abatement and Antiterrorist Financing Act of 2001, Title IV--Protecting the Border, Title V--Removing Obstacles to Investigating Terrorism, Title VI--Providing for Victims of Terrorism, Public Safety Officers, and Their Families, Title VII--Increased Information Sharing for Critical Infrastructure Protection, Title VIII--Strengthening the Criminal Laws Against Terrorism, Title IX--Improved Intelligence, and so forth. Section 101 of Title I--Enhancing Domestic Security Against Terrorism addresses the Counterterrorism Fund. It states, "there is hereby established in the Treasury of the United States a separate fund to be known as the "Counterterrorism Fund."

"An Act to extend the final report date and termination date of the National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States, to provide additional funding for the Commission, and for other purposes."

"An Act to amend the Public Health Service Act to provide protections and countermeasures against chemical, radiological, or nuclear agents that may be used in a terrorist attack against the United States by giving the National Institutes of Health contracting flexibility, infrastructure improvements, and expediting the scientific peer review process, and streamlining the Food and Drug Administration approval process of countermeasures."

"An Act to extend and modify authorities needed to combat terrorism, and for other purposes." Acts relevant to homeland security included as subsections of this act: "Terrorist Death Penalty Enhancement Act of 2005"; "Reducing Crime and Terrorism at America's Seaports Act of 2005"; "Combating Terrorism Financing Act of 2005"; "Secret Service Authorization and Technical Modification Act of 2005"; and "Combat Methamphetamine Epidemic Act of 2005"

"An Act to provide the Department of Justice the necessary authority to apprehend, prosecute, and convict individuals committing animal enterprise terror. Whoever travels in interstate or foreign commerce, or uses or causes to be used the mail or any facility of interstate or foreign commerce - '(1) for the purpose of damaging or interfering with the operations of an animal enterprise; and '(2) in connection with such purpose - '(A) intentionally damages or causes the loss of any real or personal property (including animals or records) used by an animal enterprise, or any real or personal property of a person or entity having a connection to, relationship with, or transactions with an animal enterprise; '(B) intentionally places a person in reasonable fear of the death of, or serious bodily injury to that person, a member of the immediate family of that person, or a spouse or intimate partner of that person by a course of conduct involving threats, acts of vandalism, property damage, criminal trespass, harassment, or intimidation; or '(C) conspires or attempts to do so; shall be punished as provided for in subsection (b)."

"An Act to provide for the implementation of the recommendations of the National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States."

"An Act to strengthen efforts in the Department of Homeland Security to develop nuclear forensics capabilities to permit attribution of the source of nuclear material, and for other purposes."

"It is the sense of Congress that-- (1) the Haqqani Network meets the criteria for designation as a foreign terrorist organization as set forth in section 219 of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1189); and (2) the Secretary of State should so designate the Haqqani Network as a foreign terrorist organization under such section 219. […] Not later than 30 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of State shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress-- (A) a detailed report on whether the Haqqani Network meets the criteria for designation as a foreign terrorist organization as set forth in section 219 of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1189); and (B) if the Secretary determines that the Haqqani Network does not meet the criteria set forth under such section 219, a detailed justification as to which criteria have not been met."

"An Act [t]o provide for a comprehensive strategy to counter Iran's growing hostile presence and activity in the Western Hemisphere, and for other purposes."

"An Act to deny admission to the United States to any representative to the United Nations who has been found to have been engaged in espionage activities or a terrorist activity against the United States and poses a threat to United States national security interests." This Act amends the Foreign Relations Authorization Act, FY 1990 and 1991. It authorizes the president to deny entry of such representatives into the United States.

"The Protecting and Securing Chemical Facilities from Terrorist Attacks Act of 2014 amends the Homeland Security Act of 2002 to: (1) reestablish the Chemical Facility Anti-Terrorism Standards (CFATS) Program in the Department of Homeland Security (DHS), and (2) authorize such program for four years. The act directs the Secretary of Homeland Security to: identify chemical facilities of interest and covered chemical facilities; require each chemical facility of interest to submit a Top-Screen and any other information the Secretary determines necessary to enable DHS to assess the facility's security risks; establish risk-based performance standards designed to address high levels of security risk at covered chemical facilities; and require each covered chemical facility to submit a security vulnerability assessment and develop, submit, and implement a site security plan."

"An Act to define, regulate, and punish trading with the enemy, and for other purposes."

"An Act to authorize a Federal civil defense program, and for other purposes"..."It is the policy and intent of Congress to provide a plan of civil defense for the protection of life and property in the United States from attack. It is further declared to be the policy and intent of Congress that this responsibility for civil defense shall be vested primarily in the several States and their political subdivisions. The Federal Government shall provide necessary coordination and guidance; shall be responsible for the operations of the Federal Civil Defense Administration as set forth in this Act; and shall provide necessary assistance as hereinafter authorized."

"Any authority granted to the President by section 203 may be exercised to deal with any unusual and extraordinary threat, which has its source in, whole or substantial part outside the United States, to the national security, foreign policy, or economy of the United States, if the President declares a national emergency with respect to such threat. The authorities granted to the President by section 203 may only be exercised to deal with an unusual and extraordinary threat with respect to which a national emergency has been declared for purposes of this title and may not be exercised for any other purpose. Any exercise of such authorities to deal with any new threat shall be based on a new declaration of national emergency which must be with respect to such threat."

"An Act to provide enhanced diplomatic security and combat international terrorism, and for other purposes."

"An Act to amend the Merchant Marine Act, 1936, to establish a program to ensure greater security for United States seaports, and for other purposes." The Maritime Transportation Security Act of 2002 integrates the myriad of federal, state, local and private law enforcement agencies overseeing the security of the international borders at America's seaports. The bill authorizes more security officers, more screening equipment, and the building of important security infrastructure at seaports. The Senate Commerce Committee on August 2, 2001 unanimously approved a previous version of the Port and Maritime Security Act that focused on crime, cargo theft, and smuggling. Following September 11, the bill was dramatically expanded to address the new threat of terrorism at America's seaports.

Public Law 107-296, the Homeland Security Act of 2002, established the Department of Homeland Security and its components. The act also includes under Section 861, the "Support Anti-terrorism by Fostering Effective Technologies Act of 2002" also known as the "SAFETY Act."

"An Act to preserve the continued viability of the United States air transportation system." This Public Law covers Airline Stabilization in reference to 9/11. "Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the President shall take actions to compensate air carriers for losses incurred by the air carriers as a result of the terrorist attacks on the United States that occurred on September 11, 2001."

"An Act to improve aviation security, and for other purposes."

"An Act to authorize appropriations for the Coast Guard for fiscal year 2006, to make technical corrections to various laws administered by the Coast Guard, and for other purposes."

"An Act to improve maritime and cargo security through enhanced layered defenses, and for other purposes."

Issued by the White House in 2002, Homeland Security Presidential Directive (HSPD)4 lays out the "three pillars" in the fight against weapons of mass destruction: counterproliferation to combat WMD use; strengthened nonproliferation to combat WMD proliferation; and consequence management to respond to WMD use. The Strategy also details the four "cross-cutting enabling functions" to be pursued: intelligence collection and analysis on WMD, delivery systems, and related technologies; research and development to improve our ability to respond to evolving threats; bilateral and multilateral cooperation; and targeted strategies against hostile states and terrorists.

"An Act to make amendments to the Iran Nonproliferation Act of 2000 related to International Space Station payments, and for other purposes."

"An Act to exempt from certain requirements of the Atomic Energy Act of 1954 a proposed nuclear agreement for cooperation with India. It is the sense of Congress that - (1) preventing the proliferation of nuclear weapons, other weapons of mass destruction, the means to produce them, and the means to deliver them are critical objectives for United States foreign policy; (2) sustaining the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) and strengthening its implementation, particularly its verification and compliance, is the keystone of United States nonproliferation policy; (3) the NPT has been a significant success in preventing the acquisition of nuclear weapons capabilities and maintaining a stable international security situation; (4) countries that have never become a party to the NPT and remain outside that treaty's legal regime pose a potential challenge to the achievement of the overall goals of global nonproliferation, because those countries have not undertaken the NPT obligation to prohibit the spread of nuclear weapons capabilities."

"An Act to strengthen efforts in the Department of Homeland Security to develop nuclear forensics capabilities to permit attribution of the source of nuclear material, and for other purposes."