Joint Doctrine Note 3-16: Joint Electromagnetic Spectrum Operations   [open pdf - 1MB]

From the Introduction:"This joint doctrine note (JDN) describes how to manage and execute joint electromagnetic spectrum operations (JEMSO). The rapid advances in electromagnetic spectrum (EMS) technologies over the last few decades have led to an exponential increase in commercial and military EMS-enabled/dependent capabilities. This proliferation, coupled with the US military's heavy reliance on the EMS and the low entry costs for adversaries, poses significant military challenges to the joint force commander (JFC). Integrated electromagnetic spectrum operations (EMSO) are required to achieve EMS superiority, which is an essential and potentially decisive aspect of all joint operations."