Communication of Emergency Public Warnings: A Social Science Perspective and State-of-the-Art Assessment   [open pdf - 3MB]

More than 200 types of warning systems and warning response were reviewed for this social science perspective and state-of-the-art assessment of communication of emergency public warnings. [...] different methods of warning the public are not equally effective at providing and alert and notification in different physical and social settings. Most systems can provide a warning given three or more hours of available warning time. Special systems such as tone-alert radios are needed to provide rapid warning.